Economics and its discontents (2016) by jedrzej malko

ATROPOS PRESS new york • dresden General Editor: Wolfgang Schirmacher Editorial Board: Giorgio Agamben Pierre Alferi Hubertus von Amelunxen Alain Badiou Judith Balso Judith Butler Diane Davis Chris Fynsk Martin Hielscher Geert Lovink Larry Rickels Avital Ronell Michael Schmidt Fredrich Ulfers Victor Vitanza Siegfried Zielinski Slavoj Žižek © 2015 by Jędrzej Malko Think Media EGS Series is supported by the European Graduate School Cover art: Adam Borowski ATROPOS PRESS New York • Dresden 151 First Avenue # 14, New York, N.Y 10003 all rights reserved 978-1-940813-77-6 E conomics and Its Dis contents -ĊGU]HM0DONR Acknowledgements: I am grateful to many for their invaluable discussions, insights, and VXSSRUW , ZRXOG OLNH WR WKDQN 0LNRáDM Borucki, Prof Vivienne Brown, Prof David Hawkes, Prof Jerzy Jedlicki, Jakub Krzeski, Dr Bartosz XĨQLDU] Prof Germano Maifreda, Krzysztof Pacewicz, Tadeusz 7HOHĪ\ĔVNL and to Aleksandra Piejka, my love, for taking their time to read the early manuscript of this book and help me refine the argument I am also very grateful to Elena Rozbicka for proof-reading the manuscript DQGWR$GDP%RURZVNLIRUWKHFRYHUDUWZRUNDQGWR3DZHá0DONRIRUWKH cover idea I would like to express my gratitude to the internet communities of anonymous pirates and intellectual property thiefs who break copyright laws and let academic books and articles into circulation Without you I would never have been able to my research Finally, I would like to thank my family and my dear friends for the support they gave me while I was working on these pages Also, apologies are in place for all those times I lost myself in the library and didn’t show up when I should have I owe you one! Contents : Chapter 1………………………………………………………………… ………… 11 In which the purpose of this study is outlined Chapter 2………………………………………………………………… ………… 13 In which the analytical approach of discoursive materialism is explained Chapter 3………………………………………………………………… ………… 19 In which the myth of barter is debunked Chapter 4………………………………………………………………… ………… 23 In which the concept of debt regime is introduced Chapter 5………………………………………………………………… ………… 29 In which the violent beginnings of the institution of money are recalled Chapter 6………………………………………………………………… ………… 35 In which it is shown how Greek economic discourse was shaped by opposing political factions Chapter 7………………………………………………………………… ………… 41 In which it is argued that the existence of a longing for the good old days doesn’t mean that they have ever existed Chapter 8………………………………………………………………… ………… 45 In which we point out that economic growth is relatively new phenomenon Chapter 9………………………………………………………………… ………… 51 In which the interplay between religious and economic discourses is introduced Chapter 10………………………………………………………………… …………55 In we recognize the institutional character of private property and visit time when it was of secondary importance to constellations of power Chapter 11………………………………………………………………… …………61 In which it is argued that the issue of usury was so dire because it violated the logic of arithmetical justice and endangered interests that hinged upon it Chapter 12………………………………………………………………… …………67 In which, by acknowledging the significance of Arabic economics, we pretend that this study is not so Eurocentric Chapter 13………………………………………………………………… …………71 Which puts Friedmanite monetarism in an appropriate, medieval, context Chapter 14…………………………………………………………………………… 77 In which a transition from feudal to capitalist Europe is sketched Chapter 15………………………………………………………………… ……… 83 Which shows how the market became a space of spontaneous order and how exchange ceased to be arithmetical C hapter 16 ………………………………………………………………… …………87 In which it is shown how money became capital C hapter 17 ………………………………………………………………… …………91 In which we s ee that the Italian R enais s ance didn’t give rebirth to humanity; nevertheles s it left offs pring in the form of modern bookkeeping C hapter 18 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 99 In which historical, static patterns of consumption are explained, and then their breakdown, as well as legal attempts to defend them are presented C hapter 19 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 107 In which we study an economic school that has never existed C hapter 20 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 115 In which the emergence of population as an economic subject is considered C hapter 21 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 119 In which the synthesizing effects of bodily and organic metaphors are explained C hapter 22 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 125 In which the relationship between P rotestantism and the rise of capitalism is discussed C hapter 23 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 129 In which it is explained that supposedly secular liberal political economics are more sacral than the economics of Aquinas ever were C hapter 24 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 133 In which two main outlooks on international commerce are outlined C hapter 25 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 145 Which shows how perilous passions were turned into legitimate interests C hapter 26 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 149 In which iconoclasm as a mode of critique is critiqued C hapter 27 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 153 In which an example of iconoclastic argument from seventeenth-century E ngland is presented C hapter 28 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 157 In which we see that economic freedom was instrumental for the market equalizing machine C hapter 29 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 165 In which we see the roots and fruits of the scarcity figure Chapter 30 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 173 In which it is shown how liberal political economy was used to legitimize nineteenthcentury economic genocide C hapter 31 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 179 In which a time is shown when everyone understood that economic and political freedoms aren’t the same C hapter 32 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 183 In which we see that classic liberals were rebellious pro-statists C hapter 33 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 191 In which impact of banking on the regime of debt is inspected C hapter 34 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 199 A short but important chapter which shows how economics is blind to the political nature of money and its disciplining effects Also, a chapter in which the worthlessness of the radical notion of value is outlined C hapter 35 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 205 In which it shown how intellectual property was established by business fighting business in British courts C hapter 36 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 211 Which argues that Adam S mith was not the father of economics C hapter 37 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 215 Which shows that socialist and liberal economics are not that different C hapter 38 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 221 Which inspects a few important tropes of labor struggles C hapter 39 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 229 In which essential shortcomings of Marx’s economics are outlined C hapter 40 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 239 Which explains why the “working class” can never win the “class struggle.” C hapter 41 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 245 In which we take look at the so-called “marginalist revolution.” C hapter 42 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 249 In which psychological premises and logical tautologies behind the figure of homo economicus are inspected C hapter 43 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 257 In which the historical role of historical schools of economics is outlined C hapter 44 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 265 In which mathematicization of economics and its use of abstract theorizing is criticized Chapter 45………………………………………………………………… ……… 273 Which shows why Keynes was no K eynesian C hapter 46 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 279 In which it is explained why in the twentieth century the enthusiasm for central planning was shared on the both sides of the Iron C urtain C hapter 47 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 283 Which shows that economic game theory is a war game C hapter 48 ……………………………………………………………………………291 In which modern consumption is studied as a field of power and domination C hapter 49 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 299 In which the sad frutilessness of the postmodern left is explained C hapter 50 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 307 Notes ……………………………………………………………………………………311 B ibliography………………………….………………………………………………353 &]\PMHVWXU]ąG]HQLH"LQAgamben Przewodnik Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej  Agamben, G (2011) The Kingdom and the Glory, Stanford: Stanford University Press,  Agamben, G interviewed by Sacco, G (2010) in: Agamben Przewodnik Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej,  Alborn, T (1994) Economic man, economic machine, in: (ed.) 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Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought,  5DWDMF]DN06]DGNRZVNL. ... to accumulate wealth in the hands of a small elite 26 Economics and Its Discontents and to protect debtors Sumerian and Babylonian kings typically on assuming power and sometimes later over the... papers is a threefold sin: of smugness, style, and lack of consideration for the reader Economics and Its Discontents 18 Although I stand by my research and have put a lot of effort into ensuring... role economics plays in modern systems of power On the contrary, it is hardly possible to analyse the economics of power without appreciation for the power of economics Economics and Its Discontents