ATROPOS PRESS new york • dresden General Editor: Wolfgang Schirmacher Editorial Board: Giorgio Agamben Pierre Alferi Hubertus von Amelunxen Alain Badiou Judith Balso Judith Butler Diane Davis Chris Fynsk Martin Hielscher Geert Lovink Larry Rickels Avital Ronell Michael Schmidt Fredrich Ulfers Victor Vitanza Siegfried Zielinski Slavoj Žižek © 2015 by Jędrzej Malko Think Media EGS Series is supported by the European Graduate School Cover art: Adam Borowski ATROPOS PRESS New York • Dresden 151 First Avenue # 14, New York, N.Y 10003 all rights reserved 978-1-940813-77-6 E conomics and Its Dis contents -ĊGU]HM0DONR Acknowledgements: I am grateful to many for their invaluable discussions, insights, and VXSSRUW , ZRXOG OLNH WR WKDQN 0LNRáDM Borucki, Prof Vivienne Brown, Prof David Hawkes, Prof Jerzy Jedlicki, Jakub Krzeski, Dr Bartosz XĨQLDU] Prof Germano Maifreda, Krzysztof Pacewicz, Tadeusz 7HOHĪ\ĔVNL and to Aleksandra Piejka, my love, for taking their time to read the early manuscript of this book and help me refine the argument I am also very grateful to Elena Rozbicka for proof-reading the manuscript DQGWR$GDP%RURZVNLIRUWKHFRYHUDUWZRUNDQGWR3DZHá0DONRIRUWKH cover idea I would like to express my gratitude to the internet communities of anonymous pirates and intellectual property thiefs who break copyright laws and let academic books and articles into circulation Without you I would never have been able to my research Finally, I would like to thank my family and my dear friends for the support they gave me while I was working on these pages Also, apologies are in place for all those times I lost myself in the library and didn’t show up when I should have I owe you one! Contents : Chapter 1………………………………………………………………… ………… 11 In which the purpose of this study is outlined Chapter 2………………………………………………………………… ………… 13 In which the analytical approach of discoursive materialism is explained Chapter 3………………………………………………………………… ………… 19 In which the myth of barter is debunked Chapter 4………………………………………………………………… ………… 23 In which the concept of debt regime is introduced Chapter 5………………………………………………………………… ………… 29 In which the violent beginnings of the institution of money are recalled Chapter 6………………………………………………………………… ………… 35 In which it is shown how Greek economic discourse was shaped by opposing political factions Chapter 7………………………………………………………………… ………… 41 In which it is argued that the existence of a longing for the good old days doesn’t mean that they have ever existed Chapter 8………………………………………………………………… ………… 45 In which we point out that economic growth is relatively new phenomenon Chapter 9………………………………………………………………… ………… 51 In which the interplay between religious and economic discourses is introduced Chapter 10………………………………………………………………… …………55 In we recognize the institutional character of private property and visit time when it was of secondary importance to constellations of power Chapter 11………………………………………………………………… …………61 In which it is argued that the issue of usury was so dire because it violated the logic of arithmetical justice and endangered interests that hinged upon it Chapter 12………………………………………………………………… …………67 In which, by acknowledging the significance of Arabic economics, we pretend that this study is not so Eurocentric Chapter 13………………………………………………………………… …………71 Which puts Friedmanite monetarism in an appropriate, medieval, context Chapter 14…………………………………………………………………………… 77 In which a transition from feudal to capitalist Europe is sketched Chapter 15………………………………………………………………… ……… 83 Which shows how the market became a space of spontaneous order and how exchange ceased to be arithmetical C hapter 16 ………………………………………………………………… …………87 In which it is shown how money became capital C hapter 17 ………………………………………………………………… …………91 In which we s ee that the Italian R enais s ance didn’t give rebirth to humanity; nevertheles s it left offs pring in the form of modern bookkeeping C hapter 18 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 99 In which historical, static patterns of consumption are explained, and then their breakdown, as well as legal attempts to defend them are presented C hapter 19 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 107 In which we study an economic school that has never existed C hapter 20 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 115 In which the emergence of population as an economic subject is considered C hapter 21 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 119 In which the synthesizing effects of bodily and organic metaphors are explained C hapter 22 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 125 In which the relationship between P rotestantism and the rise of capitalism is discussed C hapter 23 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 129 In which it is explained that supposedly secular liberal political economics are more sacral than the economics of Aquinas ever were C hapter 24 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 133 In which two main outlooks on international commerce are outlined C hapter 25 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 145 Which shows how perilous passions were turned into legitimate interests C hapter 26 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 149 In which iconoclasm as a mode of critique is critiqued C hapter 27 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 153 In which an example of iconoclastic argument from seventeenth-century E ngland is presented C hapter 28 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 157 In which we see that economic freedom was instrumental for the market equalizing machine C hapter 29 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 165 In which we see the roots and fruits of the scarcity figure Chapter 30 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 173 In which it is shown how liberal political economy was used to legitimize nineteenthcentury economic genocide C hapter 31 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 179 In which a time is shown when everyone understood that economic and political freedoms aren’t the same C hapter 32 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 183 In which we see that classic liberals were rebellious pro-statists C hapter 33 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 191 In which impact of banking on the regime of debt is inspected C hapter 34 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 199 A short but important chapter which shows how economics is blind to the political nature of money and its disciplining effects Also, a chapter in which the worthlessness of the radical notion of value is outlined C hapter 35 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 205 In which it shown how intellectual property was established by business fighting business in British courts C hapter 36 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 211 Which argues that Adam S mith was not the father of economics C hapter 37 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 215 Which shows that socialist and liberal economics are not that different C hapter 38 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 221 Which inspects a few important tropes of labor struggles C hapter 39 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 229 In which essential shortcomings of Marx’s economics are outlined C hapter 40 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 239 Which explains why the “working class” can never win the “class struggle.” C hapter 41 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 245 In which we take look at the so-called “marginalist revolution.” C hapter 42 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 249 In which psychological premises and logical tautologies behind the figure of homo economicus are inspected C hapter 43 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 257 In which the historical role of historical schools of economics is outlined C hapter 44 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 265 In which mathematicization of economics and its use of abstract theorizing is criticized Chapter 45………………………………………………………………… ……… 273 Which shows why Keynes was no K eynesian C hapter 46 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 279 In which it is explained why in the twentieth century the enthusiasm for central planning was shared on the both sides of the Iron C urtain C hapter 47 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 283 Which shows that economic game theory is a war game C hapter 48 ……………………………………………………………………………291 In which modern consumption is studied as a field of power and domination C hapter 49 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 299 In which the sad frutilessness of the postmodern left is explained C hapter 50 ………………………………………………………………… ……… 307 Notes ……………………………………………………………………………………311 B ibliography………………………….………………………………………………353 &]\PMHVWXU]ąG]HQLH"LQ Agamben Przewodnik Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej Agamben, G (2011) The Kingdom and the Glory, Stanford: Stanford University Press, Agamben, G interviewed by Sacco, G (2010) in: Agamben Przewodnik Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, Alborn, T (1994) Economic man, economic machine, in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Amadae, S M (2003) Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy, Chicago: Chciago University Press Amariglio, J Ruccio, D (2001) 'From Unity to Dispersion: The body in modern economic discourse' in: Postmodernism, Economics and Knowledge London: Routledge Apple on the Forbes Global 2000, http://www.forbes.com/companies/apple/, accessed at: 26/12/2014 Apter, D (1959) Nationalism, government, and economic growth, „Economic Development and Cultural Change”, Vol 7, No (Jan., 1959), Aquinas, T (1957) Summa Contra Gentiles, accessed at: http://dhspriory.org/thomas/ContraGentiles3a.htm#71, date of access: 14/11/2014 Arendt, H (2000) Kondycja ludzka, Warszawa: Aletheia Aristotle, Politics, accessed at: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.005 8%3Abook%3D1%3Asection%3D1258b, date of access: 29/10/2014 Baeck, L (1994) The Mediterrean Tradition in Economic Thought, London: Routledge Baeck, L (1997) Greek Economic Thought, in: (ed.) Price, B Ancient Economic Thought, London: Routledge Baeck, L (2000) The Mediterranean trajectory of Aristotle’s economic canon’ in Psalidopoulus, M (ed.) The Canon in the History of Economics, London: Routledge Economics and Its Discontents 354 Bateman, B (2003) The end of Keynes and philosophy, in: (eds) Runde, J & Mizuhara, S., The Philosophy of Keynes' Economics, London: Routledge Beattie, A (2009) False Economy, New York: Riverhead Books Becker, G (1993) Nobel Lecture: The Economic Way of Looking at Behavior, in: The Journal of Political Economy, Vol 101, No (Jun.) Bell, D (1996) The Cultural Contradictions Of Capitalism, New York: Basic Books Benjamin, W (1921) Capitalism as Religion, accessed at: http://www.rae.com.pt/Caderno_wb_2010/Benjamin%20Capitalism-asReligion.pdf, date of access: 30/10/2014 Bentham, J (1789) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, I.1, accessed at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Bentham/bnthPMLCover.html, date of access: 17/12/2014 Bernstein, P (1998) Against the Gods, the remarkable history of risk, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Bibliothèque nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8410839z, date of access: 8/12/2014 Bihr, A (2008) Nowomowa neoliberalna Warsaw: Le Monde Diplomatique Bookchin, M (1986) Listen, Marxist! in: 'Post-Scarcity Anarchism', Monteral/Bufallo: Black Rose Books Brennan, T (2000) Exhausting Modernity, Grounds for a new Economy, London: Routledge Brown, V (2006) Adam Smith's Discourse: Canonicity, Commerce and Conscience, London: Routledge Buchanan, R Sundhya P (2004) Legal Imperalism: Empire's Invisible Hand? in: Passavant, P & Dean, J (eds) Empire's New Clothes, London: Routledge, Burke, P (1997) The Self from Petrarch to Descartes, in: (ed.) Porter, R Rewriting the Self, London: Routledge Burke, P 'Foreword' in: Eds Brady, A Butterworth, E (2010) The Uses of the Future in Early Modern Europe, Routledge: London Calder, L (1999) Financing the American Dream, Princeton: Princeton University Press Campbell, C (1989), The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Chang, H-J (2002) Kicking Away the Ladder Development Strategy in Historical Perspective, London: Anthem Press Chown, J (1994) A History of Money: From AD 800, London: Routledge Economics and Its Discontents Christensen, P (1994) Fire, motion, and productivity, in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Clark, G (2007) A Farewell to Alms, a brief economic history of the world, Princeton: Princeton University Press Clark, J.D.C (2003) Our Shadowed Present: Modernism, Postmodernism, and History, Stanford: Stanford University Press Clement of Alexandria, Who is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved?, accessed from: http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-richman.html, date of access: 1/5/2011 Clément, A (??) "The Influence of Medicine on Political Economy in the Seventeenth Century" History of Economics Review Clower, R (1989) The state of economics: hopeless but not serious in: The Spread of Economic Ideas, Colander, D., Coats, A W eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Cohen, B (1994) Newton and the social sciences in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Colander, D (1989) The invisible hand of truth, in: The Spread of Economic Ideas, Colander, D., Coats, A W eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Colander, D., Coats, A W (1989) An introduction to the spread of economic ideas in: The Spread of Economic Ideas, Colander, D., Coats, A W eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Comaroff, J (Ed.) Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Coyle, D (2014) GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History, Princeton: Princeton University Press Critchley, S (2006) Nieustające żądanie:URFáDZ :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH 'ROQRĞOąVNLHM6]NRá\:\ĪV]HM(GXNDFML7:3 Cullenberg, S Amariglio, J Ruccio, D (2001) 'Introduction' in: Postmodernism, Economics and Knowledge London: Routledge Davidson, N (2012) How Revolutionary Were Bourgeois Revolutions?, Chicago: Haymarket Books Davies, G (2002) A History of Money: From Ancient Times to the Present Day, Cardiff: University of Wales Press Davies, N (1996) Europe: a History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Davis, M (2001) Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World, London: Verso Debord, G The Society of the Spectacle, http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/debord/, accessed on: 17/3/2011 355 Economics and Its Discontents 356 Diamond v Chakrabarty, 447 U.S 303 (1980), accessed at: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=447&invol=303, date of access: 28/12/2014 Dimitri, N., Basili, M., Gilboa, I (2003) Introduction in: Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour Dunn, E (2008) Prywatyzując Polskę, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej Eagleton, T (1992) A culture in crisis, in: Guardian, Nov 27, 1992 Ebenstein, A (2003) Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, Chicago: Chicago University Press, Eisenhower, D (1961) The Farewell Address, delivered 17 January 1961, accessed at: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html, date of access: 25/12/2015 Engels, F (1882) A 2-3 November letter to Eduard Bernstein, accessed at: https://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/marx/works/1882/letters/82_11_02.htm, date of access: 10/12/2014 Escobar, A (2010) Planning, in: Sachs, W (ed.) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, London: Zed Books, Faigon, L (2002) Mao: A reinterpretation, Chicago: Ivan R Dee Fairclough, N (2000) New Labour, New Language? London: Routledge Fara, P (2004) Newton: The Making of a Genius, New York: Columbia University Press Federici, S (2009) Caliban and the Witch, New York: Autonomedia Fine, B (1996) ‘From Political Economy to Consumption’ in: (ed.) Miller, D Acknowledging Consumption, London: Routledge Fioretti, G (2003) No faith, no convertion, in: (eds) Runde, J & Mizuhara, S., The Philosophy of Keynes' Economics, London: Routledge Fitzgibbons, A (2003) Keynes's Epistemology, in: (eds) Runde, J & Mizuhara, S., The Philosophy of Keynes' Economics, London: Routledge Flis, A (1994) From Marx to Real Socialism: the History of a Utopia, in: Krygier, M (ed.) Marxism and Communism: Posthumous Reflections on Politics, Society, and Law, Amsterdam: Rodopi Force, P (2003) Self-Interest before Adam Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Foucault, M (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, London: Vintage Economics and Its Discontents Foucault, M (1988) The Political Technology of Individuals in: (eds) Martin, L Gutman, H Hutton, P Technologies of the Self, Foucault, M (1991) Remarks on Marx: conversations with Duccio Trombadori, New York: Semiotext(e), Foucault, M (2002) Porządek dyskursu*GDĔVN VáRZRREUD]WHU\WRULD Foucault, M (2005) The Order of Things, London: Routledge Foucault, M (2006) Słowa i rzeczy, *GDĔVN VáRZRREUD]WHU\WRULD Foucault, M (2008) The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-1979, (eds) Sellenart, M Davidson, A Fontana, A Ewald, F Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Foucault, M (2009) Security, Territory, Population, Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978, London: Palgrave Macmillan, Foucault, M (2009) Nadzorować i karać, Warszawa: Aletheia Frank, T (2008) Co z tym Kansas?, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej Frank, A G (1972) Sociology of Development and Underdevelopment of Sociology, in: Cockfort, J (ed.) Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin America’s Political Economy, New York: Doubleday Gallagher, T Gallagher, M (1987) Paddy's Lament, Ireland 1846-1847: Prelude to Hatred, Boston: Mariner Books, p 85 George, D (2013) The Rhetoric of the Right, London: Routledge Goux, J.-J (2001) 'From Unity to Dispersion: The body in modern economic discourse' in: Postmodernism, Economics and Knowledge London: Routledge Graeber, D (2011) Debt: The First 5000 Years, New York: First Melville House Printing, Habermas, J (1993), ‘Martin Heidegger: On the Publication of the Lectures of 1935, in: Wolin, R (ed.) The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader, London: The MIT Press Habermas, J (2007) Filozoficzny dyskurs nowoczesności, Kraków: Universitas Hardt, M Negri, A (2009) Commonwealth, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Harris, J G (2004) Sick Economies, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Harvey, D (1989) Condition of Postmodernity, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Harvey, D (2012) History Versus Theory: A Commentary on Marx’s Method in Capital, Historical Materialism, Volume 20 Issue 357 Economics and Its Discontents 358 Havel, V "Przedmowa" w: Sedlacek, T (2012) Ekonomia dobra i zła, Warszawa: Studio EMKA Hawkes, D (2001) Idols of the Marketplace, New York: Palgrave Macmillan Hawkes, D (2010) The culture of usury in Renaissance England, New York: Palgrave Macmillan Hayek, F (2006) The Road to Serfdom, London: Routledge Hayek, F.A (1949) The Intellectuals and Socialism, accessed at: http://mises.org/sites/default/files/Intellectuals%20and%20Socialism_4.pdf, date of access: 10/12/2014 Hegel, F (1837) Lectures on the Philosophy of History, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/hi/hiconten.htm date of access: 9/12/2014 Heidegger, M (1966) Dicourse on Thinking, New York: Harper Heidegger, M (1977) The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, New York: Harper & Row Heidegger, M (1993) "On the Essence ofTruth" in: Basic Writings, ed David Farrell Krell, New York: Harper Heidegger, M (2000) Introduction to Metaphysics, New Haven, London: Yale University Press Heidegger, M (2001) Poetry, Language, Thought, New York: Perennial, Henderson, W (1995) Economics as Literature, London: Routledge Heetkamp, A Tusveld, R (2011) Origin Management, Rules of Origin in Free Trade Agreements, Heidelberg: Springer Hengstmengel, J (2011) The role of divine providence in seventeenth-century economic thought An examination of the Taylor thesis, MA thesis at Erasmus University Rotterdam Hewings, A (1990) Aspects of the Language of Economics Textbooks in: (eds) Dudley-Evans, T Henderson, W The Language of Economics: The Analysis of Economics Discourse, Hicks, John (1980–1981.) “'IS-LM': An Explanation,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 3.2: 139–154 Hirschman, A (1997) The Passions and the Interest, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Hisock, A ‘Provide for the Future, and Times Succeeding’ in: Eds Brady, A Butterworth, E (2010) The Uses of the Future in Early Modern Europe, Routledge: London Economics and Its Discontents Hobsbawm, E (1964) Labouring Men Studies in the History of Labour, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson Hodgson, G (2001) Economics & Utopia, London: Routledge Hodgson, G (2001) How Economics Forgot History, London: Routledge Horkheimer, M Adorno, T (2002) Dialectic of Enlightenment, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press Hoy, M (2004) ‘Discourses on Empire:From National Sovereignty to Global Power Distributions in the 21st Century’, The Culture Mandala, Volume No 2, retrieved from: http://www.international-relations.com/CM62WB/Discourses.htm, date of access: 13/03/2010 Hume, D (1738) A Treaties on Human Nature, accessed at: http://nothingistic.org/library/hume/treatise/, date of access: 22/12/2014 Hume, D (1965) Essential works of David Hume, London: Bantam Matrix Books Hunt, A (1996) Governance of the Consuming Passions, London: Macmillan Press Hunt, E (1986) Property and Prophets, New York City: Harper & Row Hutter, M (1994) Organism as a metaphor in German economic thought, in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ihde, D (2002) Bodies in Technology, Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press Iliffe, J (1979) A Modern History of Tanganyika Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p 120 Illouz, E (1997) Consuming the Romantic Utopia, Berkeley: University od California Press Illustration from 1847 translation Aristotle’s Ethics, obtained at: http://california.anarchoblogs.org/2009/10/page/3/, date of access: 3/11/2014 International Monetary Fund website, ‘What Is Keynesian Economics?’ accessed at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/09/basics.htm, date of access: 22/12/2014 Jacobsen, S (2013) Physiocracy and the Chinese model, in: (eds) Ma, Y., Trautwein, H., Thoughts on Economic Development in China, London: Routledge Jacoby, R (2011) Bloodlust: On the Roots of Violence, New York: Simon and Schuster, Jameson, F (2011) Postmodernizm, czyli logika kulturowa późnego kapitalizmu, UDNyZ :\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX-DJLHOORĔVNLHJR 359 Economics and Its Discontents 360 Janowski M (2008) Dzieje inteligencji polskiej roku 1918, t Narodziny inteligencji (1750-1831) Jedlicki, J (2000) Świat zwyrodniały Lęki i wyroki krytyków nowoczesności, Warszawa: Sic! Jedlicki, J (2008) Dzieje inteligencji polskiej roku 1918, t Błędne koło (1832-1864) Jevons, W (1871) The Theory of Political Economy, III.39, accessed at: http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Jevons/jvnPE.html, date of access: 17/12/2014 Kant, I (1950) Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, New York: The Library of Liberal Arts Kaye, J (1998) Economy and Nature in the Fourteenth Century: Money, market exchange, and the emergence of scientific thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Keynes, J.M (1935) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money; accessed at: http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/keynes/generaltheory/ch23.htm date of access: 17/11/2014 Keynes, J.M (2011) Ogólna teoria zatrudnienia, procentu i pieniądza, Warszawa: PWN Keynes, J.M [1925] A Short View of Russia, in: (1963) Essays in Persuasion, London: W W Norton & Company Keynes, J.M [1925] Am I a Liberal?, in: (1963) Essays in Persuasion, London: W W Norton & Company Keynes, J.M [1926] The End of Laissez-Fare, in: (1963) Essays in Persuasion, London: W W Norton & Company Keynes, J.M [1930] Economic Possibilities For Our Grandchildren, in: (1963) Essays in Persuasion, London: W W Norton & Company Keynes, J.M [1930] The Great Slump of 1930, in: (1963) Essays in Persuasion, London: W W Norton & Company Kindleberger, Ch (1989) How ideas spread among economists: examples from internation economics, in: The Spread of Economic Ideas, Colander, D., Coats, A W eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Klamer, A (1990) Towards the native point of view, in : ed Lavoie, D Economics and Hermeneutics, London: Routledge Klyuev, V de Imus, P Srinivasan, K (2009) Unconventional Choices for Unconventional Times: Credit and Quantitative Easing in Advanced Economies, International Monetary Fund Staff Position Note SPN/09/27; November 2009 Economics and Its Discontents RáDNRZVNL/ .DSáDQLEáD]HQLQ Pochwała niekonsekwencji, vol 2, London: Puls Kroszner, R (1990) On the microfoundations of money, in: ed Lavoie, D Economics and Hermeneutics, London: Routledge Lachman, L (1990) Austrian economics, A hermeneutic approach, in: Lavoie, D (ed.) Economics and Hermeneutics, London: Routledge Lachmann, (2000) Capitalists in Spite of Themselves, Oxford: Oxford University Press Langholm, O (1998) The legacy of scholasticism in economic thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Lavoie, D (1990) Introduction, in: ed Lavoie, D Economics and Hermeneutics, London: Routledge Lenin, V (1920) Report On The International Situation And The Fundamental Tasks Of The Communist International, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/jul/x03.htm, date of access: 22/12/2014 /HV]F]\ĔVNL$ Skok w nowoczesność, Warszawa: Krytyka Polityczna Lipovetsky, G (1994) The Empire of Fashion, Princeton: Princeton University Press List, F (1841) The National System of Political Economy, I.I.12, accessed at: http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/List/lstNPECover.html, date of access: 18/12/2014 Lyotard, J (1986) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Manchester: Manchester University Press Madison, G.B (1990) Getting beyond objectivism, in: Lavoie, D (ed.) Economics and Hermeneutics, London: Routledge Maifreda, G (2012) From Oikonomia to Political Economy, Farnham: Ashgate Malcolm, B (2004) Smooth Politics, in: Passavant, P & Dean, J (eds) Empire's New Clothes, London: Routledge Malthus, T (1798) An Essay on the Principle of Population, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/malthus/, date of access: 29/10/2014 Marks, K (1951) Kapitał, tom I:DUV]DZD .VLąĪNDL:LHG]D Marsden, R (1999) The Nature of Capital, Marx after Foucault, London: Routledge Marshall, P (2008) Demanding the Impossible, A History of Anarchism, London: Harper Perennial 361 Economics and Its Discontents 362 Martin, J (2004) The Myths of Renaissance Individualism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan Marx, K (1844) Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/EconomicPhilosophic-Manuscripts-1844.pdf, date of access: 18/3/2011 Marx, K (1845) Theses on Feuerbach, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm, date of Access: 10/12/2014 Marx, K (1847) The Poverty of Philosophy, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/, date of access: 9/12/2014 Marx, K (1853) The British Rule in India, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/06/25.htm date of access: 9/12/2014 Marx, K (1859) A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-poleconomy/index.htm, date of access: 9/12/2014 Marx, K (1875) Critique of the Gotha Program, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ch01.htm, date of access: 16/03/2011 Marx, K Engels, F (1848) Manifesto of the Communist Party, accessed at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/, date of access: 28/11/2014 Marx, K Engels, F (1947) The German Ideology, New York: International Publishers, p.24 McCloskey, D (1990) If You're So Smart: The Narrative of Economic Expertise, London: The University of Chicago Press McCloskey, D (1998) The Rhetoric of Economics, London: The University of Wisconsin Press, p 143 McGowan, T (2003) The End of Dissatisfaction: Jacques Lacan and the Emerging Society of Enjoyment, New York: State University of New York McLellan, R (ed.) (2014) Living Planet Report, Species and spaces, people and places, WWF International, p 8-9 Meadows, D H Randers, J Meadows, D L (2005) Limits to Growth: The 30Year Update, London: Earthscan 0LFLĔVND0 ']LHMHLQWHOLJHQFMLSROVNLHMGRURNX WInteligencja na rozdrożach (1865-1918) Mill, J S (1844) On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper To It In: Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economics and Its Discontents Economy, V.38 accessed at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlUQP.html, date of access: 17/12/2014 Mill, J S (2009) Utilitarianism, The Floating Press Mill, J.S (1879) Chapters on Socialism, http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/jsmill/cos/index.html, date of Access: 4/12/2014 Mill, J.S (1965) Principles of Political Economy, Toronto and Buffalo: Toronto University Press Mill, J.S (2009) Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, The Floating Press Milonakis, D., Fine, B (2009) From Economics Imperialism to Freakonomics: The Shifting Boundaries between Economics and other Social Sciences, London: Routledge Milonakis, D., Fine, B (2009) From Political Economy to Economics, London: Routledge Minsky, H (2008) John Maynard Keynes, New York: McGraw Hill Mirowski, P (1988) Against Mechanism New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield Mirowski, P (1994) Doing what comes naturally in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Mirowski, P (1995) More heat than light Economics as social physics: Physics as nature’s economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Mirowski, P (2001) 'Refusing the Gift' in: Postmodernism, Economics and Knowledge London: Routledge Mises, L (1990) Money, Method, and the Market Process, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers Moser, T (2000) ‘The idea of usury in Patristic literature’ in Psalidopoulus, M (ed.) The Canon in the History of Economics, London: Routledge Moser T 'The idea of usury in Patristic literature' in Psalidopoulos, M (ed) The Canon in the History of Economics, London: Routledge, Mouffe, Ch (1993) The Return of the Political, London, Routledge Mouffe, Ch (2005) On the Political, London; Routledge, Murphy, J B (1994) The kinds of order in society, in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Myers, T (2009) Slavoj Žižek, In: Žižek Przewodnik Krytyki Politycznej, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej Nelson, R (2001) Economics as Religion, University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press 363 Economics and Its Discontents 364 Newman, S (2007) From Bakunin to Lacan: anti-authiritarianism and the dislocation of power, Lanham: Lexington Books, Newman, S (2007) Unstable Universalities, Manchester: Manchester University Press Nietzsche, (1878) Human, All too Human, accessed from: http://nietzsche.holtof.com/Nietzsche_human_all_too_human/index.htm, date of access: 4/5/2011 Nietzsche, F (1974) The Gay Science, New York: Vintage Books Nuyen, T (1999) Chinese philosophy and western capitalism, Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East, 9:1, 71-79 Ost, D (2007) Klęska "Solidarności", Warszawa: Muza, Pamiętniki Bezrobotnych DVWXG\E\,QVW\WXW*RVSRGDUVWZD6SRáHF]HQHJR reported in: Magazyn Kontakt, nr 22/2013 Peet, R (2007) Unholy Trinity: The IMF, World Bank and WTO, London, Zed Books, Peil, J 'Deconstructing the canonical view on Adam Smith' in: Psalidopoulos, M (ed) The Canon in the History of Economics, London: Routledge Perio, M (1974) Philosophy and Economics, Gainesville: The University Press of Florida Perlman, M (1997) Looking for Ourselves in the Mirror of our Past, in: (ed.) Price, B Ancient Economic Thought, London: Routledge Perrotta, C (2004) Consumption as an Investment: I, London: Routledge Piketty, T (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge, Massachusets: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Plato, Republic, accessed at http://www.aprendendoingles.com.br/ebooks/republic.pdf, date of access: 29/10/2014 Polanyi, K (1957) The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Hill Polanyi, K (1977) The Livelihood of Man, USA: Academic Press Porter, R (1997) Introduction, in: (ed.) Porter, R Rewriting the Self, London: Routledge, Porter, T (1994) Rigor and practicality, in: (ed.) Mirowski, P Natural Images in Economic Thought, 5DWDMF]DN06]DGNRZVNL. ... to accumulate wealth in the hands of a small elite 26 Economics and Its Discontents and to protect debtors Sumerian and Babylonian kings typically on assuming power and sometimes later over the... papers is a threefold sin: of smugness, style, and lack of consideration for the reader Economics and Its Discontents 18 Although I stand by my research and have put a lot of effort into ensuring... role economics plays in modern systems of power On the contrary, it is hardly possible to analyse the economics of power without appreciation for the power of economics Economics and Its Discontents