The official guide for GMAT review, 13th edition 4

The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 67 Several industries have recently switched at least partlyfrom older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity It is thus evidentthat less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above? (A) Many of the industries that have switched at least partlyto the newtechnologies have increased their output (B) Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed in the new technologies than was originally used to manufacture the machinery employed inthe older technologies (C) More electricity is used by those industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies than by those industries that have not switched (D) Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered by fossil fuels (E) The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount that would have been used to power the older technologies Argument Evaluation Situation Several industries have now switched, at least partly, to technologies using electricity rather than fossil fuels Thus, less fossil fuel will be consumed as a result of the operation of these industries than otherwise would have been Reasoning Which option most strengthens the argument? One way to strengthen an argument is to eliminate or minimize one of its flaws or weaknesses Because the conclusion is stated in terms of "fossil fuel consumed as a result of the operation of these industries," the claim would encompass even any fossil fuel that might be used to generate the electricity that the newer technologies use Yet the premise of the argument does not address this issue So the argument is strengthened if it turns out that less fossil fuel was usedto produce the electricity than would have been used to powerthe older technologies A In an indirect way, this option slightly weakens rather than strengthens the argument For if fossil fuels are used to produce the electricity now used by the industries and ifit is because of these newer technologies that output has increased, the argument's conclusion is less likely B It does not matter how much fossil fuel was used to manufacture the older technologies originally That has no bearing onwhether more fossil fuel would have been expended as a result of the continued operation ofthe industries if the partial switch to newer technologies had not occurred C This is what we would expect, but it in no way strengthens the argument D This may seem toweaken the argument by indicating thatthe switch from older technologies will have less of an impact on fossil fuel consumption by these industries than wemight have assumed But since the conclusion makes no claim about how much consumption has been reduced, it is not clear that this option has any bearing on the strength of the argument oneway or the other E Correct This is the option that most strengthens the argument The correct answer is E 606 QQ:1014347461 8.6 Critical Reasoning Answer Explanations Scientists have modified feed corn genetically, increasing its resistance to insect pests Farmers who tried out the genetically modified corn last season applied less insecticide to their corn fields and still got yields comparable to those they would have gotten with ordinary corn Ordinary corn seed, however, costs less, and what these farmers saved on insecticide rarely exceeded their extra costs for seed Therefore, for most feed-corn farmers, switching to genetically modified seed would be unlikely to increase profits Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument? (A) Whether there are insect pests that sometimes reduce feed-corn yields, but against which commonly used insecticides and the genetic modification are equally ineffective (B) Whether the price that farmers receive for feed corn has remained steady over the past few years (C) Whether the insecticides typically used on feed corn tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops (D) Whether most of the farmers who tried the genetically modified corn last season applied more insecticide than was actually necessary (E) Whether, for most farmers who plant feed corn, it is their most profitable crop Argument Evaluation Situation Farmers who grew feed corn genetically engineered to be pest resistant got yields comparable to those of farmers growing ordinary feed corn, but did so while using less pesticide Since the amount saved on pesticide was rarely in excess of the extra costs for the genetically modified corn, most farmers will probably not increase profits by choosing the genetically engineered variety Reasoning Which would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument? To answer a question such as this, one should look for information that would strengthen or weaken the argument If one had information that the farmers growing the genetically modified corn could have increased their yields last year at lower cost, this would be helpful in evaluating the argument, because this would show that the argument is weak A It does not matter to the argument whether there are pests against which pesticides and genetic resistance are equally ineffective, because that is compatible with there being pests against which they are not equally effective B C Whether prices of feed corn go up or down affects the comparison groups equally The relative costof insecticides for othercrops has no bearing on the argument because the argument is concerned with only feed corn D Correct This option provides the information thatit would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument It shows that farmers growing genetically modified corn lastyear could have attained higher profits than they in fact did E The argument concerns only the relative profitability ofgrowing one variety of feed corn versus another The correct answer is D 607 The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 69 Which of the following most logically completes the argument? By competing with rodents for seeds, black ants help control rodent populations that pose a public health risk However, a very aggressive species of black ant, the Loma ant, which has recently invaded a certain region, has a venomous sting that is often fatal to humans Therefore, the planned introduction into that region of ant flies, which prey on Loma ants, would benefit public health, since (A) ant flies not attack black ants other than Loma ants (B) (C) Loma ants are less effectivethan many bird species in competing with rodents for seeds certain other species of black ants are more effective than Loma ants in competing with rodents for seeds (D) the sting of Loma ants can also be fatal to rodents (E) some pesticides that could be used to control Loma ants are harmful to the environment Argument Construction Situation Blackants help to control populations of rodents by competing with them for seeds But a very aggressive species of black ant, the Loma ant, has a sting that can be fatal to humans Ant flies prey on Loma ants and their presence can thereby benefit public health Reasoning Which ofthepossible completions ofthepassage provides the most supportfor the conclusion? The argument's conclusion is that introducingant flies into the regionwhere Loma ants have recently invaded would benefit public health We know from the passage that black ants, generally, benefit public health by keeping down rodent populations However, the sting of Loma ants, a species of black ant, can be fatal to humans Ant flies prey on Loma ants To that extent their introduction in the region would tend to benefit publichealth by making fatal Loma stinging of humans less likely But if these ant flies also prey on black ants other than the Loma ants, then to that extent they would undermine another public health benefit associatedwith controlling rodents Thus, the information that ant flies not prey on black ants other than Loma ants would provide strong logical support for the conclusion A B C D Correct This most logically completes the argumentbecause it addresses a potential downside of introducing the ant flies into the region The potential downside is that it might reduce the desirable effectthat other species of black ants have in keeping down the rodent populations We have no ideawhether the bird species that are moreeffective than Loma ants at competing with rodents for seeds are even presentin the region in question This does not help the conclusion very much because we not knowfrom thepassage whether ant flies preyon other species of black ants besides Loma ants If anything, this is a reason not to introduce antfliesinto the region This answerchoice at least suggests that Loma ants might have some positive effect on public health because theymight keep down rodent populations by reducing their survival chances E This provides very little support for the conclusion It does notexclude the possibility that there are pesticides—perhaps several—that would control Loma ants effectively without harming the environment So it is not a strong reason for introducing ant flies The correct answer is A 608 QQ:1014347461 70 8.6 Critical Reasoning Answer Explanations Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAII discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAII has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the community activist's reasoning? (A) Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAII store on the outskirts of their towns? (B) Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville? (C) In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period? (D) What proportion of the employees at the SaveAII store on the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville? (E) Do newly opened SaveAII stores ever lose money during their first five years of operation? Argument Evaluation Situation Morganville should stop SaveAII from opening a store on its outskirts if it wants to keep its shopping district healthy Other small towns have experienced bankruptcies in 25 percent of the stores in their central shopping district within five years after such openings Reasoning Which option provides the information that it would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument? The argument contends that if SaveAII opens a store in Morganville, then that will somehow undermine the health of the shopping district Two basic questions arise when evaluating the bankruptcy data from other small towns: (1) Did the openingof SaveAlls cause anyof these bankruptcies? No information is given about bankruptcy rates in small towns without SaveAlls (2) Is a 25 percent bankruptcyrate over five years unhealthy} A This has to dowith the likelihood that the SaveAII will open; and notwith what will happen if it does B The conclusion would besupported just as well—or as poorly—if this question were answered with a yes as with a no C Correct This option provides the information thatit would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument D This may be important in determining the effect the SaveAII would have onMorganville residents, but the argument has only to with SaveAll's effect on the economic health of the shopping district E Whether SaveAlls tend to make orlose money in their first five years has no obvious bearing on whether theyare apt to undermine the health of the town's shopping districts The correct answer is C 609 The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 71 In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above? (A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard (B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than standard keyboards (C) (D) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard (E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time that it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard Argument Evaluation Situation Compared to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard promotes faster typing while producing less fatigue Replacing standard keyboards with EFCO keyboards promises immediate reduction of typing costs Reasoning Whatpointwould weaken the conclusion about reduced typing costs? Whenever a word like immediate is part of an argument, it is wise to be alert Given the comparison with the standard keyboard, it could well be that over the longer term the EFCO keyboard will save money What problems might there be initially, however, that would counteract the possibility of immediate savings? Personnel must first be retrained on the new EFCO keyboard, and it is possible that the costs of the training could offset any short-term savings If the more experience employees have had with the standard keyboard, the morecostlythe initial training, then adopting the new keyboard could have high shortterm costs that preclude immediate savings A B The greater ease of changing from the standardkeyboard to the EFCO keyboard for typists experienced in both would support, not weaken, the conclusion The fewer repairs required by EFCO keyboards should save money in the longrun; immediate costs will not go up since the price of both keyboards is the same The conclusion is not weakened C The increasing use of EFCO keyboards supports the conclusion, because it suggests that other D Correct This statement properly identifies information that weakens the conclusion that savings offices have found the switch advantageous will be immediate E For new typists, training timeis the same for both keyboards; this statement does notweaken the conclusion The correct answer is D 610 QQ:1014347461 72 8.6 Critical Reasoning Answer Explanations In the past the country of Malvernia has relied heavily on imported oil Malvernia recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas Malvernia currently produces more natural gas each year than it uses, and oil production in Malvernian oil fields is increasing at a steady pace If these trends in fuel production and usage continue, therefore, Malvernian reliance on foreign sources for fuel is likely to decline soon Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in evaluating the argument? (A) When, if ever, will production of oil in Malvernia outstrip production of natural gas? (B) (C) What proportion of Malvernia's total energy needs is met by hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear power? Is Malvernia among the countries that rely most on imported oil? (D) Is the amount of oil used each year in Malvernia for generating electricity and fuel for transportation increasing? (E) Have any existing oil-burning heating systems in Malvernia already been converted to natural-gas-burning heating systems? Argument Evaluation Situation Malvernia has relied heavily on imported oil, but recentlybegan a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas Malvernia produces more natural gas than it uses, so it will probably reduce its reliance on imported oils if these trends continue Reasoning Which option provides the information that it would be most useful toknow in evaluating the argument? In other words, we are looking for the option which—depending on whether it was answered yes or no—would either most weaken or most strengthen the argument The argument indicates that Malverniawill be using less oil for heating and will be producing more oil domestically But the conclusion that Malvernia's reliance on foreign oil will decline, assuming the current trends mentioned continue, would be seriously undermined if there was something in the works that was bound to offset these trends, for instance, if it turned out that the country's need for oil was going to rise drastically in the coming years A B C D Since both counteract the need for imported oil, it makeslittle difference to the argument whether domestic oil production exceeds domestic natural gas Whether there are many countries that rely moreon foreign oil than Malvernia would have little impact on whether Malvernia's need for foreign oil can be expected to decline Since there is no information in the argument about whether Malvernia can expect an increase or decrease from these otherenergy sources, it does not matter howmuch they now provide Correct.This option provides the information that it would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument E The argument tells us that a program has begun recently to convert heating systems from oilto gas So, even if no such conversions have been completed, the argument still indicates that they can be expected to occur The correct answer is D 611 The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 73 An overly centralized economy, notthe changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country Xsince its new government came to power Neighboring Country Yhas experienced the same climatic conditions, butwhile agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above? (A) (B) (C) Industrial production also is declining in Country X Whereas Country Yis landlocked, Country Xhas a major seaport Both Country Xand Country Yhave been experiencing drought conditions (D) The crops that have always been grown in Country Xare different from those that have always been grown in Country Y (E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economywith the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods Argument Evaluation Situation Two countries sharing similar climateconditions differwidelyin agricultural production, one experiencing a rise and the other a decline The decline is blamed on an overly centralized economy Reasoning Whatpoint most weakens the argument that the economy is toblame? If a factor other than the economycould account for the differences in agricultural production, then the argument is weakened If the two countries grow different kinds of crops that may react differently to the same climate conditions, then the types of crops, rather than the economy could be responsible for the differences in production A B C D E This weakly suggests that the overly centralized economy of Country X is to blame for its poor agricultural production; this strengthens the argument more than it weakens it The availability of a seaport does not explain the differences in agriculturalproduction Similar climate conditions have already been established in the argument Correct This statement properlyidentifies a factor that weakens the argument The government's intention when instituting the economy does not have any bearing on whether the economy is responsible for the decline or not The correct answer is D 612 QQ:1014347461 74 8.6 Critical Reasoning Answer Explanations Which of the following most logically completes the argument below? Using broad-spectrum weed killers on weeds that are competing with crops for sunlight, water, and nutrients presents a difficulty: how to keep the crop from being killed along with the weeds For at least some food crops, specially treated seed that produces plants resistant to weed killers is under development This resistance wears off as the plants mature Therefore, the special seed treatment will be especially useful for plants that (A) produce their crop over an extended period of time, as summer squash does (B) produce large seeds that are easy to treat individually, as corn and beans (C) provide, as they approach maturity, shade dense enough to keep weeds from growing (D) are typically grown in large tracts devoted to a single crop (E) are cultivated specifically for the seed they produce rather than for their leaves or roots Argument Construction Situation A difficulty in using broad-spectrum weed killers is keeping them from killing the food crops along with the weeds Speciallytreated seed is being developed that will protect certain food crop plants in their earlier stages of growth Reasoning Which is the best completionfor the conclusion? The conclusion is incompletely stated as "Therefore, the special seed treatment will be especially useful for plants that " The question is what sorts of plants does the passage suggest the seed treatment would be especiallyuseful for We have been told that this treatment makes the plants resistant to weed killer, but that this resistance wears offwhen the plant matures So the treatment will be most useful with plants that are not harmed by weed killer and that suffer no significant disadvantage when the resistance wears off as the plant matures Choice (C) is the correct answer choice because it describes a sortof plant that can combat weeds and requires no weed killer once the plant matures A Given that the seed treatment wears offas the plant matures, it would not be especially useful for plants that produce their crops over an extended period B We have not been told whether small seeds are more difficult to treat, and so we have no basis to conclude that the special seed treatment would be especially usefulTor plants that have large seeds that are easy to treat individually We have also been given no reason to think that it is better to treat seeds individually C Correct Plants that, as they approach maturity, produce shade dense enough to keep weeds from growing, would benefitfrom resistance to weed killerwhen young and would not need weed killer when they have matured and lost their resistance D E We have been given no reason to thinkthat the seed treatment would be especially useful for plants grown in a large tractdevoted to a single crop For example, whywould it be less useful for small tracts with a varietyof crops? A plant harvested for its roots, fruits, or leaves, rather than for its seeds, would derive no less an advantage from resistance to weed killers in earlier stages of growth The correct answer is C 613 The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 75 Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that (A) (B) (C) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy (D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates (E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors Argument Construction Situation No employee wants to report bad news to a superior, so information about problems is softened and distorted as it goes up the ranks of management As a result, chief executives know less about problems at lower levels than their subordinates Reasoning What assumption isbeing made in this argument? This passage contends that information travels step by step upward through an organization, and that information becomes increasinglydistorted along the route with each additional individual's reluctance to be candid with a superior about problems What must be true about this information flow to support the conclusion? In order to conclude that chief executives are less wellinformed about problems than their subordinates, the argument must logically assume that they have no source of information except their subordinates A This argument is not about how problems should be solved, only about how chief executives learn of them B C D E No recommendation for solving the problem is assumed; onlythe method of discovering the problem is assumed Problem-solving ability plays no role in the argument Correct This statementproperly identifies an assumption that underlies the argument This statement undermines the assertion made in the first sentence of the passage and so cannot be assumed The correct answer is D 614 QQ:1014347461 76 8.6 Critical Reasoning Answer Explanations Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the eighth century B.C., the fact that the text of these Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from left to right indicates that the Greeks adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries before these inscriptions were produced After all, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and presumably, along with the alphabet, they also adopted the then-current Phoenician practice with respect to the direction of text And although Phoenician writing was originally inconsistent in direction, by the eighth century B.C Phoenician was consistently written from right to left and had been for about two centuries In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? (A) The first and the second each describe evidence that has been used to challenge the position that the argument seeks to establish (B) The first is evidence that forms the basis for an objection to the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is that position (C) The first is evidence that forms the basis for an objection to the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a consideration that is introduced to counter the force of that evidence (D) The first and the second each provide evidence in support of the position that the argument seeks to establish (E) The first provides evidence in support of the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is that position Argument Evaluation Situation The oldest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet are from the eighth century B.C and run from both left to right and right to left Therefore, it is likely that the Greeks adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries before these inscriptions were made The Greeks adopted their alphabet from the Phoenicians, who wrote in both directions up until two centuries prior to the eighth century Reasoning What roles the twoboldfacedportionsplay in the argument? The conclusion of the argument is that the Greeks adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries before the oldest surviving Greek inscriptions were written in the eighth century B.C The first and second boldfaced portions work together to support this conclusion A B C D E The first and second portions are not used to challenge the position the argument seeks to establish, but to support it The first is evidence for the conclusion, not for an objection to it; the second is as well The first is evidence for the conclusion, not for an objection to it; the second is aswell Correct.This option correctly identifies the roles played by the boldfaced portions The second boldfaced portion is not the conclusion, but evidence for that conclusion The correct answer is D 615 The Official Guide for GMAT* Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 The following appeared in a memorandum written by the managing director of the Exeunt Theater Company: "Now that we have moved to a larger theater, we can expect to increase our revenues from ticket sales To further increase profits, we should start producing the plays that have been most successful when they were performed in our nation's largestcities In addition, we should hire the Adlib Theater Company's director of fund-raising, since corporate contributions to Adlib haveincreased significantly over the three years that she has worked for Adlib." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared in a memorandum from the human resources department of HomeStyle, a house remodeling business: "This year, despite HomeStyle's move to new office space, we have seen a decline in both company morale and productivity, and a corresponding increase in administrative costs To rectify these problems, we should begin using a newly developed software package for performance appraisal and feedback Managers will save time by simply choosing comments from a preexisting list; then the software will automatically generate feedback for the employee The human resources department at CounterBalance, the manufacturer of the countertops we install, reports satisfaction with the package." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine: "The country of Oleum can best solve the problem of its balance-of-trade deficit by further increasing the tax on its major import, crude oil After Oleum increased the tax on imported crude oil four months ago, consumption of gasoline declined by 20 percent Therefore, by imposing a second and significantly higher tax.increase next year, Oleum will dramatically decrease its balance of trade deficit." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea investment firm: "In recent years the worldwide demand for fish has grown, and improvements in fishing technology have made larger catches, and thus increased supply, possible: for example, last year's tuna catchwas percent greater than the previous year's To capitalize on these trends, we should therefore investinthe newtartfish processing plant on Tartfish Island, where increasing revenues from tourism indicate a strong local economy." Discuss how well reasoned etc 826 11.6 AnalyticalWriting Assessment Analysis of an Argument Sample Topics QQ:1014347461 The following appeared in a speech by a stockholder of Consolidated Industries at the company's annual stockholders' meeting: "In the computer hardware division last year, profits fell significantly below projections, the product line decreased from 20 to only items, and expenditures for employee benefits increased by 15 percent Nevertheless, Consolidated's board of directors has approved an annual salary of morethan $1 million for our company's chief executive officer The present board members should be replaced because they are unconcerned about the increasing costs of employee benefits and salaries, in spite of the company's problems generating income." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared in a memorandum from the business planning department of Avia Airlines: "Of all the cities in their region, Beaumont and Fletcher are showing the fastest growth in the number of new businesses Therefore, Avia should establish a commuter route between them as a means of countering recent losses on its main passenger routes And to make the commuter route more profitable from the outset, Avia should offer a 1/3 discount on tickets purchased within two days of the flight Unlike tickets bought earlier, discount tickets will be nonrefundable, and so gain from their sale will be greater." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared in a memorandum from the vice president of Gigantis, a development company that builds and leases retail store facilities: "Nationwide over the past five years, sales have increased significantly at outlet stores that deal exclusively in reduced-price merchandise Therefore, we should publicize the new mall that we are building at Pleasantville as a central location for outlet shopping and rent store space only to outlet companies By taking advantage of the success of outlet stores, this plan should help ensure full occupancy of the mall and enable us to recover quickly the costs of buildingthe mall." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared in a memorandum written by the chair of the music department to the president of Omega University: "Mental health experts have observed that symptoms of mental illness are less pronounced in many patients after group music-therapy sessions, and job openings in the music-therapy field have increased during the past year Consequently, graduates from our degree program for music therapists should have no trouble finding good positions To help improve the financial status of Omega University, we should therefore expand our music-therapy degree program by increasing its enrollment targets." Discuss how well reasoned etc 827 The Official Guide for GMAT* Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 The following appeared in a memorandum to the work-group supervisors of the GBS Company: "The CoffeeCart beverage and food service located in the lobby of our main office building is not earning enough in sales to cover its costs, and so the cart may discontinue operating at GBS: Given the low staff morale, as evidenced by the increase in the number of employees leaving the company, the loss of this service could present a problem, especially since the staff morale questionnaire showed widespread dissatisfaction with the snack machines Therefore, supervisors should remind the employees in their group to patronize the cart—after all, it was leased for their convenience so that they would not have to walk over to the cafeteria on breaks." Discuss how well reasoned etc The following appeared as part of an article in a trade magazine: : ' "During a recent trial period in which government inspections at selected meat-processing plants were more frequent, the amount of bacteria insamples of processed chicken decreased by 50 percent on average from the previous year's level If the government were to institute more frequent inspections, the incidence of stomach and intestinal infections throughoutthe country could thus be cut in half In the meantime, consumers of Excel Meats should be safe from infection because>Excel's main processing plant has shown more improvement in eliminating bacterial contamination than any other plant cited in the government report." Discuss how well reasoned etc 828 QQ:1014347461 Appendix A Percentile Ranking Tables 829 The Official Guide for GMAT® Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 Verbal and Quantitative scores range from to 60 Verbal scores below and above 44 and Quantitative scores below and above 50 are rare Verbal and Quantitative scores measure different skills and cannot be compared with one another Verbal Score Quantitative Score Percentage Ranking* Percentage Ranking* Score 99% -45-51 98% •51 97% - -44 92% 95% —— — 42-43 -41 50 •49 76% - 47 46 •45 92% -40 -39 -38 73% 71% - -37 66%- 79% 74% -36 -35 64% - 69% -34 59% - -32 57% 55% 50% - -31 48% - -30 -29 46% - -33 58% 56% 53% 48% -28 43% 43% 42% - 27.8—Mean Score 38% 36% - 40% — 26 35% -25 33% 29% -24 34% • 31% -23 27% - •44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 36.6—Mean — 36 -34 -33 -32 -31 27% -22 26% - — 30 23% 20% -21 23% - — 29 -20 16% -19 — 27 15% -18 21% 18% 17%- 12% -17 14% - — 25 10% 8% -16 -15 13% - 12% -24 -23 7% -14 10% 9%- — 21 -13 -12 — 28 — 26 — 22 8%- — 20 — 19 -9-10 7%6%- — 7-8 5%- — 4%3%^2%1%- 3% -11 2% 1% 0% SampleSize:787,205 Standard Deviation: 9.07 Score -35 — 18 — 17 — 14-16 — 13 — 10-12 — 7-9 0% Sample Size: 787,205 Standard Deviation: 10.83 Percentage Ranking indicates the percentage ofthe test-taking population that scored below a given numerical score 830 Appendix A Percentile Ranking Tables QQ:1014347461 YourTotal score is based on your performance in the Verbal and Quantitative sections and ranges from 200 to 800 About two-thirds of test-takers score between 400 and 600 Analytical Writing Assessmentscores range from to and represent the average of two independent ratings If the independent scores vary by more than a point, a third reader adjudicates, but because of ongoing training and monitoring, discrepancies are rare Total Score Percentage Ranking* 99% 98% 97% 96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 85% 84% 81% 79% 74% 73% 70% 67% 63% 60% 57% 54% 51% 48% 45% ocore — 760-800 -750 YourAnalytical Writing Assessment score is computed and reported separately from the other sections of the test and has no effect on your Verbal, Quantitative, or Total scores — 740 — 730 — — — — — 720 710 700 690 680 Analytical Writing Assessment Score — 670 — 660 Percentage Ranking* Score — 650 -640 91% — 630 — 620 77% 57% 5.5 — 610 36% -590 -580 -570 40% — 530 -520 36% 34% -510 •500 31% •490 29% •480 26% -470 -460 23% 21% 19% 17% •420 •410 •400 •390 380 •370 •360 340-350 330 320 10% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 3.5 2.5 0.5-2 Sample Size: 787,205 Standard Deviation: 1.17 -450 •440 •430 14% 11% 4% 3% 0% 4.4—Mean Score Score 16% 13% 4.5 r: 20% 10% 6% -560 — 550 542.0— Mean 39% 38% -600 290-310 260-280 220-250 •200-210 Sample Size: 787,205 Standard Deviation: 120.54 'Percentage Ranking indicates the percentage ofthe test-taking population that scored below a given numerical score 831 QQ:1014347461 Appendix B Answer Sheets 832 Appendix B Answer Sheets QQ:1014347461 Diagnostic Answer Diagnostic Answer Sheet - Quantitative Sheet - Verbal 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 10 36 10 36 11 37 11 37 12 38 12 38 13 39 13 39 14 40 14 40 15 41 15 41 16 42 16 42 17 43 17 43 18 44 18 44 19 45 19 45 20 46 20 46 21 47 21 47 22 48 22 48 23 23 49 24 24 50 25 25 51 26 26 52 833 The Official Guide for GMAT8 Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 Problem Solving Answer Sheet 834 32 63 94 125 156 187 218, 33 64 95 126 157 188 219, 34 65 96 127 158 189 220 35 66 97 128 159 190 221, 36 67 98 129 160 191 222 37 68 99 130 161 192 223 38 69 100 131 162 193 224 39 70 101 132 163 194 225 40 71 102 133 164 195 226 10 41 72 103 134 165 196 227 11 42 73 104 135 166 197 228 12 43 74 105 136 167 198 229 13 44 75 106 137 168 199 230 14 45 76 107 138 169 200 15 46 77 108 139 170 201 16 47 78 109 140 171 202 17 48 79 110 141 172 203 18 49 80 111 142 173 204 19 50 81 112 143 174 205 20 51 82 113 144 175 206 21 52 83 114 145 176 207 22 53 84 115 146 177 208 23 54 85 116 147 178 209 24 55 86 117 148 179 210 25 56 87 118 149 180 211 26 57 88 119 150 181 212 27 58 89 120 151 182 213 28 59 90 121 152 183 214 29 60 91 122 153 184 215 30 61 92 123 154 185 216 31 62 93 124 155 186 217 QQ:1014347461 Appendix B Answer Sheets Data Sufficiency Answer Sheet 36 71 106 141 37 72 107 142 38 73 108 143 39 74 109 144 40 75 110 145 41 76 111 146 42 77 112 147 43 78 113 148 44 79 114 149 10 45 80 115 150 11 46 81 116 151 12 47 82 117 152 13 48 83 118 153 14 49 84 119 154 15 50 85 120 155 16 51 86 121 156 17 52 87 122 157 18 53 88 123 158 19 54 89 124 159 20 55 90 125 160 21 56 91 126 161 22 57 92 127 162 23 58 93 128 163 24 59 94 129 164 25 60 95 130 165 26 61 96 131 166 27 62 97 132 167 28 63 98 133 168 29 64 99 134 169 30 65 100 135 170 31 66 101 136 171 32 67 102 137 172 33 68 103 138 173 34 69 104 139 174 35 70 105 140 835 The Official Guide for GMAT* Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 Reading Comprehension Answer Sheet 836 32 63 94 125, 33 64 95 126, 34 65 96 127, 35 66 97 128, 36 67 98 129 37 68 99 130, 38 69 100 131, 39 70 101 132, 40 71 102 133 10 41 72 103 134 11 42 73 104 135 12 43 74 105 136, 13 44 75 106 137 14 45 76 107 138 15 46 77 108 139 16 47 78 109 17 48 79 110 18 49 80 111 19 50 81 112 20 51 82 113 21 52 83 114 22 53 84 115 23 54 85 116 24 55 86 117 25 56 87 118 26 57 88 119 27 58 89 120 28 59 90 121 29 60 91 122 30 61 92 123 31 62 93 124 • Appendix B Answer Sheets QQ:1014347461 Critical Reasoning Answer Sheet 32 63 94 33 64 95 34 65 96 35 66 97 36 67 98 37 68 99 38 69 100 39 70 101 40 71 102 10 41 72 103 11 42 73 104 12 43 74 105 13 44 75 106 14 45 76 107 15 46 77 108 16 47 78 109 17 48 79 110 18 49 80 111 19 50 81 112 20 51 82 113 21 52 83 114 22 53 84 115 23 54 85 116 24 55 86 117 25 56 87 118 26 57 88 119 27 58 89 120 28 59 90 121 29 60 91 122 30 61 92 123 31 62 93 124 837 The Official Guide for GMAT* Review 13th Edition QQ:1014347461 Sentence Correction Answer Sheet 838 32 63 94 125 33 64 95 126, 34 65 96 127, 35 66 97 128, 36 67 98 129 37 68 99 130 38 69 100 131 39 70 101 132 40 71 102 133 10 41 72 103 134 11 42 73 104 135 12 43 74 105 136 13 44 75 106 137 14 45 76 107 138 15 46 77 108 139 16 47 78 109 140 17 48 79 110 18 49 80 111 19 50 81 112 20 51 82 113 21 52 83 114 22 53 84 115 23 54 85 116 24 55 86 117 25 56 87 118 26 57 88 119 27 58 89 120 28 59 90 121 29 60 91 122 30 61 92 123 31 62 93 124 Appendix B Answer Sheets QQ:1014347461 Integrated Reasoning Answer Sheet 1A 11A 21A 31A 42A IB 11B 21B 31B 42B 1C lie 21C 2A 12 43A 32B 43B 33A 44A, 33B 44B, 23B 34A 45A, 23C 34B 22A 22B 2B 2C 32A 13A 22C 13B 13C 4A 14A 4B 14B 4C 14C 5A 15 23A 24A 35A 46A, 24B 35B 46B, 36A 47A 36B 47B, 37A 48A, 37B, 48B, 38A 49A, 38B 49B, , 3?A 50A, 39B 50B, 24C 5B 5C 16A 25A 16B 25B 16C 26A 7A 17A 7B 17B 7C 17C 45B, 26B 27A * 27B 8A 18 ., 28A 8B 8C 19A 28B 19B 19C 40A 29A 40B 29B 10A 20A 10B 20B 30A IOC 20C 30B 41A 41B 839 Study Aids/GMAT QQ:1014347461 TRUST THE WORLDWIDE BESTSELLING STUDY GUIDE TO HELP YOU PREPARE FORTHE GMAT! THE OFFICIAL GUIDE FOR GMATREVIEW 13th EDITION Here's what you'll find inside the only book on the market written by GMAC, the creators of the exam • Full answers and detailed explanations for practice questions • Grammar review covering concepts tested in the GMAT Verbal section • Comprehensive math review of the topics tested in the GMAT Quantitative section Actual essay topics, sample responses, and scoring information • Questions organized in order of difficulty to save study time Visit mba.com to join the community and enjoy these benefits: • Sign up for GMASS® Search Service to be contacted by schools • Download FREE GMATPrep software that includes full-length practice tests and review questions • Register to take the GMAT exam ã Connect with us at facebook.com/OfficialGMAT and âOfficioIGMAT on Twitter for free test questions, tips, and advice To use the Integrated Reasoning companion website, you must have one of the following browsers: Safari, Google Chrome, Firefox, or Internet Explorer version or higher GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL Also available as an e-book ... success), then all the more reason to survey potential buyers rather than the managers The correct answer is D 625 The Official Guide for GMAT? ? Review 13th Edition QQ:10 143 4 746 1 87 In the United... show that the first is accurate Rather, the argument assumes that the first portion is accurate The correct answer is D 617 The Official Guide for GMAT? ? Review 13th Edition QQ:10 143 4 746 1 79 When... sponsorship for research The correct answer is D 629 The Official Guide for GMAT? ? Review 13th Edition QQ:10 143 4 746 1 91 Environmentalist: The commissioner of the Fish and Game Authority would have the