the variable costs per unit are at the high end of potential cost range.. Scenario analysis reflects the entire range of results that can be realized from a proposed investment project..
Trang 24. An analysis which combines scenario analysis with sensitivity analysis is called _ analysis.
Trang 37. The change in revenue that occurs when one more unit of output is sold is called the _ revenue.
Trang 410. The sales level that results in a project's net present value exactly equaling zero is called the _ breakeven.
Trang 513. The procedure of allocating a fixed amount of funds for capital spending to each business unit is called:
Trang 616. Jennie is fairly cautious when considering new opportunities and therefore analyzes each project to determine the most optimistic, the most realistic, and the most pessimistic outcome that can reasonably be expected. Jennie is using:
B. the salvage value will be at the high end of its possible range
c. sales quantity will be at the low end of its range while the sales price is the highest price possible
d. the variable costs per unit are at the high end of potential cost range
e. fixed costs will become variable and decrease in dollar amount
Trang 822. Which one of the following statements concerning scenario analysis is correct?
a. The worst case scenario determines the maximum loss, in current dollars, that a firm could incur from a given project
b. Scenario analysis reflects the entire range of results that can be realized from a proposed investment project
c. Scenario analysis provides a clear signal to management to either accept or reject a
proposed project
D. Scenario analysis provides management with a glimpse of the possible range of outcomes that could be realized from a project
e. When the base case scenario results in a positive net present value, management can be assured the proposed project will meet or exceed their expectations
a. degree of operating leverage within the project
b. tradeoff of variable versus fixed costs utilized by the project
c. range of total outcomes possible from accepting a proposed project
d. contribution margin of the project at various levels of output
Trang 9c. expanding and contracting the number of years for a project to determine the optimal project length.
Trang 13The prices will apply only to units purchased in excess of those normally purchased by the customer.
The units purchased must be paid for in cash at the time of sale.
The total quantity sold under these terms cannot exceed the excess capacity of the firm. The net profit of the firm should not be affected either positively or negatively.
Trang 15I. The net income is equal to zero
II. The net present value is equal to zero
III. The quantity sold is equal to the total fixed costs plus depreciation divided by the contribution margin
Trang 1745. A project has a projected IRR of negative 100 percent. Which one of the following statements must also be true concerning this project?
Trang 2051. You are considering a project that you believe is quite risky. To reduce any potentially harmful results from accepting this project, you could:
a. hiring temporary workers from an employment agency rather than hiring parttime employees
B. subcontracting portions of the project rather than purchasing new equipment to do all the work inhouse
c. leasing equipment on a longterm basis rather than buying equipment
d. lowering the projected selling price per unit
e. changing the proposed production method to a more capital intensive method
Trang 21as a whole, Merkel Enterprises has a maximum of $12 million which can be spent for new projects next year. This is an example of:
Trang 2256. Treynor United has received requests for capital investment funds from each of their five divisions for next year. Senior management has decided to allocate the available funds based
Trang 2357. The CFO of Tried and True is continually receiving capital funding requests from divisionmanagers. These requests are seeking funding for positive net present value projects. The CFO continues to deny all funding requests due to the financial situation of the company. Apparently, the company is:
Trang 25percent. The sale price is estimated at $13 a unit, give or take 6 percent
Trang 2969. A project has earnings before interest and taxes of $6,500, fixed costs of $40,000, a sellingprice of $12 a unit, and a sales quantity of 10,000 units. Depreciation is $8,500. What is the variable cost per unit?
Trang 3071. A company is considering a project with a cash breakeven point of 14,500 units. The selling price is $14 a unit and the variable cost per unit is $8. What is the projected amount of fixed costs?
Trang 3173. Choice Coffee has computed their fixed costs to be $.20 for every cup of coffee they sell given an average daily sales level of 600 cups. They charge $1.65 per cup of coffee. The variable cost per cup is $.45. What is the contribution margin per cup of coffee sold?
Trang 3275. Your company is considering a new project with estimated depreciation of $630, fixed costs of $5,000, and total sales of $10,050. The variable cost per unit are estimated at $3.75. What is the accounting breakeven level of production?
Trang 3377. A project has an accounting breakeven point of 1,600 units. The fixed costs are $3,200 and the depreciation expense is $200. The projected variable cost per unit is $20.50. What is the projected sales price?
Trang 3479. The Baltimore Co. would like to add a new product to complete their lineup. They want toknow how many units they must sell to limit their potential loss to their initial investment. What is this quantity if their fixed costs are $14,000, the depreciation expense is $2,800, and the contribution margin is $1.25?
Trang 35$7.40. The company feels that they can realistically capture five percent of the 75,000 unit market for this product. Should the company develop the new product? Why or why not?
Trang 3683. ABC, Inc. is considering a project with a discounted payback just equal to the project's life. The projections include a sales price of $13, variable cost per unit of $10.50, and fixed costs of $5,000. The operating cash flow is $6,300. What is the breakeven quantity?
Trang 3785. The department manager has noted that every time the sales quantity increases by 6 percent for a particular project, the operating cash flow for the project increases by 9 percent. What is the degree of operating leverage for this project if the contribution margin is $2?
Trang 3887. Donald and Sons manage a product with a 3.0 degree of operating leverage. Sales of the product are expected to increase by 10 percent next year. What is the expected change in the operating cash flow for this product for next year?
The textbook defines operating leverage as "the degree to which a firm or project relies on fixed costs". The more capital intensive a firm becomes, the higher the firm's degree of operating leverage. The degree of operating leverage determines the percentage change in a firm's operating cash flow relative to the percentage change in sales quantity. Thus, capital intensive firms are more susceptible to forecasting risk
AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING
SECTION: 11.5
TOPIC: OPERATING LEVERAGE
Trang 39Forecasting risk, as defined by the textbook, is "the possibility that errors in projected cash flows will lead to incorrect decisions". For example, cash flows that are overly optimistic might result in a projected positive NPV and lead to project acceptance, when in reality, the project should have been rejected
Sometimes scenario analysis provides a fairly clear indicator that a project should be either accepted or rejected. Frequently however, no clear cut accept or reject decision is indicated. However, scenario analysis does provide managers with a general feel for the volatility and potential range of outcomes that might be realized if a project is accepted. This understanding helps managers decide whether or not a project is acceptable to their firm at a particular point
Trang 4092. Consider the following statement by a project analyst: "I analyzed a project using best case, worst case, and most expected case scenario analysis. I computed breakevens and degrees of operating leverage. I conducted sensitivity analysis and simulation analysis. I computed NPV, IRR, payback, AAR, and PI. In the end, I have over a hundred different estimates and am more confused than ever. I would have been better off just sticking with my first estimate and going with my gut feel." Critique this statement.
Project analysis, in all of its various forms, is designed to help project analysts ask the right questions and gain information regarding the potential range of outcomes, the volatility of those outcomes, and the pros and cons of a project. By conducting this analysis, the analyst gains a better understanding of the situation by asking the right questions. However, the final results of the analysis are subject to error especially if the cash flow forecasts are