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Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow Multiple Choice Questions 1. The financial statement summarizing the value of a firm's equity on a particular date is the: a. income statement B. balance sheet c. statement of cash flows d. cash flow statement e. dividend statement SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: BALANCE SHEET TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2. A current asset is best defined as: a. an asset, such as equipment, that is currently owned by a firm b. an asset the firm expects to own within the next year C. an asset which is expected to be converted into cash within the next year d. the amount of cash on hand the firm currently shows on its balance sheet e. the market value of the inventory currently owned by the firm SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: CURRENT ASSETS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 3. Net working capital is defined as: a. total liabilities minus shareholders' equity b. current liabilities minus shareholders' equity c. fixed assets minus longterm liabilities d. total assets minus total liabilities E. current assets minus current liabilities SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-1 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 4. A(n) asset is one which can be quickly converted into cash without significant loss in value. a. tangible b. fixed c. intangible D. liquid e. marketable SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: LIQUID ASSETS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 5. Financial leverage refers to the: A. use of debt in a firm's capital structure b. ratio of retained earnings to shareholders' equity c. ratio of paidin surplus to shareholders' equity d. ratio of sales to total assets e. ratio of current assets to longterm assets SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: FINANCIAL LEVERAGE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 6. The common set of standards and procedures by which audited financial statements are prepared is known as the: a. Matching principle b. Cash flow identity C. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) d. Financial Leverage Reporting Principles (FLRP) e. Standard Market Value Guidelines (SMVG) AACSB TOPIC: ETHICS SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: GAAP TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-2 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 7. The financial statement summarizing a firm's performance over a period of time is the: A. income statement b. balance sheet c. statement of cash flows d. tax reconciliation statement e. market value report SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: INCOME STATEMENT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 8. Noncash items refer to: a. the talents of the firm's employees which are not reflected in the financial statements b. the accounts payable of a firm c. the costs incurred for the purchase of intangible fixed assets D. expenses charged against revenues that do not directly affect cash flow e. sales which are made on credit SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: NONCASH ITEMS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 9. Your _ tax rate is the amount of tax payable on the next taxable dollar you earn. a. mean b. residual c. total d. average E. marginal SECTION: 2.3 TOPIC: MARGINAL TAX RATES TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-3 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 10. Your _ tax rate measures the total taxes you pay divided by your total taxable income. a. deductible b. residual c. total D. average e. marginal SECTION: 2.3 TOPIC: AVERAGE TAX RATES TYPE: DEFINITIONS 11. Which term relates to the cash flow which results from a firm's ongoing, normal business activities? A. operating cash flow b. capital spending c. net working capital d. cash flow from assets e. cash flow to creditors SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: DEFINITIONS 12. Which term refers to the net expenditures by a firm on fixed asset purchases? a. net new equity B. net capital spending c. net working capital d. cash flow from assets e. cash flow to creditors SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET CAPITAL SPENDING TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-4 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 13. The difference between a firm's current assets and its current liabilities is called: a. operating cash flow b. capital spending C. net working capital d. cash flow from assets e. cash flow to creditors SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: DEFINITIONS 14. The net total cash flow of a firm which is available for distribution to the firm's creditors and stockholders is called the: a. operating cash flow b. net capital spending c. net working capital D. cash flow from assets e. cash flow to stockholders SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW FROM ASSETS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 15. The cash flow related to interest payments less any net new borrowing is called the: a. operating cash flow b. capital spending c. net working capital d. cash flow from assets E. cash flow to creditors SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO CREDITORS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-5 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 16. Cash flow to stockholders is defined as the: a. total amount of interest and dividends paid during the past year b. change in total equity over the past year c. cash flow from assets plus the cash flow to creditors d. operating cash flow minus the cash flow to creditors E. dividend payments less any net new equity raised SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO STOCKHOLDERS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 17. Cash flow from assets is also known as the firm's: a. capital structure b. equity structure c. hidden cash flow D. free cash flow e. historical cash flow SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: FREE CASH FLOW TYPE: DEFINITIONS 18. Net income divided by the total number of outstanding shares is referred to as the: A. earnings per share b. profit margin c. return per share d. market earnings e. dividend per share SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: EARNINGS PER SHARE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 2-6 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 19. The dividend per share is the amount of: a. net income the firm earned per share during the period B. cash paid to investors on each share of outstanding stock c. cash the firm received from its operations divided by the number of shares outstanding d. interest paid during the period divided by the number of shares outstanding e. cash received for each share of stock sold during the period SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: DIVIDENDS PER SHARE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 20. A machine used to wrap a product for shipment to a customer is classified as: a. a current asset b. an intangible asset c. net working capital D. a tangible asset e. an inventory item SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: TANGIBLE ASSET TYPE: CONCEPTS 21. Which of the following are included in current assets? I. retained earnings II. inventory III. accounts payable IV. cash A. II and IV only b. I and III only c. I, II, and IV only d. III and IV only e. II, III, and IV only SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: CURRENT ASSETS TYPE: CONCEPTS 2-7 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 22. Which one of the following represents a portion of a firm's value but yet is excluded from the assets appearing on a balance sheet? a. excess cash placed in an investment account B. good reputation of the company c. equipment owned by the firm d. money due from a customer e. an item held by the firm for future sale SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: BALANCE SHEET ASSETS TYPE: CONCEPTS 23. Which of the following are included in current liabilities? I. note payable to a supplier in eight months II. amount due from a customer next month III. account payable to a supplier that is due next week IV. loan payable to the bank in fourteen months A. I and III only b. II and III only c. III and IV only d. II, III, and IV only e. I, II, and III only SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: CURRENT LIABILITIES TYPE: CONCEPTS 24. Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct? a. Net working capital is positive when current liabilities exceed current assets b. Net working capital includes cash, accounts receivables, equipment, and accounts payable C. Inventory is a part of net working capital d. The change in net working capital is equal to the beginning net working capital minus the ending net working capital e. Net working capital is equal to total assets minus current liabilities SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: CONCEPTS 2-8 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 25. Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct? a. The lower the net working capital the greater the ability of a firm to meet its current obligations b. The change in net working capital is equal to current assets minus current liabilities C. A decrease in accounts payable increases net working capital, all else constant d. Net working capital is equal to longterm assets minus longterm liabilities e. Net working capital is a part of the operating cash flow SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: CONCEPTS 26. Which one of the following accounts is the most liquid? a. inventory b. building c. accounts receivable d. equipment E. cash SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: LIQUIDITY TYPE: CONCEPTS 27. Which one of the following statements concerning liquidity is correct? a. If you can sell an asset today, it is a liquid asset b. If you can sell an asset within the next twelve months it is considered highly liquid c. Inventory is more liquid than accounts receivable d. Balance sheet accounts are listed in order of ascending liquidity E. An asset must be sellable quickly at full value to be considered liquid SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: LIQUIDITY TYPE: CONCEPTS 2-9 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 28. Liquidity is: a. equal to net working capital b. another term for current assets c. equal to the market value of a firm's total assets minus its current liabilities D. valuable to a firm even though holding liquid assets is not very profitable e. generally associated with intangible assets SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: LIQUIDITY TYPE: CONCEPTS 29. Which of the following accounts are included in shareholders' equity? I. retained earnings II. patents and copyrights III. paidin surplus IV. notes payable a. I and II only b. II and IV only c. I and IV only d. II and III only E. I and III only SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY TYPE: CONCEPTS 30. Shareholders' equity: a. increases anytime total assets increases b. is equal to total assets plus total liabilities c. decreases whenever new shares of stock are issued d. includes longterm debt, preferred stock, and common stock E. represents the residual value of a firm SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY TYPE: CONCEPTS 2-10 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 68. What is the amount of the noncash expenses for 2007? a. $210 b. $467 c. $1,333 D. $1,509 e. $1,719 The noncash expense is the depreciation in the amount of $1,509 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NONCASH EXPENSES TYPE: PROBLEMS 69. What is the amount of the net capital spending for 2007? a. $780 B. $2,238 c. $2,918 d. $3,747 e. $3,841 Net capital spending = $6,342 $5,613 + $1,509 = $2,238 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET CAPITAL SPENDING TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-28 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 70. What is the operating cash flow for 2007? a. $1,847 B. $2,900 c. $3,308 d. $3,536 e. $4,172 Operating cash flow = $2,027 + $1,509 $636 = $2,900 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-29 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 71. What is the cash flow from assets for 2007? A. $109 b. $247 c. $508 d. $967 e. $1,215 Cash flow from assets = $2,900 $553 $2,238 = $109 (See questions 67, 69, and 70.) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW FROM ASSETS TYPE: PROBLEMS 72. What is the amount of net new borrowing for 2007? a. $540 B. $300 c. $0 d. $300 e. $540 Net new borrowing = $3,100 $3,400 = $300 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET NEW BORROWING TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-30 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 73. What is the cash flow to creditors for 2007? a. $353 b. $210 c. $300 D. $510 e. $647 Cash flow to creditors = $210 ( $300) = $510 (See question 72.) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO CREDITORS TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-31 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 74. What is the amount of dividends paid in 2007? a. $0 b. $217 C. $349 d. $2,013 e. $2,357 Dividends paid = $1,181 ($2,272 $1,440) = $349 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: DIVIDENDS PAID TYPE: PROBLEMS 75. What is the cash flow to stockholders for 2007? a. $582 B. $401 c. $87 d. $1,099 e. $2,013 Cash flow to stockholders = $349 ($3,250 $2,500) = $401 (See question 74.) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO STOCKHOLDERS TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-32 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 76. What is the net working capital for 2007? a. $26 b. $225 c. $262 D. $434 e. $643 Net working capital = $63 + $172 + $408 $209 = $434 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-33 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 77. What is the change in net working capital from 2006 to 2007? a. $65 B. $70 c. $135 d. $140 e. $275 Change in net working capital = ($63 + $172 + $408 $209) ($56 + $157 + $326 $175) = $70 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CHANGE IN NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: PROBLEMS 78. What is the net capital spending for 2007? A. $260 b. $434 c. $580 d. $869 e. $1,022 Net capital spending = $641 $609 + $228 = $260 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET CAPITAL SPENDING TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-34 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 79. What is the operating cash flow for 2007? a. $226 b. $367 C. $541 d. $682 e. $823 Earnings before interest and taxes = $1,418 $736 $228 = $454; Taxable income = $454 $38 = $416; Taxes = .34($416) = $141 (Rounded); Operating cash flow = $454 + $228 $141 = $541 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: PROBLEMS 80. What is the cash flow from assets for 2007? A. $211 b. $281 c. $293 d. $801 e. $871 Cash flow from assets = $541 $70 $260 = $211 (See problems 77 to 79) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW FROM ASSETS TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-35 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 81. What is net new borrowing for 2007? a. $46 B. $39 c. $0 d. $39 e. $46 Net new borrowing = $417 $456 = $39 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: NET NEW BORROWING TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-36 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 82. What is the cash flow to creditors for 2007? a. $1 b. $5 c. $34 d. $56 E. $77 Cash flow to creditors = $38 ( $39) = $77 (See problem 81.) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO CREDITORS TYPE: PROBLEMS 83. What is the cash flow to stockholders for 2007? a. $72 B. $134 c. $209 d. $288 e. $315 Cash flow to stockholders = $211 $77 = $134 (See problems 80 and 82) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO STOCKHOLDERS TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-37 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 84. What is the taxable income for 2007? a. $209 b. $389 c. $554 D. $920 e. $1,019 Net income = $228 + $370 = $598; Taxable income = $598 (1 .35) = $920 AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: TAXABLE INCOME TYPE: PROBLEMS 85. What is the operating cash flow for 2007? A. $1,677 b. $1,741 c. $1,999 d. $2,212 e. $2,321 Earnings before interest and taxes = $920 + $187 = $1,107 (See problem 84); Operating cash flow = $1,107 + $892 .35($920) = $1,677 (See problem 84) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-38 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 86. What are the sales for 2007? a. $2,321 b. $3,419 c. $4,311 D. $5,418 e. $6,632 Sales = $1,107 + $892 + $3,419 = $5,418 (See problem 85) AACSB TOPIC: ANALYTIC SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: SALES TYPE: PROBLEMS 2-39 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow Essay Questions 87. What is a liquid asset and why is it necessary for a firm to maintain a reasonable level of liquid assets? Liquid assets are those that can be sold quickly with little or no loss in value. A firm that has sufficient liquidity will be less likely to experience financial distress AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: LIQUID ASSETS 88. Why is interest expense excluded from the operating cash flow calculation? Operating cash flow is the cash flow a firm generates from its daytoday operating activities. Interest expense arises out of a financing choice and is part of the cash flow to creditors AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW 89. Explain the effects depreciation has on both the cash flows and the income statements of a firm. Depreciation reduces both the taxable and net income of a firm as reflected on the income statements. While depreciation itself is a noncash expense it does affect the cash flows indirectly by reducing the cash outflow for taxes AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.2 TOPIC: CASH FLOW AND ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS 2-40 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 90. Discuss the difference between book values and market values on the balance sheet and explain which is more important to the financial manager and why. The accounts on the balance sheet are generally carried at historical cost, not market values. Although the book value of the current assets and the liabilities may closely approximate market values, the same cannot be said for the rest of the balance sheet accounts. Market values are more relevant as they reflect today's value of an item whereas the balance sheet reflects historical costs as adjusted by accounting methods. In addition, the financial manager should focus on the firm's stock price, which is a market value measure. Hence, market values are more meaningful than book values for a variety of reasons AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.1 TOPIC: BOOK VALUE AND MARKET VALUE 91. Explain how a tax cut enacted by Congress will affect the cash flows of a firm. Assuming that a firm has taxable income and pays taxes, the operating cash flows will vary indirectly with a change in the tax rate. For example, assume the tax rate is lowered. This will lower the tax payment which is a cash outflow and will thereby increase the operating cash flow along with the cash flow from assets. This increase can then be passed to either, or both, cash flow to creditors and/or cash flow to stockholders AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW 2-41 Chapter 002 Financial Statements, Taxes and Cash Flow 92. Sometimes when businesses are critically delinquent on their tax liabilities, the tax authority comes in and literally seizes the business by chasing all of the employees out of the building and changing the locks. What does this tell you about the importance of taxes relative to our discussion of cash flow? Taxes must be paid in cash. If a firm is sufficiently delinquent in their tax payments, the firm can be confiscated by the taxing authority. Should such a confiscation occur, even if on a temporary basis, the reputation of the firm may be irreparably harmed. If the owners cannot raise sufficient capital to pay the tax amount due, the firm can be permanently shut down. Thus, firms need to maintain an ample cash flow such that all obligations are paid in a timely manner and events, such as a tax seizure, are avoided AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: TAX LIABILITIES AND CASH FLOW 93. Interpret in words, what cash flow from assets represents by discussing operating cash flow, changes in net working capital, and additions to fixed assets. Operating cash flow is the cash flow a firm generates from its daytoday operations. In other words, it is the cash inflow generated as a result of putting the firm's assets to work. Changes in net working capital and fixed assets represent investments a firm makes in these assets. That is, a firm typically takes some of the cash flow it generates from using assets and reinvests it in new assets. Cash flow from assets, then, is the cash flow a firm generates by employing its assets, net of any fixed asset or net working capital acquisitions AACSB TOPIC: REFLECTIVE THINKING SECTION: 2.4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW FROM ASSETS 2-42 ... II. amount due from a customer next month III. account payable to a supplier that is due next week IV. loan payable to the bank in fourteen months A. I and III only b. II and III only c. III and IV only d. II, III, and IV only