principles of anatomy and physiology 14th edition tortora test bank

a plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm b plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus c plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles d plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus e plasma membrane, cytosol,

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Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: PAP 14

Chapter Number: 03

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?

a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm

b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus

c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles

d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.1 Name and describe the three main parts of a cell

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.1 Parts of a Cell

Question type: Essay

2) Briefly describe the fluid mosaic model

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition Tortora Test Bank

(This is completed downloadable package TEST BANK for Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition by Gerard J Tortora , Bryan H Derrickson)

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Solution: The fluid mosaic model states that the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid lipids containing a mosaic of many different proteins

3) The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are

a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water

b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids

c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids

d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids

e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane

Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane

4) What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?

a) phosphate-containing head groups

b) fatty acid tail groups

c) Both the head and tail groups are nonpolar

d) Neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium

5) The polar portion of a cholesterol molecule, which forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads

of neighboring phospholipids and glycolipids, consists of a

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Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard

6) This type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid

7) Describe five different functions of integral membrane proteins

Answer:

Difficulty: Hard

Solution: Some membrane proteins act as ion channels or carriers that transport substances across the membrane Other membrane proteins act as receptors that allow the cell to respond to various types of ligands Other membrane proteins are enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions Still other membrane proteins act as linker proteins that anchor cells to neighboring structures including other cells Lastly, some membrane proteins serve as cell identity molecules

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8) This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner

or outer surface of their plasma membrane

9) Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to hormones and neurotransmitters?

10) This type of membrane protein anchors cells to neighboring cells and to protein filaments found outside or inside the cell

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Difficulty: Easy

11) Plasma membranes are _, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not

Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the plasma membrane structural and functional properties

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane

12) Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane?

a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane

b) mass of the diffusing chemical

c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse

d) amount of ATP available

13) Briefly describe the driving force for the movement of water across plasma membranes

Answer:

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Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane

Solution: Water moves across membranes by osmosis, which is driven by solute concentration differences across the membrane Water moves from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high solute concentrations

14) This is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content

15) This is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane a) osmosis

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16) In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane

17) In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients

a) primary active transport

b) secondary active transport

18) If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis

a) into the cell

b) out of the cell

c) into and out of the cell at the same rate resulting in no net water movement

d) All of these answer choices are correct

e) None of these answers are correct

Answer: a

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Difficulty: Hard

19) What transport process uses the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?

a) primary active transport

b) secondary active transport

20) Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid?

21) Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take

up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?

a) endocytosis

b) exocytosis

c) facilitated diffusion

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22) List the steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Solution: The steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis include 1)ligand binding, 2)vesicle formation, 3)uncoating of the vesicle, 4)fusion of the vesicle with endosome, 5)recycling of

receptors to the plasma membrane, and 6)degradation of the ligand in the lysosome

23) During phagocytosis, binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of _, which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome

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24) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol?

a) primarily consists of water

b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins

c) site of many important chemical reactions

d) often contains aggregates of triglycerides that form lipid droplets

e) contains the enzymes of glycolysis

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm

25) Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction are called

26) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell’s a) cytoskeleton

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Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and

organelles

27) This cellular organelle is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material

28) Spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a _, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte

29) Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum

b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c) nucleus

d) centrosome

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30) Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?

31) Briefly state the functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer:

Difficulty: Hard

organelles

Solution: The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes glycoproteins, phospholipids and digestive enzymes that are transferred to other cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane,

secreted during exocytosis or stored in the lysosomes The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, detoxifies harmful substances, removes phosphate groups from glucose-6-phosphate, and stores and releases calcium ions that trigger contractions in muscle fibers

32) Briefly describe how proteins move through the Golgi complex

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Answer:

Difficulty: Hard

organelles

Solution: Proteins are packaged into transport vesicles by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

membrane These vesicles enter on the (cis) face of the Golgi complex, and the proteins move through the cisternae, from (cis) face through to exit (trans) face Proteins will leave from the (trans) face of the Golgi complex in vesicles that will deliver the protein to plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, or to other organelles in the cell

33) Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in

detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

34) Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles can engulf a worn-out organelle, digest its chemical components, and recycle those digested components?

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Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles

35) The major function of mitochondria is to

a) move the cell

36) Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus?

Study Objective 1: SO 3.5 Describe the structure and function of the nucleus

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.5 Nucleus

37) What is the major function of histones?

a) needed for helix formation of the DNA

b) add negative charge to the DNA

c) help organize coiling and folding of the DNA

d) degrade faulty proteins in the nucleus

e) catalyze methylation of the DNA

Answer: c

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Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.5 Describe the structure and function of the nucleus

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.5 Nucleus

38) Briefly explain the difference between transcription and translation

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 3.6 Describe the sequence of events in protein synthesis

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.6 Protein Synthesis

Solution: Transcription is making mRNA from DNA and it occurs in the nucleus, while translation

is making a protein from the information in mRNA and happens in the cytosol of the cell

39) This portion of a DNA segment does not code for a protein

40) Briefly describe alternative splicing

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

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Solution: Alternative splicing of mRNA is a process in which the pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene is spliced in different ways to produce several different mRNAs The different mRNAs are used to make different proteins

41) Define homologous chromosomes

Answer:

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 3.7 Understand the events and processes involved in cell division

Study Objective 2: SO 3.7.1 Discuss the stages, events, and significance of somatic and

reproductive cell division

Section Reference 1: Sec 3.7 Cell Division

Solution: Homologous chromosomes contain similar genes arranged in the same (or almost the same) order

42) During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins

Study Objective 1: SO 3.7 Understand the events and processes involved in cell division

Study Objective 2: SO 3.7.1 Discuss the stages, events, and significance of somatic and

reproductive cell division

43) During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase

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44) In the diagram, which organelle is responsible for autophagy and autolysis?

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45) In the diagram, which organelle is used to modify, sort and transport proteins?

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46) In the diagram, which organelle aids movement of the cell?

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