The handbook of political sociology

P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 21:34 This page intentionally left blank P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 21:34 The handbook of political sociology Written by a distinguished group of leading scholars, The Handbook of Political Sociology provides the first complete survey of the vibrant field of political sociology Part I begins by exploring the theories of political sociology Part II focuses on the formation, transitions, and regime structure of the state Part III takes up various aspects of the state that respond to pressures from civil society, including welfare, gender, and military policies Part IV examines globalization The handbook is dedicated to the memory of coeditor Robert Alford Thomas Janoski is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Kentucky He has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and at Duke University He is the author of Citizenship and Civil Society and The Political Economy of Unemployment, which in 1992 won the political sociology section of ASA’s Distinguished Contribution to Scholarship Award Professor Janoski has published articles in journals such as Social Forces and Comparative Social Research as well as in edited books He is currently completing a book called The Ironies of Citizenship Robert R Alford, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, City University of New York - Graduate Center, was a respected scholar of political sociology and a dedicated teacher At the time of his death he was working with a former student on the development of a new theory of misinformation This book is dedicated to his memory; the preface details his remarkable life Alexander M Hicks is Professor of Sociology at Emory University His articles have appeared in leading sociology and political science journals, including American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, and American Political Science Review Since 2001 he has served on the editorial board for the American Sociological Review and as inaugural coeditor of the Socioeconomic Review Professor Hicks’s publications include The Political Economy of the Welfare State (coauthored with Thomas Janoski) and Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism, for which he won the Luebbert Award in the Comparative Politics section of the American Political Science Association for best book on comparative politics in 1998–1999 Mildred A Schwartz is Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Visiting Scholar in the Department of Sociology at New York University In 2004 she received a citation for Distinguished Scholarship in Canadian Studies from the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States Professor Schwartz is the author or coauthor of eight previous books, including The Party Network and Politics and Territory, which, twenty-five years after publication, became the theme of a conference and a later Festschrift, Regionalism and Political Parties, edited by Lisa Young and Keith Archer She has published articles on the subject of political science and public policy, many as chapters in edited volumes i P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 ii 21:34 P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 21:34 The Handbook of Political Sociology states, civil societies, and globalization Edited by THOMAS JANOSKI University of Kentucky ROBERT R ALFORD ALEXANDER M HICKS Emory University MILDRED A SCHWARTZ University of Illinois, Chicago iii cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521819909 © Cambridge University Press 2005 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published in print format 2005 isbn-13 isbn-10 978-0-511-12505-8 eBook (EBL) 0-511-12505-4 eBook (EBL) isbn-13 isbn-10 978-0-521-81990-9 hardback 0-521-81990-3 hardback isbn-13 isbn-10 978-0-521-52620-3 paperback 0-521-52620-5 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 21:34 in memory of Robert Alford — A political sociologist of world renown and friend v P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 vi 21:34 P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 April 26, 2005 21:34 Contents Preface Contributors page xi xv Political Sociology in the New Millenium Alexander M Hicks, Thomas Janoski, and Mildred A Schwartz PART I: THEORIES OF POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY Rulemaking, Rulebreaking, and Power Frances Fox Piven and Richard A Cloward 33 Neopluralism and Neofunctionalism in Political Sociology Alexander M Hicks and Frank J Lechner 54 Conflict Theories in Political Sociology Axel van den Berg and Thomas Janoski 72 Institutionalist and State-Centric Theories of Political Sociology Edwin Amenta 96 Culture, Knowledge, and Politics James Jasper 115 Feminist Theorizing and Feminisms in Political Sociology Barbara Hobson 135 ˇ zek The Linguistic Turn: Foucault, Laclau, Mouffe, and Ziˇ Jacob Torfing 153 Rational-Choice Theories in Political Sociology Edgar Kiser and Shawn Bauldry 172 Theories of Race and the State David R James and Kent Redding 187 vii P1: KMX 0521819903agg.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 viii April 26, 2005 21:34 Contents PART II: CIVIL SOCIETY: THE ROOTS AND PROCESSES OF POLITICAL ACTION 10 Money, Participation, and Votes: Social Cleavages and Electoral Politics Jeffrey Manza, Clem Brooks, and Michael Sauder 201 11 Public Opinion, Political Attitudes, and Ideology David L Weakliem 227 12 Nationalism in Comparative Perspective Liah Greenfeld and Jonathan R Eastwood 247 13 Political Parties: Social Bases, Organization, and Environment Mildred A Schwartz and Kay Lawson 266 14 Organized Interest Groups and Policy Networks Francisco J Granados and David Knoke 287 15 Corporate Control, Interfirm Relations, and Corporate Power Mark S Mizruchi and Deborah M Bey 310 16 Social Movements and Social Change J Craig Jenkins and William Form 331 17 Toward a Political Sociology of the News Media Michael Schudson and Silvio Waisbord 350 PART III: THE STATE AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS 18 State Formation and State Building in Europe Thomas Ertman 367 19 Transitions to Democracy John Markoff 384 20 Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements Jeffrey Goodwin 404 21 Regimes and Contention Charles Tilly 423 22 Theories and Practices of Neocorporatism Wolfgang Streeck and Lane Kenworthy 441 23 Undemocratic Politics in the Twentieth Century and Beyond Viviane Brachet-M´arquez 461 24 State Bureaucracy: Politics and Policies Oscar Oszlak 482 PART IV: STATE POLICY AND INNOVATIONS 25 Comparative and Historical Studies of Public Policy and the Welfare State Alexander M Hicks and Gøsta Esping-Andersen 509 26 Women, Gender, and State Policies Joya Misra and Leslie King 526 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index structuralism 120–121 tool kit 124 underdeveloped themes 132–134 biography 133 character 116–133 cognition 133 emotions 132 leadership 133 strategy 133–134 zeitgeist 133 cultural turn 9–11, 16 culture 7, 19–20, 115–127, 153, 278–280, 496 cycles of power, 27 Czechoslovakia 580 Davos Economic Forum 605 Delaware 548 deliberation 2, 144 deliberative poll 239 democracy 105, 113, 227, 255, 384–403, 419–420, 424, 427, 551, 659 associational 83, 451, 455 authoritarian regimes 386, 393 hardliners 393 moderates 393–394 reformers 393–394 British rule theory of democracy 387 challenges 399–403 conceptual issues 401 historical issues 403 methodological 403 theoretical 401 checks and balances 388 civil war 391 clusters 398–399 deals 393–394 definition 395–396 democratic transition 24, 384–386 democratization 384–403 elites 394–395 fascism 385 king, moderating role of 395 military 389 coup 390 pacted transition (pactada) 393 redemocratization 399 restoration of democracy after World War II 397 revolution 384 rupture and reform (ruptura/reforma ), 393 strategies 393–394 structures to transitions 384–386 sultanism 388 totalitarian regime 387 transitions 386–393, 397–398 end points 388–390 macro-transitions 397–398 801 paths 390–393 starting points 386–388 types of democracies 196 associational 83 classical model 196 consociational democracies 196 ethnic democracy 196 Herrenenvolk democracy 196–197 multi-cultural democracies 196 republican democracies 196 Denmark 156, 244, 269, 274, 465, 466, 481, 512, 520, 534, 536, 617 determinism 14–15 overstated 15 development strategies 607–608, 614, 620, 621 discipline 126, 131 discourse 10, 20, 125, 153 discourse theory 153 accusations against 165–166 anti-foundationalist stance 155 chain of equivalence 167–168 challenges 168–171 clarification 168–169 core disciplinary issues 171 implications for critique, normativity and ethics 169 methodological questions 169–170 process of sedimentation 169 role of researcher 170–171 content analysis 157 critical discourse analysis (CDA) 158 dialogue and conversation analysis 157 discourse 154, 161–163 discourse psychology 157 dislocation 164–165 essentialist ontology 153, 155 hegemony 163–164 idealism 166 identity 153 Marxism 156 nodal points 163 ‘political’ post-structuralist discourse theory (Laclau and Mouffe) 159–161 post-structuralism 155–157 quasi-transcendental discourse 158 radical 166 reflexivity 156 relativism 165–166 social antagonism 164 social bases of politics (retroactive) 168 sociolinguistics 157 split subject 165 Dominican Republic 388, 469, 621, 622 economic policy 607–628 up to 1980 612–614 capital capital market 617 control 610–611, 614–615 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml 802 CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index mobility 614–615, 616 wage bargaining 616 changes in 616 Christian Democratic Parties 619 commodity chains 612 comparisons 627–628 corporatism 620 debt crisis 612, 624 deficits 621 devaluation 614 Economic Committee on Latin American and the Carribean (ECLAC) 623 economic internationalization 609–612 employer federation 612 European Union (EU) 606, 612, 616, 628 globalization 587, 607, 609–612, 614–620, 628 hyperglobation 607 ideology 610–618 import substitution industrialization (ISI) 607–608, 614, 620, 621 inequality 627 inflation 616 international financial institutions (IFIs) 608, 612, 625, 626, 627, 628 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 594, 612, 625 judicial systems 623 labor law reform 622–623 Latin America 608, 620–623 liberalization (see privatization) neo-liberalism 616 openness 609–612 privatization 608, 614, 621 reform effects 626–627 reform trajectories 623–626 regimes 612 coordinated market economy (CME) 612–613, 614 liberal market economies (LME) 612, 613 retrenchment 617 tariffs 609 tax reform 622 trade 609–611, 612, 618 transnational corporations (TNC) 612 unemployment 617–619, 620 wage bargaining 616 welfare state 608 retrenchment 616–618, 620, 622 World Bank 623 World Trade Organization (WTO) 612 economic pressures 27 Ecuador 623 El Salvador 416, 420, 472, 473, 621, 623 elites 91 elitist theory 2, 72–75, 84, 94, 292–293 emigration 27, 640–645 empire 84, 397, 597 employer association 612 (see also interest groups) emotions 132 England (see also United Kingdom of Great Britain) 34, 48, 67, 177–178, 183, 264, 275, 368, 369, 372, 373, 374, 376, 378, 379–381, 385, 404, 483, 532, 533, 571, 636 Enlightenment 115 Enron 326 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 174–175, 306, 323 epistemology 6, 7, 16 anti-foundationalist 155 epistemic community 132 history of ideas 159 Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 553 essentialism 15 Estonia 196 European Union (EU) 284, 304–306, 606, 612, 616, 628 exchange theory 11–12, 14–15 expansion of the political exploitation (domination) 33, 85 extremist parties parties (see political parties) 270 Falkland Islands 468 fascism 258, 462–467, 477 favela 602 Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) 634 feminism 10–11 feminist 118 feminist theory 135–148, 663–665 care, ethic of 138–139 challenges to feminist theorizing 149 citizens gender differentiated 151 gender neutral 151 gender pluralist 151 citizenship theory 135, 138–139, 143–147, 150 civic republicanism 143–144 collective identities 150–151 critical race and gender theories 142 discourse on rights 148–149 exclusion mechanisms 138 feminisms 135 femocrat 147 global citizen 151 identity, gendered 140 liberal feminist theory 136, 148 membership 144–147 multiculturalism 149–150 patriarchal state 137–138 participation 143–144 participation rights 147 post-colonial theory 142 post-modern theory 140–143 public/private divide 138, 144 social citizenship 144–147 state feminist theory 136 welfare state 138, 145–147 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index Wollenstonecraft’s dilemma 138–140 women friendly state 147 Finland 353, 397, 398, 458, 466, 536, 613, 617, 619 Florence 34 framing theory (see social movements) 124–125, 239–241, 339–340, 341, 476 France 92, 115, 120, 183,196, 241, 251, 256, 258, 259, 264, 268, 270, 273, 313,315, 327–328, 338, 357,368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 376,377, 378, 379–381, 397, 399,404, 413, 421, 443, 457, 461,464, 466, 470, 475, 481, 483,522, 523, 529, 536, 537, 538, 541,542, 543, 571, 574, 613, 627,631–634, 635, 636, 638,640, 641, 642, 645–648 Frankfurt 121, 122 free rider 79, 181, 296–297, 340, 451 fortifying myths 339 Frankfurt school 81–82 Fraternal Order of the Eagles 107 functionalism (see also neo-functionalism) 44, 50, 93, 178, 336 gender 135–148, 526–544, (see also feminism) gender equality Genoa 183 Germany 119, 121, 156,207, 241, 257, 258, 260, 264, 273,279, 281, 303, 307, 312, 313, 315, 327–328, 359, 368, 369, 372, 373,376, 379–380, 421, 426, 441,443, 461, 462–463, 464–466,474, 477, 509, 517,523, 528, 538, 541, 614,615, 618, 631–634, 635,636, 637, 638, 639,640, 641, 642–643, 644,645–648, 651, 662 Democratic Republic of (GDR) (also East Germany) 151, 182 Weimar Republic 198 West Germany or Federal Republic of Germany 141, 338 glasnost 334 global capitalism 27, 587–604, 655–663 global justice movement 27 globalization 26–28, 29, 123, 284–285, 329, 587–604, 655–663 citizenship rights 590–591, 605 civil society 590, 593, 597 empire of civil society 597 Chiapas 601 CONAIE 601 corporate 588, 591 counter-movement 27–28, 588, 590, 591, 597–599, 600–605, 655–660, 663 definition 587–588 discursive project 27 development 593–597 economic 587 empire 597, 600 European Union (EU) 591 803 Fair Trade Labeling Organization International 598 favelas 602 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) 596 General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 599, 606 globalization project 595 hegemony 588, 589, 594 International Monetary Funct (IMF) 594 modernity 590–596 Movement of Homeless workers (MHW) 601, 602 Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra (MST) 602–603 nation-state 588 neo-liberal policy 599 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 596 privatization (property rights) 599 public rights (the commons) 599–605 social movements 590, 597–599, 600–605, 658 Sem Terra, Via Campesino, Zapatista 591 sovereignty 590–592, 597 Tobin tax 605 transnational corporations American Express 596 GM 596 IBM 600 Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 600, 606 United Nations (UN) 594 UNESCO 603, UNCTAD 604 Washington consensus 590 Worker Party 602 World Bank 595 World Social Forum (WSF) 589 World Trade Organization (WTO) 596–597, 598, 599–600, 603 global civil society (see civil society and globalization) governance (see also state) Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) 107 Greece 466 Ancient Greece 143, 251 Greek city-states 34, 249 Guatemala 470, 471, 473, 501, 580, 621, 623 Haiti 466–471, 620 Handbook of Political Sociology place in field 4–5 objectives 28 handbooks in political science Hawaii 209 hegemony 74, 82, 122, 123, 129, 130, 159, 163–164, 588, 589, 594 Heidelberg 376 Holland (See also Netherlands) 373, 573 Honduras 620, 623 Hong Kong 383, 634, 643 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml 804 CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index Hawaii 142 Hungary 369, 374, 376, 377, 379–380, 464, 465, 466, 580 Iberia (region of Spain and Portugal) 373, 379–380, 391 identity 153 (see also collective identity) identity construction 162 relations of difference in 162 relations of equivalence in 162 ideology 124, 219, 231, 238–241, 278, 341, 414, 462, 530, 533, 536, 538 ideologue 257 Illinois 277, 278 imagined communities 127, 249–250, 251 immigration 27, 630–649 American Federation of Labor (AFL) 633,and Congress of Industrial Unions (AFL-CIO) brain drain 643, 645 British Nationality Act of 1948 (BNA) 635 Congress of Industrial Unions (CIO) cost-benefit (economic) theories 631, 636–638 cultural theories 631, 638–639, 653 declining fertility 653–654 dual nationality 644 emigration policy 642–645 future research 653 immigration policy 631–640 institutional theory 635–636 integration policy 645–649 interest groups American Immigration Lawyers Association 633 Business for Legal Immigration Coaltion 633 CATO Institue 634 Federation of Americans for Immigration Reform (FAIR) 634 Mexican-American Legal Defense Fund 631, 633 National Immigration Forum 631 Zero Population Growth 634 McCarran-Walter Act 631 multicultural model 635 naturalization policy 645–649 political parties 632, 637, 638, 644 political polarization 632–633 power resources (constellations) theory 631–634, 652 public opinion 639–640 racialization theories 631, 638–639 receiving countries 631–640 regimes 633 sectoral theory of the state 636 sending countries politics 640–645 transnational theory (unified framework) 649–651 incentive 172–173, 297 economic (purposive) 297 selective 297, 337 inclusion 145, 147, 154, 415 political 145, 415 social 145 India 385, 386–387, 532, 539–540, 541, 555, 567, 606 Indian National Congress 387 indigenous peoples (see ethnic groups) Indonesia 417, 538, 541, 641 inequality 40, 255 inflation 453 infrastructural power (of the state) institutional theory 3, 6, 103–109 historical institutionalism 103–104 new institutionalism 103 political institu6tionalism 109, 114 structural-political 104–106 institutions 58, 63, 96 interest groups 23, 58, 287–305, 445, 447, 528 collective preferences 297–298 corporations 288 corporatist theories of interest groups 293–295, 308, 441–460 definition 287–289 elitist theories of interest groups 292–293, 308 European Union (EU) 304–306 financing (see resource mobilization) formation 295–296 foundational approaches (see theories of interest groups) governance 297 interest group systems 304–306 Marxist theories of interest groups 291–292, 308 neopluralism 290–291 pluralism (classical) 289–290, 308 policy domains (see policy networks) policy networks 301–304 policy research institutes 298–300 political action committees (PACs) 306 preferences (see collective preferences) problems 295–298 organizational development 295–304 social movement organizations (SMOs) 288–289 theories of interest groups 289–295 think tanks (see policy research institutes) transformation (structural) 297 US interest organization systems 306–307 voluntary associations 56, 288 interlocking directorates 224–225, 317–318 intermediation (see concertation and neo-coporatism) international political sociology 18 interorganizational network 301–306 Iran 9, 258, 390, 404, 415, 417, 469, 470, 471, 479, 481, 529, 573 Iraq 257, 258, 265, 421, 470, 478–479, 481, 572, 580, 581 Ireland 197, 207, 422, 458, 474 iron law of oligarchy 87, 176, 275–276, 296–297 iron triangles 302 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index Israel 196, 256, 259, 262, 263, 270, 362–363, 422, 541, 572, 593 Italy 2, 119, 130, 207, 256, 258, 281, 315, 327, 368, 369, 373, 376, 379–380, 385, 428, 444, 451, 458, 465, 466, 512, 523, 528, 541, 613 Italian city-states 183 Jamaica 538, 555, 609, 612, 620–621, 623, 628, 641 Japan 245, 251, 253, 264, 270, 307, 308, 328, 357, 362–363, 418, 537, 612, 630, 641, 642, 646 Jituanqiue 328 Johannseburg 662 jus sanguinis 645 jus soli 646 Kashmir 422 keiretsu 328 Kentucky 548 Kerala 600 Keyna 387 kleptocracy 469 Knights of Labor 269, 339 Korea 612, 641 North Korea 421, 488 South Korea 308, 315, 327, 328, 532, 595 Kudong 661 Kuwait 465–471 labor law 48 labor movements 48, 80, 658, 660–662, 663 labor union 48, 622 language games (linguistic systems) 153–154 glossematics 153 semiology 153 structural linguistics 153 Latin America 112, 620–623 Leadership 133 Leningrad 255 Leninism 93 Libya 421 Lithuania 466, 531 lobbying (see interest groups) local/global gap Low Countries (Belgium and Holland) 369, 376 London 48 Lvov 481 Madrid 394 Malaysia 532 managerial theory 67 (see also state-centric theory) Martinique 641 Maryland 548 markets 174, 310, 324–325, 443, 459 equilibria 174–175 liberalization 459 Marxist theory (Marxism) 19, 73–75, 76, 77–78, 93, 117 805 mass society 121, 130 May 1968, events of McCarran-Walter Act 631 media 2, 95, 283–284, 299, 350–364 Agenda setting 351 bias 360 concentration (see mergers) corporate control (see private control) crime coverage 361–362 cultural constraining approach 350, 361–362, 363–364 dependence on politicians 359–360 Dutch reporters 358 editors 360 effects (see media effects) election outcomes 351 entertainment 353 feeding frenzy 361 hegemonic view 130 internet 354 journalism 350, 352–353 macro-institutional approach 350, 353–357, 363–364 media effects 352 micro-institutional 350, 357–360, 363–364 moral panics 361 narrative policy outcomes 351 power 358–359 print (newspapers) private control 353, 356–357 quasi-official institution 351 state control 356–358 story telling (see narrative) tabloid journalism 363 methodology 111, 113 boolean (QCA) 113 comparative-historical 111, 113 democratic research methodology 403 discourse 169–170 methodological individualism 173 multivariate strategies 342 refining public opinion 242–243 Mexican-American Legal Defense Fund (MALDEF) 631, 633 Mexico 281, 417, 467, 468, 473, 478, 479, 503, 532, 601, 609, 612, 620–621, 623, 627, 644, 651–653, 663 Miami 649 Michigan 201, 203, 227 micro-interactionist theory migration (see immigration, emigration, and naturalization) military (see also war) 104, 262, 566, 575, 580 Minnesota 209 modernization 117, 250, 405–407 limits of 156 money and politics (see campaign finance) moral panic 129 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 806 13:52 Subject Index Morocco 465, 478, 489, 535, 641, 642 motives 172–174 instrumental action 173 non-consequentialist action 173 Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) 602–603 Mozambique 417, 528 multinational corporation (see transnational corporations under corporations) 83, 93 Mumbai 662 Nairobi 142 Namibia 641 Naples 368 Narrative 125 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 345 nationalism 127, 247–250, 278 civil religion 252 civil society 252, 253, 254 community 247 consciousness (as idea) 247, 251–255 constructivist 249, 251 cultural chauvinism 248 definition 250–251 democracy 255, 551 equality of membership 252, 255, 551 ethnic nationalism (see collectivistic and ethnic nationalism under types of ) ethnics 248 globalization 247 imagined communities 127, 249–250, 251 Jews in Europe and Palestine 262 modernist theory 250 national liberation movements 261, 262 patriotism 248 political effects 251–255 perennialist 250 primordialist 250 ressentiment 260, 263 sovereignty 252, 255 structural (material) 247–248 terrorism 264 types of, 255, 264–265, 551 collectivistic and civic nationalism 256, 257, 259 collectivisitic and ethnic nationalism 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 264 individualistic and civic nationalism 256, 257 pan-nationalism 264 voluntarist (see constructivist) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 479, 580 naturalization 645–649 assimilation 649 barrier to naturalization index 647 citizenship civil society 648 colonizers 647 cultural idiom theory 645–646 dual nationality global civil society 650–651 incorporation regimes 647–648 integration 648 jus sanguinis 645 jus soli 646 non-colonizers 647 power constellation theory 646 settler countries 647 welfare regimes 648 Nazi regime 198, 258, 462–463, 465 neo-conservatism (see new right) neo-corporatism (also liberal or democratic corporatism) 25, 62, 63, 105, 293–295, 441–460, 620 active labor market policy 457 Catholic traditions 449 civil society 448, 455 collective bargaining 446–447 compulsory membership 451 concertation (interest intermediation), 449, 450, 453–454 consociational democracy 196 corporate associations 443, 445–447, 662 democratic state-building (after 1945) devolution (breakdown of corporatism) 454, 458–460 distributional coalitions 459 distribution of income 457 employer associations 612 economic effects 456–458 factionalism 442, 443 function 447–450 (see also concertation and self-government) future of, 458–460 generalized political exchange 445–447, 449, 450, 662 inflation 453 interest groups 445, 447 intermediary associations 451–452 Loi le Chapelier 442 liberalization 459 meso-corporatism micro-corporatism normative justification (legitimacy) 449 organization 447–452 origins of (political constitution), 442–445 pluralist theory 448–450 structure (see organization) 447–450 self-government 454–456 state corporatism (see corporatism, non-democratic) state of estates (Stăandestaat) 441, 443, 444, 445 structure (see organization) 447–450 subsidarity 449 syndicalism 444 taxes 453 unemployment 453, 457 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index wage restraint 453, 456–457 working class organization 443, 447 union decline 458 workers councils (Răate, Soviets) 444 neo-functionalism 18–19, 44, 50, 54, 64–69, 93 change 66–67 civil society 68 contingent dynamics of conflict 67 convergence 65 differentiation 66, 67, 69 radical 69 structural 66 uneven 67 functionalist tradition 64–67 idealist conflation 67 pluralism 65–66, 68 revolution 67 subsystem 66, 69 value added 67 Watergate scandal 68 neoliberalism 530, 533, 538, 599 neo-patrimonial regime (see sultanistic regime) neo-pluralism 18, 19, 54–64, 70, 290–291 agency, extending the range of 55–60 agency, in context 60–62 behavioral revolution 57 business, privileged position of 62 class, neglect of corrected 60–61 classical pluralism 55–58, 98 corporate pluralism 59, 60 hyper-pluralism 59 integration 63–64 neo-pluralism in brief 64 political resource theory political science, neo-pluralism popular in 70 pluralist tradition 55–58 plurality of actors 56 power resource premise 57 scope 56 structural power, neglect of corrected 61–62 voice 58 nested games 13 Netherlands (see also Dutch Republic, Holland) 156, 177–178, 196, 207, 256, 270, 371, 373, 374, 381–382, 458, 466, 518, 520, 523, 537, 538, 615, 617, 636, 642 New Deal 74–75, 296, 306 new institutionalism 58, 63, 103, 172, 174, 176–178 New Right 160 New York 121, 203 New Zealand 398, 418, 516, 519, 521, 537, 613, 614, 618, 619, 628, 633, 634, 635, 641, 647, 648 Nicaragua 404, 417, 469, 470, 471, 472, 479, 502, 580, 620, 623 Nigeria 46, 471 Nobel Prize 3, 11, 380 non-governmental organizations (NGO) 284, 299, 592 Amnesty International 592 807 Business for Legal Immigration Coalition 633 Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International 598 Federation for for American Immigration Reform FAIR 634 Fraternal Order of the Eagles 107 Friends of the Earth 592 Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) 107 Mexican American Legal Defense Fund (MALDEF) 631, 633 Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) 602–603 Oxfam 592 Womens’ Christian Temperance Union 107 Zero Population Growth 634 North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA) 272, 596, 600–601 Norway 244, 356, 374, 397, 458, 465, 466, 536, 613, 617, 619 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 306, 323 OECD 601, 602 Office of Management and the Budget (OMB) 192 Ontario 271 Oregon 637 organizational state model 304–306, 308 organized interest group (see interest groups) Ottoman Empire (see Turkey) overlapping cleavages (see cross-pressures) overlapping networks of power 90 overlords 40 Pakistan 387, 471, 567 Palestine 196, 262, 263, 264, 422, 593 Panama 470, 472–478, 479, 580, 621, 622 Paraguay 621, 623 parental leave (reconciliation policies) 535–536 Paris 479 party (see political party) peasants 40, 44, 408–409 free 408 middle 408 migrating semi-proletarians 408 poor 408 rich 409 sharecropping tenants 408 perestroika 334 Peru 363, 421, 469, 472, 473, 477, 613, 620–621, 623 Philippines 417, 469, 641 pluralism 2, 5, 19, 289–290, 308, 311, 448–450, (see also neo-pluralism) Podesta 183 Poland 268, 369, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 384, 465, 466, 471, 528, 529, 543 policy 25–26 abortion 542–543 active labor market 457, 511, 517 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml 808 CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index Anti-discrimination 534–535 anti-natalist (birth control and sterilization) 538 child care 535–536 civil rights policies 553 color blind policies 546, 554, 556, 562–563, 564–565 economic 607–614, 628 employment 531–536, 543–545, 553 disability policy 238 feedback 108–109 fertility (pro-natalist) 541–542 health 307 housing 555–556 immigration 630–649 labor market 517, 531–536, 543–545 naturalization 645–649 pension 106 population 518, 543–545 race 187–198 women 106, 526–544 voting policies 547–551, 553, 554–555 women friendly 522 policy domain 2, 302, 307, (see also policy network) policymaking 107, 108, 132 policy network (see also policy domain) 287, 301–304 policy research institute 23, 287, 298–300 political action committee (PAC) 217–220, 306, 307, 320–321, 326–327 Americans for the Republican Majority 219 Committee for Political Education (COPE) 217 Emily’s List 219 National Committee to Preserve Social Secruity 219 National Committee for an Effective Congress 219 National Rifle Association (NRA) 219 political economy theory 2, 72–74, 78–80, 83, 84, 88–89, 94 political outcomes 18 political parties 22 anti-immigrant parties (see extremist parties) 270 catch all party 272 Carapintadas 475 Catholic parties 79 Christian Democratic Parties communist party, Bolsheviks 74, 279 conservative parties 647 John Birch Society 476 Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) 277 culture of, 278–280 decline of parties 286 discipline, of parties 180–181 definition 267 Democratic Party (US) 219, 267, 273, 306, 360, 558–559, 638 ¨ Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Osterreich or ¨ 475 FP O) Front National 475, 529, 632 globalization 284–285 Green parties 82, 279, 284 institutional environment 280–285 iron law of oligarchy 87, 275–276 Know-nothing Party 637 labor party (see socialist and social democratic) left parties 477, 515–517, 524, 632 liberal parties 271 links to citizens 268, 272–274, 286 media 283–284 Nazi party 258, 462–463 neo-institutionalism 280 New Democratic Party (Canada) 271, 277 non-governmental organizations 284 origins 268, 274 party machines 101–102 polarization 632–633 Republican Party (US) 219, 270, 271, 272, 273, 276, 277, 282, 559 Republikaner Party (Germany) 632 right parties 474, 475, 477, 480 social bases of, 268–274 social democratic parties 73, 105, 271, 272, 275, 276, 279 Swedish 105 (see also socialist parties) socialist parties 271, 276 (see also social democratic parties) Poland 276 Serbia 475 Socialist Party of Serbia 475 state 280–283 structure of, 275–278 ties to organized interests 268, 270–272, 274 Union Nacional de Proprietarios (UNP) 474 Via Campesino 591, 604 Vlaams Blok (Belgium) 632 Workers Party (Brazil) (PT) 602 political power (see power) political regime (see regimes) political revolution (see revolution) political sociology status of survey of population 518, 543–545 Portugal 270, 390–391, 444, 464, 465, 466, 628, 642 post-modern theory 3, 6, 10, 17–18, 117, 123, 156 post-structuralism post-structuralist discourse theory (see discourse theory) power 18, 19, 33 distributional power 38, 43 exchange theory 41–42 hegemonic 74, 82, 123, 129 infrastructural power 100, 110 military 566, 580 overlapping power networks, 90 power analytics 158 power, definitions of 34–38, 47–49 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index power resources 36–39, 43, 56, 57, 77, 78–80, 81, 631–634 social power, history of 89–91 zero-sum 35–36 power constellation theory 19, 80, 631–634, 646 power elite (see conflict theory) power resources theory 36–39, 43, 56, 57, 77, 78–80, 81, 145, 631–634 pressure group (see interest group) privatization (see also liberalization) proletariat 84, 122 pronatalist policies 541–542 protest 33, 336, 337–338, 343–346, 553 Prussia 10, 178, 368, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 381, 382, 383, 636, 643 Puerto Rico 211, 539 public interest group or PIG (see interest groups) public opinion 2, 22, 227–244 attitudes 227–228 authoritarianism, working class 232 class politics 232–235 coalitions 33, 245 Columbia school 203, 228–230, 245, 272 cross-pressures 233, 234 decline of the left 228–238 deliberation 239 economic development 235–238 education 233, 238 democratic class struggle 231 framing 239–241 ideology 231, 238–241 long-term change 235, 242 Michigan school (see political science research) 201, 203, 227, 228–229, 230–231, 245, 272 opinion leaders 221, 229–230 overlapping cleavages (see cross-pressures) policy feedback 243–245 policy impact on public opinion 241–243 political science research 228–229, 230–231, 245 post-material values (economic to cultural conflict) 236–237 public opinion impact on policy 241–243 race and public opinion theories 561–562 politics-centered 561 race-centered 561 sample surveys 227 schemas 239 short term opinion change 230–231, 235 social cleavages 231–235, 245 social movements 235 sociological research 228–230, 245 status politics 232–233 thermostatic model 244 two dimensions of political ideology 232 values 228–237 public policy processes 106–107 public sphere 128, 144 809 publishing in political sociology purposive incentive 297 race and political sociological theory 20, 187–198 affirmative action 193 antisemitism 465 caution towards 197 census (example of political race construction) 190, 191 citizenship rights 193 civil rights movement 193, 195, 578 color blind policies 194, 198 constructivist theories 187, 192–193 definition of race 188 democracies, five types related to group rights 196 classical model 196 consociational democracies 196 ethnic democracy 196 Herrenenvolk democracy 196–197 multi-cultural democracies 196 republican democracies 196 ethnicity, definition of 188 group rights 193 identity 189 multi-racial category (see official race categories) Office of Management and the Budget (OMB) 192 official race categories 191–192 organizational structure 194–197 political institutions 190–191 political parties 191 resistance 188 racialization 20, 188, 189–190, 194 segregation 195 underplay the importance of race 197–198 racial categories (see official race categories under racial and ethnic theory) racial formation 188, 189, 194 racial identities 189, 190, 197 racial inequalities 197 racial policies 26, 546–565 affirmative action 558–559 busing 557–558 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (CRA) 553 civil rights movement 181–182, 551–553, 563–564 color blind policies 546, 554, 556, 562–563, 564–565 disenfanchisement 547–551 employment 558 enfranchisement 548–553, 554–555 Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 (EOA) 553 housing policy 555–556 Jim Crow legislation 549, 561 Ku Klux Klan (KKK) 549, 550 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 552 new racism 561 party discipline 180–181 protests 553 public opinion 559–562 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml 810 CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index public opinion, theories 561–562 politics-centered 561 race-centered 561 public policies 553 racial state 546–547 reconstruction 548–549 slavery 547–548 social welfare 555–556, 557 suffrage in the US 547–551 universalistic policy 546 Voters Rights Acts of 1965 (VRA) 553, 554–555 voting behavior 559 voting rights, 554–555 white advantage 562–563 racial project 188, 189–190 competing racial projects racial state 187, 193, 194, 195, 197, 546–547 theories of the state 194–196 three types of racial states 194 radical flank 346 radical plural democracy 10 Radom 481 rapprochement of theory (see also theoretical synthesis) rational choice theory 6, 11–14, 16–17, 30, 133, 134, 172 agency theory 176–178 agenda (future research) 185–186 behavioral economics 179 bounded rationality 179 budgets 177 bureaucracy 176–177 civil rights movement 181–182 collective action 296–297 company men 177–178 coordination and focal points 179–180 criticisms of 173 limits of 185 cultural models 181–185 development of theory better models of social structure 185 more complex micro-foundations 185 free rider 181 functionalist theory 178 game theory 182–183, 185 goals 173 incentives 297 incomplete information 175 jointly owned resources (common pool) 175–176 legitimacy 179 methodological individualism 173 models of culture 181–185 models of history 182–185 models of political institutions 174–176, 181–182 motives 172–173 multiple equilibria 174–175 nationalism 180 new institutionalism 172, 174 norms 180–181 path dependence 184 revolution 182 social movements 182 sociological rational choice theory 172–174 tax administration 178 temporality 184 refugees 27 regimes 79, 258, 423, 502–504, 612, 647–648 authoritarian regime 258, 386, 393, 394, 467–469, 477–478 capacity 430–431, 433–434, 437–440 citizenship 426–427, 431–432 conjectures (hypotheses) 433–437 conservative regime (see traditional) consultation 432, 436–437 contention 24–25, 423 definitions of, 424–427 democracy/undemocracy, 424, 427, 431–432, 437–440 equality 435 exemplary analyses by history 428–429 by principles 427–428 liberal regime 258, 426–427 mapping regimes 424–427 membership in polity 434–435 polity model (by capacity, breadth, equality consultation and protection) 429–430 protection 432, 436–437 regime theory 423 regime transitions 423 repertoires 437–440 social democratic regime 426, 427 sultanistic regime 469–471, 478–479 traditional regime 426–427 taxonomy of contentious politics (by variations, trajectories and transformations) 429–433 totalitarian regime 387, 462–467, 477 welfare capitalism regimes 426–427, 648 WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment) 435 regime change 24, 423 religion 38, 127, 252, 255, 258, 387, 579 Calvinism 371 Catholic church 579 religious identities 127 repertoires 124 repertoires of action 124 repertoires of contention 438–440 resistance 33, 40, 50, 53, 63, 84, 339, 425 ressentiment 260, 263 resources 36–39, 56 (see also power resources theory) allocative 37 authoritative 37 resource mobilization theory 336–338 revolution 24, 67, 104, 126, 129–130, 182, 261, 384, 404–419, 425 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index American revolution 261 anomalous cases 421 bourgeois revolution 408 Chinese revolution 577 contentious regimes 423 corruption 416–417 culture 421–422 definition (meaning) 404–405 emotions 421–422 French revolution 126, 127, 573, 577 grievances 415 ideology 414 Islamic revolution 422 non-occurrence of revolutions 417–420 occurrence of revolutions 413–417 peasants 408–409 relative deprivation 406 revolution from above coup d’Etat 405 palace revolution 405 revolutionary movement 104, 405 rising expectations 406 Russian revolution 577 state breakdown (weak state) 409, 412, 577–578 state socialism 407 state structures 410 strategy and tactics 422 theoretical approaches 405–409 Marxist theory, 407–409 modernization theory 405–407 state-centered theory 409–413 unpredictability of 182 rhetoric 126 rights 196 group 149, 193, 196 individual 149 ritual 125 Romania 417, 463–467, 470, 529, 542 Romanticism 116–117, 253 Rome 179, 251, 254, 374, 404, 413, 415, 428, 463 Roman Empire 373, 374 Roman law 369 Treaty of Rome 304 rules 18, 33–53 actionability 42–43 agency 50–53 alternatives 43 charismatic rule 85 domination 33, 34, 35 exchange theory 41–42 labor law 48 landowner 41–42 lord 47 peasant 40, 44 power 33, 36–42, 43 power, definitions of 34–38, 47–49 power imbalance 41–42 811 power resources 36–43 rational legal rule 84 resistance 33 insurgency 40 defiance 50, 63 resources 36–39 allocative 37 authoritative 37 rulebreaking 18, 33–34, 35, 38, 49–53 rulemaking 18, 33, 34, 35, 38, 44, 52 rules as instruments of power 43–47 social construction 43 state as enforcer of rules 47–49 Statute of Laborers 48 structural power 38 traditional rule 85 vassal 47 zero-sum game 35–36 Russia 9, 163, 251, 255, 257, 258, 264, 270, 281, 356, 373, 376, 377, 477, 573, 581, 636, 641–642, 644 USSR 9, 196, 198, 255, 256, 258, 270, 389, 391–392, 404, 444, 462, 474, 477, 481, 566, 571, 580, 643 Rwanda 581 San Francisco 317, 633 SAWAK 470 Saudia Arabia 421, 471 Scandinavia 373, 374, 376 Scotland (see also Great Britain) 369 Seattle 655 Selma 553 selective incentive 297 Sem Terra 591 Senegal 647 Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) 472, 473 Sen Terra 591 Serbia 166, 417, 475, 541 Shanghai 662 sharecroppers 408 Sicily 368 Sierra Club 307 Sierra Leone 532 Silicon Valley 662 Singapore 383 Sobibor 481 social bases of politics 18, 29, 201–216, 286 social capital 91 social change 331–335 social cleavages, 22, 225–226, 231–235 social cleavages and voting 201–216, 231–235 class effects 214, 216, 231–235 decline of left (class) 214, 228–238 early postwar voting research 202–203 Columbia School 203, 228–230, 245, 272 Michigan School 201, 203, 227, 230–231, 245, 272 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml 812 CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index economic models 204 funnel of causality 203 gender effects 215, 220 group consciousness (linked fate) 205, 215 mechanisms (economic, social psychological, network) 202, 205–206 opinion leaders 221, 229–230 origins of research program 202–204 participation 208–213 group factors 209–210 organizational factors 210–212 recent trends 212–213 social structural factors 209 political parties 215 processes 202, 205–206 feedback 208 group identification and conflict 207 macro-political factors (unions, churches, parties) 207–208 social structure 206–207 religious effects 207, 215, 220, 221 religious right (Christian right) 210 social networks 205 cross-cutting networks 209, 233 social-psychological models of voting 203–204 unions 207, 210, 215, 220 voting behavior 213–216 registration 211–212 turnout 212–213 social democratic parties 73, 105, 271, 272, 275, 276, 279 social movements 23, 33, 150, 331–335, 658 anti-nuclear movement 338 anti-war movement 343 civil rights movement 336–338, 343 Community Action Program 345 Coxey’s Army 578 definition 332–333 dynamic opportunities 337–338, 342–346 Ecuadorian movement (CONAIE) 601 environmental movement 659 fortifying myths 339 framing 182, 334–335 goals 342 Islamic movement 422 labor movement 658, 659–660 opportunities 337–338, 339 outcomes 346, 348 protest 336, 337–338, 343–346 radical flank 346 radical reformism 342–343 signaling 344 social movement change 346–349 social movement effects (see outcomes) social movement organizations (SMOs) 182–183, 288–289, 299, 332, 333 structural opportunities 336–338 tactics 339–342 threats 338 Townsend Movement 339, 345 theories 335–342 framing 339–340, 341 functionalism 336 identity 340–341 opportunity structure theory 337–339 rational choice 182 resource mobilization 336–338 symbolic interaction 335–336, 339–341 syntheses 341–342 women’s movement 107, 118, 150, 346, 658 Zapatista 601, 602 social revolution (see revolution) social welfare policies 101 socialist revolution Somalia 359 South Africa, Union of (Republic of South Africa) 52, 191, 193–194, 196, 198, 268, 420, 563, 595, 635, 647, 665 Spain 368, 373, 379, 390–392, 393, 394, 444, 465, 466, 467, 474, 477, 478, 541, 571, 628, 642 sovereignty 252, 255 Sri Lanka 422, 533 Stalinism 462 state 23–25, 47–49, 96, 253, 367–383 absolutism 368, 369, 372, 373 autonomy 100–101 authoritarian state 467–469, 477–478 breakdown (see revolution) bureaucracy 25, 99, 176–177, 373, 482–503 Calvinism 371 capacity 100–101, 102 conceptual map of Europe 374–375 corporatism 319–320 estates (Stand) 370 feminist theory 136 feudalism 368, 369 parliament (representative assembly) 369 patrimonial state 369, 370, 382, 469 racial state 193–194 sectoral theory of the state 636 state building 98, 101, 367–382, 383 state formation 110, 367–383 taxes 372, 376 extractive regime 377 war, crisis of legitimacy 579 state-building theories 108 cultural explanation 381–382 fiscal-administrative infrastructure 379 founders 367–371 medieval constitutionalism 378, 379 paths 374 capital intensive 374 coercion intensive 376 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index rational choice explanation 380–381 renaissance 371–378 recent trends 378–382 state formation 110, 367–383 warfare 368, 375, 376, 377 state-centric theory 2, 96 bureaucracy 99 causal force of state 99–100 development of state-centric theory 98–101 example 101–102 extending the theory 111–114 historical argumentation, shift to 106–107 historical institutionalists 103–104 links between macro and meso levels 67 new institutionalists 103 organizational turn 99 path dependency 109 patronage-oriented parties 101–102 political identity shaped by states 96, 190 political institutional theory 96, 103–109 policy feedback 108–109 research practice 109–111 revolution 409–413 rise of state-centric theory 97–98 state autonomy 100–101 state building (state formation) 98, 101, 108, 367–382, 383 state capacity 100–101, 102 states, basic viewpoint toward 96 structural political institutionalism 104–106 structured polity model 106 state-feminism 136 state formation 19–20, 24, 110, 131, 367–383 strategy 133–134 status 85–86, 232–233 status groups 89 ethnic groups 187–198, 546–565 gender groups 106, 526–544 racial groups 187–198, 546–565 Weberian interpretations 89 Statute of Laborers 48 structural functionalism (see functionalism and neo-functionalism) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) 118 sultanistic regimes (see also regimes) 25, 469–471, 478–479 neo-patrimonialism 469 patrimonial praetorianism 469 subsidarity 449 Surinam 641 Sweden 207, 234–235, 244, 245, 274, 338, 353, 356, 363, 373, 378, 426, 458, 465, 474, 510, 512, 517, 520, 521, 523, 528, 529, 535, 536, 537, 538, 541, 542, 617, 618, 619, 641, 647 Switzerland 196, 208, 274, 376, 466, 615, 633, 636, 648 syndicalism 444 symbolic capital 91, 92 813 symbolic violence 92 Syria 258, 421, 470 Tanzania 191 taxes 105, 110, 178, 372, 376, 484, 622 tax farming 175, 177 terrorism 264, 474, 580 Al Queda 580, 657 Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA) 474 Irish Republican Army (IRA) 345, 474 Texas 637, 638 text 125 Thailand 532, 533, 641 theoretical synthesis divided theoretical arena 30 of political sociology 17–18, 28 theory 18–20 conflict 19, 94 cultural 30, 94, 95, 115–127, 350, 361–362, 363–364, 631, 638–639 discourse 153 exchange 41–42 feminist 135–148, 663–665 frame 174, 334–335, 339–340, 341 functional 64–69, 72, 336 Marxist 19, 73–75, 80, 84, 117 middle range theory 111 modernization 117, 405–407 neo-functionalist 18–19, 54, 64–69, 93 neo-Weberian 88–89, 94 pluralist 289–290, 308 neo-pluralist 18, 19, 54–64, 70, 290–291 post-modern 3, 6, 8, 10, 17–18, 117, 123, 140–143, 156 power constellation 19, 80, 631–634, 646 racialization 6, 11–14, 16–17, 30, 133, 134, 172 rational choice 172 revisionist 73, 74, 93 resource mobilization 336–338, 339 state-centric 96, 367–382, 383 symbolic interactionism (constructivist theory) 187, 192–193, 335–336, 339–341 Weberian 19, 86, 88–89, 94 world systems 83, 94, 583 think tanks 23, 298–300 Center for Responsive Politics 219 Tibet 581 Tobin tax, 605 totalitarian regime 25, 462–463, 467, 477 trade 609–611, 612, 618 trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) 600, 606 trade unions (see unions) transnational immigration model 649–651 transnational movements (see counter-hegemonic movements) Treblinka 481 Tunisia 641, 642 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 814 13:52 Subject Index Turkey 9, 196, 478, 641, 642, 643, 644, 651, 665 Ottoman Empire 196, 197, 573, 574 Uganda 469 Ukraine 531 undemocracy 481 undemocratic politics 25, 461–481 authoritarianism 386, 393, 467–469, 477–479 BA regimes 467 bureaucratic authoritarianism 467 CIA 470 dissidence 474–476 ´ Ejercito Zapatista de Liberaci´on Nacional (EZLN) 473 extreme parties 479–480 extreme right 474 fascism 385, 462–467, 477 framing (naming, blaming, aiming, claiming) 476 hardliners 393 insurgency 471–474 kleptocracy 469 left-right reactions 479 regime perspective 462–471 Maoism 463, 477 NATO 479 Nazism 462–463 SAWAK 470 School of the Americas 472–478, 479 Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) 472 Stalinism 462 sultanistic regimes 388, 464, 469–471, 478–479 neo-patrimonialism 469 patrimonial praetorianism 469 totalitarianism 387, 462–467, 477 centralized state 462 ideology 462 mass party 462 Zapatismo 473 unemployment 453, 457, 617–618 unions 269, 443, 447, 458, 661, 662–663 (see also AFL-CIO) National Labor Relations Board 347 Union Nacional de Proprietarios (UNP) 474 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, see USSR under Russia) United Kingdom 101–102, 105, 111,112, 114, 115, 119, 122, 123, 156, 184–185, 201, 202, 207, 214, 216, 231, 234–235, 242, 255,256, 268, 273, 279, 302, 308, 313,315, 319, 323, 326, 358, 359, 361,362, 373, 374, 377, 379, 446, 453,457, 466, 468, 470, 474, 509,510, 511, 512, 516, 517, 520, 521,538, 548–555, 558, 613, 618,620, 628, 631–634, 635, 636,639, 641, 646, 647, 648 United Nations 594 UN Conference on Population and Development UNESCO 604, UNCTAD United States (also America) 5, 7, 23, 26, 46, 59, 67,68, 70, 71, 74–75, 97, 100,101–102, 105, 106–107, 108,110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118,119, 142, 143, 151, 155, 183, 184–185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191–192, 193–194,195, 196, 198, 202, 203, 207, 208–225,229, 236, 237, 241, 242, 245, 251,255, 256, 258, 259, 262, 264, 266,269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276–277,278, 279–281, 282, 285, 286, 291, 293,294, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302–303, 306–308, 311–330, 336, 337, 338,339, 341, 347, 352, 353, 356, 358,359, 360, 361, 362, 374, 384, 386, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 404, 425,426, 445, 453, 457, 464, 470, 472,473, 476, 478, 480, 481, 483, 484,509, 510, 511, 512, 517, 521, 523, 528,529, 532, 534, 535, 537, 539, 546–547,564, 566, 567, 569, 570, 573, 575,576, 577, 580, 581, 583, 594, 595, 596, 603, 606, 607, 615, 626, 627, 628, 630, 631–634, 635–636,638, 639–640, 641, 642, 643,645, 647, 649, 650,651, 660, 661–663, 667 Uruguay 467, 468, 472, 539, 543, 544, 596, 609, 620, 623, 625, 627, 628, 629 Venezuela 393, 397, 472, 620–621, 623 Venice 377 Veterans 106, 107, 178, 573, 576, 577, 578 veto politics 517 Via Campesina 591, 604 Vienna 589 Vietnam 1, 69, 344, 355, 404, 407, 417, 466–467, 471, 479, 572, 573, 641 Virginia 548 voluntary associations 58, 288, (see also non-governmental associations) voting 22 and African Americans 402, 547–551, 553, 554–555, 559 Voting Rights Act of 1965 553, 554–555 Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) 75 war 26, 182–183, 368, 375, 376, 377, 572, 579 blind spots 578–583 Civil War 569–570, (U.S.) 573, 578 ; (Spanish) 391 veterans 577 civilizing process 568–569 compartementalized war 571–574 contentious politics 577–578 economy and war 574–575 empire 568 enfranchisement and war 575–577 European war 580 genocide 567 GI Bill of Rights 573, 576 home front emphasis 567–570 human rights 567, 581–582, 583 P1: JZP CB779-SInd.xml CB779/Janoski 521 81990 August 27, 1956 13:52 Subject Index Latin American wars 580 Manhattan Project 575 Middle Eastern war 580 military industry complex 575 neo-institutional theory 583 overlap with politics 566–578, 581 Persian Gulf war 572 re-entry of war in sociology 570–571 social movements 578 state breakdown and war 577–578 state-making 573 veterans 106, 107, 178, 572, 576, 577 Vietnam War 572, 573 warlords, pacification of welfare state and war 575–577 world systems theory 368 World War I 121–122, 397, 466, 576, 647 World War II 54, 86, 97, 117, 118, 127, 317, 329, 386, 397, 399, 569, 570, 572–575, 591, 638, 642, 643, 645, 647, 662 Warsaw 478 Washington 58, 637 Washington consensus 590 Washington D.C 260, 573, 590 Watergate 68 Weberian theory 19, 86, 88–89, 94 analytic Weberianism 172 welfare states 25–26, 509–520 active labor market policy (ALMP) 457, 511, 517 causal forces 524 political forces 509–510 social forces 509, 514 child allowances 535–536 Christian democratic parties 510, 518, 524 citizenship 510–511, 513 class mobilization theory 515–517 decommodification 511 de-familialization 511 definition 510–512 inequality 520–524 left parties (mainly social democratic) 515–517, 524 modernization theory 514 Marxist (ruling class) theory 514–515 neo-corporatism 511, 516 New Deal 510 old age pensions (social security in the US, social insurance elsewhere) 106 pensions 518 political sociology of, 512–520 power resources theory 515–517 pluralist theory 518 redistributive purposes 79 regimes (conservative, liberal and social democratic) 512, 518–520 fourth welfare state regime 519 regime shifting 519 rights of man 510 ruling class theory 514–515 815 social exclusion 522 social stratification 520–524 state-centered theory 517–518 universalism 511 women friendly policy 522 Wisconsin 58, 521 women, policies toward 26, 106, 526–544 abortion 542–543 affirmative action policy 534 anti-discrimination and equalization policy 534–535 anti-natalist (birth control, sterilization) policy 538 Cairo Program of Action 540 causal factors of gender policy 527 child care 535–536 civil society 528 economic development 531–534 employment 531–536, 543–545 feminism 526–527 feminization of labor 531 gender politics 490–491 gender relations 527 global trends 530 ideology 536 informalization of work 532 interest groups 528 male breadwinner vs universal breadwinner 537 neo-liberalism 530, 533, 538 population 518, 543–545 pro-natalist (fertility) policy 541–542 reconciliation policy (family and maternity leave) 535–536 rights 395, 398 sexual harrassment 534 social movements 528, 529, 658 Womens’ Christian Temperance Union 107 Federal Order of the Eagles 107 social welfare policy 536–538, 545 UN Conference on Population and Development 539 women friendly policy 522 Womens’ Christian Temperance Union 107 World Economic Forum 659 working class 78, 82, 465 Working Rights Consortium (WRC) 661 World Social Forum 659, 660, 668, 669–670 World Trade Organization (WTO) 309, 612, 659, 668 WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment) Wyoming 398, 633 xenophobia (see nationalism) Yugoslavia 198, 474, 484 Zaire 469, 641 Zapatismo 473, 601, 602 Zapatistas 591, 600–601, 657 Zeitgeist 133 Zimbabwe 356 ... 21:34 The handbook of political sociology Written by a distinguished group of leading scholars, The Handbook of Political Sociology provides the first complete survey of the vibrant field of political. .. special issues of Research in Political Sociology with the intent of “assessing the state of the field of political sociology at the start of the twenty-first century” (2003:1) The first, more... for the Advancement of the Profession for a conference on “Challenges to Theories of Political Sociology, ” held on May 25th and 26th, 2001, in New York City The departments of sociology at the