Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy ABOUT THE SERIES Critical Theory and Contemporary Society explores the relationship between contemporary society as a complex and highly differentiated phenomenon, on the one hand, and Critical Theory as a correspondingly sophisticated methodology for studying and understanding social and political relations today, on the other Each volume highlights in distinctive ways why (1) Critical Theory offers the most appropriate concepts for understanding political movements, socioeconomic conflicts and state institutions in an increasingly global world and (2) why Critical Theory nonetheless needs updating in order to keep pace with the realities of the twenty-first century The books in the series look at global warming, financial crisis, post–nation state legitimacy, international relations, cinema, terrorism and other issues, applying an interdisciplinary approach, in order to help students and citizens understand the specificity and uniqueness of the current situation Series Editor Darrow Schecter Reader in the School of History, Art History and Humanities, University of Sussex, UK BOOKS IN THE SERIES Critical Theory and Film: Fabio Vighi, Reader and Co-director of the Žižek Centre for Ideology Critique at Cardiff University, UK Critical Theory and Contemporary Europe: William Outhwaite, Chair and Professor of Sociology at Newcastle University, UK Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions: Hauke Brunkhorst, Professor of Sociology and Head of the Institute of Sociology at the University of Flensburg, Germany Critical Theory in the Twenty-First Century: Darrow Schecter, Reader in the School of History, Art History and Humanities, University of Sussex, UK Critical Theory and the Digital: David Berry, Department of Political and Cultural Studies at Swansea University, UK Critical Theory and the Contemporary Crisis of Capital: Heiko Feldner, Co-director of the Centre for Ideology Critique and Žižek Studies at Cardiff University, UK and Fabio Vighi, Reader and Co-director of the Žižek Centre for Ideology Critique at Cardiff University, UK Critical Theory and Libertarian Socialism: Charles Masquelier, Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Surrey, UK Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy On subversion and negative reason WERNER BONEFELD N E W Y OR K • L ON DON • N E W DE L H I • SY DN EY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Inc 1385 Broadway New York NY 10018 USA 50 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DP UK www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury is a registered trade mark of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2014 © Werner Bonefeld, 2014 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bonefeld, Werner, 1960– Critical theory and the critique of political economy : on subversion and negative reason / Werner Bonefeld pages cm – (Critical theory and contemporary society) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-4411-6139-0 (hardback) 1.╇ Marxian economics.â•… 2.╇ Critical theory.â•… 3.╇ Frankfurt school of sociology 4.╇ Capitalism.â•… I.╇ Title HB97.5.B556â•… 2014 335.4’12–dc23 2013046546 eISBN: 978-1-4411-5227-5 Typeset by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India To my son Declan He is simply the best Contents Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction: Critical theory and the critique of political economy Part one On the critique of political economy as a critical social theory 2 Political economy and social constitution: On the meaning of critique 21 Society as subject and society as object: On social praxis Part two Value: On social wealth and class 4 Capital and labour: Primitive accumulation and the force of value 79 Class and struggle: On the false society Time is money: On abstract labour 121 101 Part Three Capital, world market and state State, world market and society 147 8 On the state of political economy: Political form and the force of law 165 53 viii CONTENTS Part Four Anti-capitalism: Theology and negative practice 9 Anti-capitalism and the elements of antisemitism: On theology and real abstractions 195 10 Conclusion: On the elements of subversion and negative reason 219 Selected bibliography Index 239 229 Acknowledgements I had the good fortune to present some chapter drafts at conferences, including the May-Day conference in Ljubljana, May 2013, the International Conference on Neoliberalism, University of York, July 2013, the workshop on Critical Theory and Antisemitism, Cambridge, June 2013 and at a research workshop at the Centre of Social Movements, University of Glasgow, January 2013 I thank all participants for their insightful comments, discussions and helpful criticisms Special thanks are due to Robert Fine, Lars Fischer, Nick Gane, Jay Geller, Vassiliki Kolocotroni, Anej Korsika, Michael Lebowitz, Brendan McGeever, David McNally, Stephen Shapiro, Hae-Young Song, Annette Spellerberg, Marcel Stoetzler, Ana Štromajer, Erik Swyngedouw, David Seymour and Claire Westall I am most grateful to Ana Dinerstein, John Holloway, Peter Hudis, Michaela Mihai and Chris Rogers for their very helpful comments and insightful remarks on chapter drafts I am indebted to Greig Charnock, Vasilis Grollios, Richard Gunn and Chris O’Kane, who read the whole manuscript, seeing things that I failed to see Thank you so very much for your generosity, insights, disagreements, help and encouragements The responsibility for this piece of work is of course entirely my own SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 — Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1964) — Geschichte der ökonomischen Analyse (Göttingen: Vanderhoek & Rubrecht, 1965) — Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy (London: Routledge, 1992) Smith, Adam The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1976) — Lectures on Jurisprudence (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1978) — An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981) Smith, Tony The Logic of Marx’s Capital (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990) Sohn-Rethel, Alfred Warenform und Denkform (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1978a) — Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism (London: CSE Books, 1978b) Stoetzler, Marcel ‘Postone’s Marx’, Historical Materialism (12), no. 2, 261–81 (2004) — ‘On the Possibility that the Revolution that will End Capitalism might Fail to Usher in Communism’, Journal of Classical Sociology (12), no. 2, 191–204 (2012) Tomba, Max ‘Historical Temporalities of Capital: An Anti-Historicist Perspective’, Historical Materialism (17), no. 4, 44–65 (2009) Vanberg, Victor The Constitution of Markets (London: Routledge, 2001) Von Braunmühl, Claudia ‘On the Analysis of the Bourgeois Nation State within the World Market Context’, in State and Capital A Marxist Debate, edited by John Holloway and Sol Picciotto, 160–77 (London: Edward Arnold, 1978) Wallerstein, Immanuel After Liberalism (New York: The New Press, 1995) Watson, Georg ‘Race and the Socialists’, Encounter, November, 15–23 (1976) Wright, Erik Olin Classes (London: Verso, 1985) — Class Counts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) Wright, Steve Storming Heaven (London: Pluto Press, 2002) Zarembka, Paul ‘Primitive Accumulation in Marxism’, in Subverting the Present Imagining the Future, edited by Werner Bonefeld, 67–75 (New York: Autonomedia, 2008) Žižek, Slavoj Welcome to the Desert of the Real (London: Verso, 2002) Index Abensour, Miguel 227n 21 abstract labour 7, 10, 11, 42, 43, 91, 98n 56, 121–4, 137, 139n 23, 140nn 29, 34, 36, 141–2nn 61, 68, 147, 152, 154 in context of systematic dialectics 126 as form of class struggle 125–6 physiological determination of 124 social form of 123–8 as substance of value 124–5 trans-historical treatment of 137 and value form 128–36 and concrete labour 130–2 and double character of labour 128–30 and free labour 87–95, 160, 171, 175 and real-time abstraction 133–6 abstract negativity 35 ad hominem critique 38, 39, 54, 62, 69, 220 Adorno, Theodor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14n 19, 23, 37–9, 43, 46n 42, 48n 71, 49nn 84, 93, 50n 116, 55–7, 62, 63, 65–6, 69, 72n 44, 86, 96n 22, 101, 114, 120n 77, 127, 138n 7, 141n 41, 165, 196, 198, 208, 213, 222, 227n 17, 228n 29 Dialectic of the Enlightenment 1, 48n 84, 96n 22, 138n 87, 205 Negative Dialectics 4–5, 73n 63 Agnoli, Johannes 13n 13, 72n 36, 75n 109, 186n 6, 190n 77 Alliez, Eric 141n 51 Althusser, Louis 22, 28, 32, 35, 46n 42, 49n 90, 50n 116, 61, 99n 69, 117n 21, 120n 74, 220 Altvater, Elmar 160n 1, 161n 7, 186n American Zionism 202 Amin, Samir 80 Anderson, Perry 13n 14, 50n 116, 202, 204 anti-capitalism and antisemitism 199–210, 214n 12 abstraction and 205–8 finance and industry and 209–12 on critique of capital personifications 195–9 and society in critical and theological perspectives 212–14 anti-humanism, theoretical 28–9, 35 anti-imperialism 197, 201, 216n 44 antisemitism see under anticapitalism Arthur, Chris 13n 14, 15n 41, 16n 57, 50n 121, 56, 88, 89, 123, 125–7, 140n 34, 141nn 41–2, 143n 109 Auschwitz 198, 205, 208, 212, 214nn 12–13, 216n 45 authoritarian liberalism 191n 86 automaticity, of inverted society 71n 10 autonomization, law of 8–9, 84, 91 Backhaus, Hans-Georg 3, 7–8, 13n 16, 47n 46, 50n 113, 74n 91, 89, 98n 56, 140n 36, 188n 41 Balibar, Étienne 30 barbarism 2, 12, 66, 204, 222, 225 base/superstructure metaphor 168–9, 174, 187n 20 Beck, Ulrich 117nn 22–3 240 INDEX Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth 117n 23 Bell, Daniel 25 Bellofiore, Ricardo 13n 14, 132 Benjamin, Walter 14n 23, 37, 95n 2, 97n 22, 187n 20, 204, 222, 224, 226n 3, 227nn 17, 27 Bensaid, Daniel 141n 51 Bentham, Jeremy 162n 50 Bidet, Jacques 48n 63, 120n 73 Blanke, Bernhard 186n Bonapartism 166, 180, 182, 186n Bonefeld, Werner 15n 42, 16n 57, 73n 60, 74n 72, 75n 108, 96n 3, 117n 22, 139n 18, 163n 73, 186n 7, 187n 20, 188nn 41, 44, 190n 77, 216n 36 bourgeois society 66–7, 73n 59, 109, 114, 118n 43, 150–1, 160, 166, 178, 185, 187n 13, 213 as uncivilized 167–8 Bowmaker, Simon 46n 30 Braunmühl, Claudia von 161n 16 Braunstein, Dirk 4, 14n 19, 46n 42, 165, 185n Braverman, Harry 126, 138n Brittan, Sam 25 Buchanan, Pat 215n 18 Budd, Adrian 161n Burnham, Peter 161n 9, 162n 37 Butler, Judith 202 Callinicos, Alex 16n 54, 31, 118n 25, 202, 203 capital 115, 152–4 as autonomic subject’ of bourgeois society 66 as barrier to capital 157 as bewitching force 62, 115 competitive logic of 148 law of 86 personified 156 plethora of 157–8 and primitive accumulation 81 self-valorization of 113 as social relationship 154 see also capitalism capitalism 24, 27, 31–3, 117n 19, 122 and abstract labour 121, 123–4, 138n casino 159, 163n 70, 196 conceptuality of 56 critique of 4, 6, 9–10, 38, 41, 196 and exchange relations 61 hatred of 205 historical presupposition of 87 and labour 29–30 ontologized time in 133 and primitive accumulation 80 purpose of 223 and social relations 47n 42 structuralist analysis of 29 see also capital capitalist wealth 9–11, 40–3, 60, 66, 88, 90, 102, 106, 110–11, 119n 53, 200–1 globalization and 147, 150, 155, 156, 159, 160 time of 122, 125, 129, 130 Carchedi, Guglielmo 139nn 18, 23 Carey, Henry 159 Charnock, Greig 164n 77 civil government, establishment of 172 Clarke, Simon 32, 34, 44nn 2, 4, 9, 116n 16, 119n 53, 159, 162n 37, 163n 61, 185nn 1, 4, 186n class 10, 33 antagonism 9, 70, 92, 93, 107, 167 and classification 102–6 and competition 106–9 and critique 114–15 and labour and surplus value 109–14 relationship 59, 64 social 115 struggle 64, 101–2, 118n 43, 172, 225–6 see also individual entries classical view 3–7, 9–12, 13n 16, 14nn 23, 30, 21, 22, 32–4, 37, 41, 71n 12, 104–5, 109, 115, 128, 130, 136–7, 166, 168–9, 174, 188n 41 Claussen, Detlev 214n 12 Cohen, Gerald 14n 23, 119n 45 INDEX commercial society 22, 169, 170, 171, 173–4 moral sentiments of 171 transition towards 33 conceptualization, significance of 56–9 contractual freedom 59, 107, 170 Coser, Lewis A. 217n 74 cosmopolitanism 197 Cox, Robert 148, 160, 161n Cristi, Renato 191n 85 critical theory, of society see under political economy, critique of Dalla Costa, Mariarosa 16n 56, 95n 2, 160n 83 de Angelis, Massimo 80, 96n 10, 121, 123, 125–6, 136, 141n 42, 228n 43 debasement Debord, Guy 63, 127 democratization of society, danger of 180 demystification 60, 62 demythologization 38 De Vroey, Michel 122, 142n 82 dialectics 15n 33, 54, 67–9, 90, 95, 98n 50, 115 and critique of political economy 67–9 negative 4–5, 11, 120n 77, 228n 29 objective 37 systematic 15n 41, 88–9, 126 tradition dialectics 5–6 dictatorship and freedom 178–81 distributive justice 119n 45 disunity and unity 60, 64, 107, 108, 109, 115 Dobb, Maurice, 138n 11 ‘double character of labour’ 122–3, 128–30, 132, 137 doubly free wage labourer 86, 88, 93, 94, 111, 189n 61 ‘dynamic within stasis’ 86 Eagleton, Terry 14n 23, 34, 105 economic compulsion 59, 84, 106–8, 114, 119n 43, 176, 206, 221 241 economic consciousness 226 economic freedom 169, 175–6 economic objectivity 23, 36–40, 168 economic rationality 24–5, 59, 188n 44 economic theory and economic nature 22–8 significance of 21 Engels, Friederich 5, 14n 30, 36, 42, 182 equal exchange law, as fiction 93 equivalence exchange, and money essence, appearance of 63–7 Eucken, Walter 188n 47 exchange value 3, 9, 38, 42–3, 65, 91, 122, 128, 129, 131–2, 134–5, 196, 210 existentialism 73n 60 Federici, Silvia 16n 56, 95n Ferguson, Adam 33 fetishism 197 abstract labour 137 of commodities 2–3, 37, 40, 44n 1, 54, 62, 90, 91, 93, 122, 210 critique of 8, 39, 63, 210 and world market 152–5 financial capital 158, 211 Fine, Robert 186n Fineschi, Roberto 13n 14, 98n 50 Foster, John Bellamy 163n 70 Foucault, Michel 187n 30, 188n 44, 189n 66 Franklin, Benjamin 127, 140n 29 free economy and market police see neoliberalism freeman and slave, comparison of 83, 97n 32 Friedman, Milton 190n 81 Friedrich, Carl 178, 180–1 Gambino, Ferruccio 119n 59 Giddens, Anthony 90, 117nn 20, 22 Gill, Stephen 147 Gindin, Sam 160n Glassman, Jim 82, 83, 87, 88, 96n 10 globalization see world market governmentality 187n 30 242 INDEX Grollios, Vasilis 71n 16 Gunn, Richard 75n 108, 107 Habermas, Jürgen 14n 20, 61, 73n 54 Hardt, Michael 197 Harvey, David 31, 46n 31, 47n 50, 79–80 The New Imperialism 79 Haselbach, Dieter 191n 86 Haug, Wolfgang Fritz 29, 32, 47n 47, 139n 23 Hayek, Friedrich 25, 61, 175, 181, 190n 81, 191nn 85, 92 Hegel, Georg W F. 64, 119n 43, 166, 187n 13, 213 Phenomenology 44n Philosophy of Right 167 Science of Logic 89 Heinrich, Michael 5, 10, 13n 14, 142n 79 Heller, Herman 191n 86 Hennis, Wilhelm 190n 80 Hill, Christopher 99n 62 Hirsch, Joachim 151, 186n historical materialism 36, 56, 65, 70, 139n 27, 222–3 critique of 48n 71 Engels’ view of 36 structuralist idea of 31 traditional Marxist conception of 37 historicity 37–8, 215n 12, 223, 227n 27 history 96–7n 22, 223, 227nn 17, 27, 228n 29 as chain of causality 98n 54 Hobbes, Thomas 204 Holloway, John 44n 9, 47n 46, 95n 2, 118n 43, 137, 185n 4, 186n 6, 213, 228n 28 Honneth, Axel 73n 59 Horkheimer, Max 4, 5, 24, 48n 62, 49n 84, 96n 22, 118n 43, 138n 7, 185n 3, 196, 198, 213 Dialectic of the Enlightenment 1, 48n 84, 96n 22, 138n 87, 205 human practice 60, 62 sensuous 61, 63, 66, 67, 70, 195, 221 ideology, significance of 38, 55 imperialism, critique of 201–2 instrumental rationality 206 inverted forms 6–10, 15n 42, 23, 25, 27, 35, 38, 40, 47n 42, 53, 54, 57, 58, 62–5, 69, 71n 10, 88, 98n 56, 112, 126, 195, 196, 220–1 Itoh, Makato 121, 124, 137 Jameson, Frederic 15n 34 Jay, Martin 14n 20 Jessop, Bob 30, 47–8nn 56, 66, 71, 116n 16, 179, 185n Jevons, William Stanley 44n 6, 45n 30 Jojima, Kunihiro 26 Kaldor, Nicholas 25 Kant, Immanuel 208 Kay, Geoff 140n 34 Keynesian political economy 44n Kicillof, Axel 123–6, 128, 137, 139n 18 Kluge, Alexander 119n 43 Krahl, Jürgen 15n 13, 23n 14, 94n 143 labour abstract see abstract labour actual 133 and capitalism 29, 42, 83, 85 commodified 90 concrete labour 42, 43, 93, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 137, 140n 29, 153, 196, 201, 211 division of 22–3, 33–4, 167 dualistic conception of, and money 210–11 free 87–95, 160, 171, 180, 212 liberal reward for 172 necessary and surplus 111–12, 156–7 INDEX power 43, 65, 92, 94, 102, 106, 107, 109–14, 122, 176, 177, 186n productive power of 22, 33, 153, 155 social 30, 37, 54, 85, 98n 56, 108, 113, 121, 130, 134, 135, 149, 150, 152, 176 standpoint of 3, 9, 37, 54, 55 and surplus value 109–14 trans-historical materiality of 29–30 types of 142n 68 labour theory, of value 122 Laissez-faire 175, 188n 44 see also capitalism Lapavistas, Costas 48n 67 Lebowitz, Michael 217n 60 Lenin, Vladimir 204 Linebaugh, Peter 99n 62 List, Friedrich 162n 31 Lucas, Robert 46n 31 Lukács, Georg 13n 4, 54, 55, 68, 71nn 11, 12, 13, 16, 73n 65, 118n 25, 222 Luxemburg, Rosa 80, 179, 190n 77 McChesney, Robert W. 163n 70 Man 15n 41, 34, 35, 56, 63, 65, 67, 69, 83, 153, 162n 42 concrete 128 as economic Man 22, 27 in existentialism 73n 60 as free labourer 89–90, 189n 61, 214 as highest being for Man 38 image of 198 as member of definite form of society 39 as objectified Man 220 Mandel, Ernest 13n 10, 138n 11 Marcuse, Herbert 4, 73n 60, 185n 3, 224, 226n Marx, Karl 13n 11, 15nn 36, 42, 21, 23, 24, 27, 41–3, 55, 62, 66, 80, 83, 93, 97n 32, 118n 29, 119n 59, 121 Capital 4, 6, 7, 15n 34, 28, 32, 60, 82, 88–90, 107, 125, 140n 29, 185n 4, 211 243 Communist Manifesto 108, 151, 182 Critique 127, 135 critique of political economy 6, 34–9, 47n 42, 97n 22, 117n 23 ad hominem 38, 39 reducio ad hominem 39 critique of Smith and Ricardo 36 critique of trans-historical conceptions of economic nature 38 German ideology 184 Holy Family 171 new reading of, and critique of economic reforms 3, 4, 6–10, 13n 14, 15n 41, 16n 49, 39, 41, 82, 95, 138n 1, 165, 175 Paris-Manuscripts 28 Trinity Formula 104 see also individual entries Meinhof, Ulrike 205 Menger, Carl 59 modern economic theory, conventional view of 34–5 money, as automatic fetish 66 moral sentiments 169–71, 173, 175, 180, 187n 30, 189n 66 moral sociability 171 moral support 202 Mott, James 140n 34 Müller-Armack, Alfred 175 Murray, Patrick 31, 142n 68 Nasioka, Katarina 228n 43 nation state 148, 150–2, 159 see also world market negation and affirmation 221–3 difficulty of expressing 224–5 realism of 225–6 negative dialectics 4–5, 11, 120n 77, 228n 29 Negri, Antonio 62, 197 Negt, Oskar 119n 43 neoliberalism 80, 166, 174–8, 188n 44 American 117n 22 Neumann, Franz 185n 244 INDEX non-cocentputality 56, 69, 220 non-identity 54, 69, 73n 63 objectivity 3, 5, 10, 15n 42, 54, 56, 58, 62–3, 65, 129, 132, 166, 198, 213, 220 of abstract value, time, and value 133 economic 23, 36–40, 168 irrationality 61 social 56 of social labour 135 value 132 Panitch, Leo 160n Pashukanis, Evgeny 186n perfect liberty, system of 169–71 personifications of capital 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 27, 35, 56, 60, 61, 63, 84, 91–3, 101, 108–9, 113–14, 127, 135–6, 156, 177, 184, 195–7, 211, 220 perverted forms 7, 12, 15n 42, 21, 23, 39, 40, 50n 113, 54, 59, 62, 64, 66, 68–70, 84, 89, 92, 102, 108–9, 114–15, 158, 206, 211, 220 Petras, James 202 Picciotto, Sol 185n 4, 186n political economy, critique of 6, 34–9, 47n 42, 54, 97n 22, 105, 108, 117n 23, 122, 182–5 ad hominem 38, 39 appearance of essence and 63–7 as critical social theory 3–6 dialectics and 67–9 reducio ad hominem 39 social praxis and 60–3 society concept and 54–60 subversion and 1–3 political form and force of law 165–8 and neoliberalism 174–8 on police, justice, and moral sentiments 168–74 and political theology 178–81 Postone, Moishe 2, 3, 9–10, 29, 37, 48n 60, 74n 86, 90, 102, 105, 116n 11, 118n 24, 122, 138n 1, 140n 29, 163n 59, 217n 62 post-war political economy 147 Poulantzas, Nicos 28, 116n 16, 118n 24, 185nn 1, 4, 186n practical humanism 28, 35 praxis 14n 22, 222 social 53, 60–3 present, critique of 220–2 primitive accumulation 43, 70–82, 115 secret of 82–7 and value form and free labour 87–95 protectionism 151 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph 27, 36, 196 Psychopedis, Kosmas 16n 49, 75n 108, 98n 50 Ptak, Ralf 188n 44 racism 199–200 real abstraction 1, 6, 8, 9, 24, 25, 38, 39, 63, 66, 67, 70, 71n 10, 90, 91, 96n 22, 127, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 223 Realpolitik 188n 44 reason, significance of 1, 67, 96n 22, 137, 205–8, 223 Reich, Robert 151 Reichelt, Helmut 3, 7, 8, 10, 15n 33, 16n 49, 39, 44n 1, 45n 16, 50n 106, 61, 73nn 54, 63, 89, 120n 71, 138n 13, 140n 29, 142n 68, 165, 185n reification 2, 28, 35, 36, 54, 55, 57, 58, 63, 69, 70, 92, 222 and abstract labour 122 of consciousness 224 of economic categories, subversive of 38 ideology of 38 of time 133 and value 122 Ricardo, David 4, 22, 36, 122, 130, 137, 149, 213 Ritsert, Jürgen 116n Robbins, Lionel 34 Robertson, William 169 Robinson, Joan 24, 25, 26 Robinson, William I. 160n Röpke, Wilhelm 175, 180, 183 Rose, Gillian 14n 22, 216n 40 Rosenberg, Alfred 198 INDEX Rossiter, Clinton L. 180, 181 Rubin, Isaak 121–2, 124–6, 137, 143n 112 Rüstow, Alexander 175, 188n 44, 189n 61, 191nn 86, 88 Saad-Fhilo, Alfredo 48n 67 Samuelson, Paul 49n 75 Sartre, Jean-Paul 215n 20 Scheuermann, William E. 191n 85 Schmidt, Alfred 4, 28, 34, 46n 42, 73n 60, 75n 95 Schmitt, Carl 178–81, 190n 77, 191n 85 Schrader, Fred 140n 29 Schumpeter, Joseph 25–6, 119n 53, 179 scientific Marxism 28–9 Smith, Adam 12, 22, 33, 36, 57, 87, 97n 32, 110, 129, 131, 162nn 26 social antagonism 9, 60, 64, 114, 160 social autonomization social constitution and political economy 21–2 economic nature and capitalistic anatomy 28–36 and economic theory 22–8 economic objectivity and 36–40 social individual 5, 9, 56, 60, 61, 64, 92, 99n 69, 103, 120n 74, 153, 175, 195, 217n 60, 220, 226 appearance of 91, 115 in capitalism 38, 147 and value 63 social labour social laws 34, 57 abstract 61 social life 54, 60, 91, 137 social objectivity 56 social order 160, 168 social praxis 53, 60–3 social reality 1, 27, 39, 122, 131, 132, 166 social relations 5–9, 22, 23, 27, 29, 34, 36–7, 40, 58, 91, 129, 158, 162n 42, 182, 197, 220 autonomization of 116n 11 and capitalism 47n 42, 196 definite, critique of 37 245 depoliticization of 176, 185 of exchange value 38 historically specific 30 humanization of 35 and objective conceptuality 220 real 54, 66, 70 disappearance of 91 and social reproduction 62 social reproduction 62, 66, 93, 117n 23, 157, 196 social stratification 103 social wealth 33, 132 social world 63, 84, 91 socialism 31, 34, 68, 137 national 211 socially necessary labour time 128 Sohn-Rethel, Alfred 54, 65, 71n 10, 185n sovereignty 181 Stalin, Joseph Marxism and the National Question 201 Starosta, Guido 123–6, 128, 137, 139n 18 state see individual entries Stoetzler, Marcel 16n 57, 216n 37 Strange, Susan 158, 163n 70 structuralism 29, 31, 48n 66, 49n 90 structuration 90 subjectivity 62, 63, 206 supersensible world 21, 44n 1, 54, 61–3, 67, 70, 109, 129, 132, 141n 41, 195, 221 surplus value 3, 43, 59, 66, 80, 87, 88, 150, 156, 158–9, 166, 176, 177 and equivalence 106–9 and labour 109–14 reconversion into capital 93 systematic dialectics 15n 41, 88–9, 126 Thompson, Edward Palmer 99n 62 thought and reality, radical separation between 31–2 ticket thinking 203, 224 time, significance of 133 Tischler, Sergio 190n 77 Tomba, Massimiliano 14n 23, 228n 43 totalitarianism 198 246 INDEX traditional Marxism, renouncing of 13n 16 traditional social theory 5–6, 67–8, 73n 60 trans-historicalness 3–5, 9, 22, 24, 29–30, 35–8, 41, 47nn 42, 56, 49n 84, 87, 122–6, 128, 130, 137 Tribe, Keith 189n 66 Trotsky, Leon 201 use-values 3, 30, 42–3, 65, 112, 122, 126, 128–35, 154, 156, 163n 59, 196, 211, 212 validity, as social category 25 value 39, 61, 68–9 and abstract labour 122, 124–5 as capital 43 conceptuality of 82, 150 equivalence 131 exchange 3, 9, 38, 42–3, 65, 91, 122, 128, 129, 131–2, 134–5, 196, 210 form 8, 15n 41, 126 and concrete labour 130–2 and double character of labour 128–30 and free labour 87–95, 160 and real-time abstraction of abstract labour 133–6 labour theory of 122 law of 47–8n 56, 65, 90, 113, 147, 170, 183, 221 money and 64–5 perverted form of 66, 132 phantom-like objectivity of 131–2 as sensuous, supersensible thing 62 and social individuals 63 use- 3, 30, 42–3, 65, 112, 122, 126, 128–35, 154, 156, 163n 59, 196, 211, 212 and utility 46n 30 valorization of 106, 109, 150, 155, 157, 175–6 world-market movement and 154 Vercellone, Carlo 118n 24 Vincent, Jean-Marie 138n Volksgenosse/ Volksgenossen 207, 210, 212 von Mises, Ludwig 188n 44 Wallerstein, Immanuel 201 Washington consensus 197 Weber, Max 119n 45, 204 world market 147–8 and crises 155–9 and fetishism 152–5 and society 148–52 worldview Marxism 5, 35, 55 Wright, Steve 185n Wright, Erik Olin 118n 24 Zarembka, Paul 95n Žižek, Slavoj 202–3 ... or the author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bonefeld, Werner, 1960– Critical theory and the critique of political economy : on subversion and negative reason / Werner Bonefeld. .. the best Contents Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction: Critical theory and the critique of political economy Part one On the critique of political economy as a critical social theory 2 Political. .. UK Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy On subversion and negative reason WERNER BONEFELD N E W Y OR K • L ON DON • N E W DE L H I • SY DN EY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of