the global informations technology report 2015

Insight Report The Global Information Technology Report 2015 ICTs for Inclusive Growth Insight Report The Global Information Technology Report 2015 ICTs for Inclusive Growth Soumitra Dutta, Cornell University Thierry Geiger, World Economic Forum Bruno Lanvin, INSEAD Editors The Global Information Technology Report 2015 is a special project within the framework of the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness and Risks Team and the Industry Partnership Programme for Information and Communication Technologies It is the result of collaboration between the World Economic Forum and INSEAD Visit The Global Information Technology Report page at www.weforum.org/gitr World Economic Forum Geneva Copyright © 2015 by the World Economic Forum and INSEAD All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum ISBN: 978-92-95044-48-7 This report is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustainable forest sources Copy editing: Hope Steele Design and layout: Neil Weinberg TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMER The Global Information Technology Report 2015 (herein: “Report”) presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”) Data in this Report is subject to change without notice The terms country and nation as used in this Report not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable step to ensure that the Data thus compiled and/or collected is accurately reflected in this Report, the World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees: (i) provide the Data “as is, as available” and without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement; (ii) make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its suitability for any particular purpose; (iii) accept no liability for any use of the said Data or reliance placed on it, in particular, for any interpretation, decisions, or actions based on the Data in this Report Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Data contained in this Report The World Economic Forum and INSEAD in no way represent or warrant that they own or control all rights in all Data, and the World Economic Forum and INSEAD will not be liable to users for any claims brought against users by third parties in connection with their use of any Data ii | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 The World Economic Forum and INSEAD, their agents, officers, and employees not endorse or in any respect warrant any third-party products or services by virtue of any Data, material, or content referred to or included in, this Report Users shall not infringe upon the integrity of the Data and in particular shall refrain from any act of alteration of the Data that intentionally affects its nature or accuracy If the Data is materially transformed by the user, this must be stated explicitly along with the required source citation For Data compiled by parties other than the World Economic Forum, as specified in the “Technical Notes and Sources” section of this Report, users must refer to these parties’ terms of use, in particular concerning the attribution, distribution, and reproduction of the Data When Data for which the World Economic Forum is the source (herein “World Economic Forum Data”), as specified in the “Technical Notes and Sources” section of this Report, is distributed or reproduced, it must appear accurately and attributed to the World Economic Forum This source attribution requirement is attached to any use of Data, whether obtained directly from the World Economic Forum or from a user Users who make World Economic Forum Data available to other users through any type of distribution or download environment agree to take reasonable efforts to communicate and promote compliance by their end users with these terms Users who intend to sell World Economic Forum Data as part of a database or as a standalone product must first obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum (gcp@weforum.org) Contents Preface v Espen Barth Eide (World Economic Forum) Acknowledgments vii Alan Marcus (World Economic Forum) Foreword ix John Chambers (Cisco Systems) Foreword xi Cesare Mainardi (Strategy&, formerly Booz & Company) Executive Summary xiii Soumitra Dutta (Cornell University), Thierry Geiger (World Economic Forum), and Bruno Lanvin (INSEAD) Part 1: Leveraging ICTs for Shared Prosperity 1.1 The Networked Readiness Index 2015: Taking the Pulse of the ICT Revolution Attilio di Battista (World Economic Forum), Soumitra Dutta (Cornell University), Thierry Geiger (World Economic Forum), and Bruno Lanvin (INSEAD) 1.2 ICTs, Income Inequality, and Ensuring Inclusive Growth 31 Robert Pepper and John Garrity (Cisco Systems) 1.3 Understanding Digital Content and Services Ecosystems: The Role of Content and Services in Boosting Internet Adoption 39 Bahjat El-Darwiche, Mathias Herzog, Milind Singh, and Rami Maalouf (Strategy&, formerly Booz & Company) 1.4 ICTs for Inclusive Growth: E-Entrepreneurship on the Open Internet 49 Michael Kende (Internet Society) 1.5 Creating the Next Wave of Economic Growth with Inclusive Internet 57 Luis Enriquez, Ferry Grijpink, James Manyika, Lohini Moodley, Sergio Sandoval, Kara Sprague, and Malin Strandell-Jansson (McKinsey & Company) 1.6 Developing the Network for Growth and Equality of Opportunity 67 Luis Alvarez (BT Global Services) The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | iii Contents 1.7 CTs in Schools: Why Focusing Policy and Resources on Educators, not Children, Will Improve Educational Outcomes 73 Anurag Behar (Wipro and the Azim Premji Foundation) and Punya Mishra (Michigan State University) 1.8 Big Data Analytics for Inclusive Growth: How Technology Can Help Elevate the Human Condition 79 Mikael Hagstroem (SAS) 1.9 Connected Healthcare: Extending the Benefits of Growth 87 Dale Wiggins (Philips) 1.10 Designing Technology for Inclusive Growth 93 Dominic Vergine (ARM and the Humanitarian Centre) and Laura Hosman (California Polytechnic State University) 1.11 Digital Inclusion and Economic Development: A Regional Analysis from Brazil 101 Juan Jung (AHCIET – CET.LA) Part 2: Data Presentation 2.1 Country/Economy Profiles 113 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles 115 Index of Countries/Economies 117 Country/Economy Profiles 118 2.2 Data Tables 261 How to Read the Data Tables 263 Index of Data Tables 265 Data Tables 267 2.3 Technical Notes and Sources 335 About the Authors 343 Partner Institutes 349 Strategic Partner Acknowledgments 357 iv | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 Preface ESPEN BARTH EIDE Managing Director, World Economic Forum The 2015 edition of The Global Information Technology Report is released at a time when many economies around the world are struggling to ensure that economic growth is equitable and provides benefits for their entire populations Advanced economies have not yet reached their full potential and they struggle with persistently high unemployment, rising inequalities, and fiscal challenges Emerging markets and developing economies are facing stronger headwinds than before and need to adjust their development models to ensure economic growth and a more broad-based distribution of gains As a general-purpose technology, the impact of information and communication technologies—or ICTs— extends well beyond productivity gains As shown in this Report, ICTs act as a vector of social development and transformation by improving access to basic services, enhancing connectivity, and creating employment opportunities Since 2001, The Global Information Technology Report series published by the World Economic Forum in partnership with Cornell University and INSEAD has measured the drivers of the ICT revolution using the Networked Readiness Index For each of the 143 economies covered, it allows areas of priority to be identified to more fully leverage ICTs for development Four important messages emerge from the 2015 edition First, as mentioned above, the ICT revolution holds the potential of transforming economies and societies and of addressing some of the most pressing global challenges of our time Second, this ICT revolution is well under way in some parts of the world In these places, it is even accelerating as a result of the ubiquity of broadband Internet, the democratization of technologies, and the accelerating pace of innovation Third, the ICT revolution has not so far reached large parts of the planet Many of those who stand to gain the most from it are not yet connected In order to better leverage ICTs for development, a higher level of preparedness and better infrastructure and access are needed In this context, government leadership and vision are critical Finally, we observe that digital divides exist within countries Even in the most advanced economies, only certain segments of the population are benefitting from ICTs Many are left behind because of their age, limited digital literacy, lack of access, or remoteness It would be wrong to assume that these divides will be bridged by merely increasing ICT use The Report therefore concludes with a call for action Policymakers must work with other stakeholders to swiftly adopt holistic long-term strategies for ICT development, implement sound legislation, and make smart investments Under the theme “ICTs for Inclusive Growth,” The Global Information Technology Report 2015 offers many solutions and examples of enabling policies and investments to help countries to better leverage ICTs for shared prosperity As the ICT revolution unfolds, it will indeed bring benefits, but it will also bring risks and challenges Some of these are seen in the increasing incidents related to breaches of cybersecurity or cyberwarfare, and in questions related to privacy and the neutrality of the Internet The World Economic Forum is addressing these issues through its Future of the Internet Global Challenge This endeavor aims to ensure that the Internet remains a core engine of human progress and to safeguard its globally integrated, highly distributed, and multi-stakeholder nature It includes the Cyber Resilience initiative, which aims to raise awareness of cyber risk and to build commitment regarding the need for more rigorous approaches to cyber risk mitigation We hope that through this Report and its initiatives, the World Economic Forum contributes to making the ICT revolution truly global, growth supportive, and inclusive The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | v Acknowledgments ALAN MARCUS World Economic Forum In 2001, the World Economic Forum and its partner INSEAD recognized the need for a report such as The Global Information Technology Report (GITR) because of the increasing proliferation of technology and its effects on advancing global competitiveness Now, nearly 15 years later, we are fully experiencing the profound impact that ICTs can bring to businesses, countries, and societies and that stimulate the global economy Although technology presents unparalleled opportunities for advancing inclusive growth, we are still lacking effective policies that can help foster further developments The theme of this year’s edition, “ICTs for Inclusive Growth,” is directly related to the Forum’s commitment to this issue and one of its newest initiatives, launched earlier this year at the Annual Meeting 2015: The Future of the Internet Global Challenge This initiative aims to address some of the global trends that the Report has been tracking for a number of years: digital inclusion and access, cybercrime and cybersecurity, data privacy and usage, shifting business models, and, finally, creating effective and resilient policies for technologies Each year, the ICT Industries and Competitiveness Teams at the World Economic Forum collaborate on the annual production of The Global Information Technology Report Together the teams have seen the series evolve over time to become one of the most respected publications of its kind More and more policymakers and Forum constituents leverage the Report each year to inform their decision-making processes We would like to acknowledge the editors of the Report, Professor Soumitra Dutta at the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University, Thierry Geiger at the World Economic Forum, and Bruno Lanvin at INSEAD The World Economic Forum and INSEAD have been publishing the GITR since 2002; through this longstanding partnership, both institutions have developed the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) to reflect the growing importance of technology and innovation across the world A special thanks also goes out to our Report partners, Cisco and Strategy& (formerly Booz & Company), for their continuous support and engagement for this year’s edition We also wish to convey our gratitude toward the contributors of the Report: Robert Pepper and John Garrity at Cisco Systems; Bahjat El-Darwiche, Mathias Herzog, Milind Singh, and Rami Maalouf at Strategy&, formerly Booz & Company; Michael Kende at the Internet Society; Luis Enriquez, Ferry Grijpink, James Manyika, Lohini Moodley, Sergio Sandoval, Kara Sprague, and Malin Strandell-Jansson at McKinsey & Company; Luis Alvarez at BT Global Services; Anurag Behar at Wipro and the Azim Premji Foundation and Punya Mishra at the Michigan State University; Mikael Hagstroem at SAS; Dale Wiggins at Philips; Dominic Vergine at ARM and the Humanitarian Centre and Laura Hosman at California Polytechnic State University; and Juan Jung at AHCIET – CET.LA Their unique contributions build upon the insights generated by the NRI and enhance the thematic elements and overall distinctiveness of the Report Furthermore, we would like to extend our sincere thanks to Professor Klaus Schwab, Chairman of the World Economic Forum, as well as the core project team: Ciara Browne, Attilio Di Battista, Danil Kerimi, and Oliver Cann More broadly, we also wish to acknowledge the leadership of the Centre for Global Strategies, Espen Barth Eide, Managing Director, and Jennifer Blanke, Chief Economist, as well as the members of the Global Competitiveness and Risks Team: Margareta DrzeniekHanouz, Head, Roberto Crotti, Gaëlle Dreyer, Caroline Galvan, Tania Gutknecht, and Cecilia Serin, as well as the members of the Information and Communication Technology Industries Team, under the leadership of Jim Snabe, Chairman of the Centre for Global Industries, and Murat Sönmez, Chief Business Officer: Aurélie Corre, Aurélien Goutorbe, Qin He, William Hoffman, Dimitri Kaskoutas, Derek O’Halloran, Alexandra Shaw, Adam Sherman, and Bruce Weinelt Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our 160 Partner Institutes around the world and to all the business executives who completed our Executive Opinion Survey The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | vii About the Authors Michael Kende Michael Kende is the Chief Economist of the Internet Society In this capacity, he is responsible for providing strategic insights regarding the economics of Internet issues and emerging trends as well as leading economic research and analyses in order to deepen the Internet Society’s thought leadership in development, policy, and technology issues Prior to joining the Internet Society in August 2013, he was a Partner at Analysys Mason, a global consulting firm focused on telecommunications and media, where he worked with operators and regulators in all regions of the world At Analysys Mason, he was head of the Policy and Regulatory sector, head of the US office, and in charge of developing its Internet practice He has a PhD in Economics from MIT and spent five years as a Professor of Economics at INSEAD before joining the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) At the FCC, he was the Director of Internet Policy Analysis, responsible for managing a wide range of policy analyses and regulatory decisions concerning Internet policy, broadband deployment, and mergers James Manyika James Manyika is a Director at McKinsey & Company, where he is one of the leaders of McKinsey’s Global High Tech, Media and Telecom Practice and the McKinsey Global Institute Based in Silicon Valley, he has worked with many of the world’s leading information and communication technology companies on a variety of issues, including strategy, innovation, and business transformation Dr Manyika has led research on business strategy issues as well as topics related to the global economy—including innovation, competitiveness, productivity, and technology and its impact on business and the economy—and has published in various publications He is also a frequent speaker at industry forums Dr Manyika is a member of President Obama’s Global Development Council, the national Innovation Advisory Board of the US Secretary of Commerce, and multiple other boards Prior to McKinsey, Dr Manyika was on the engineering faculty at Oxford University and a Fellow at Balliol College, Oxford University, a Visiting Scientist at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a Faculty Exchange Fellow at MIT Bruno Lanvin Bruno Lanvin is the Executive Director of Global Indices at INSEAD (Global Information Technology, Global Innovation Index, and Global Talent Competitiveness Index) He is a director on the boards of ICANN and IDA Infocomm (Singapore), and a Broadband Commissioner (www broadbandcommission.org) In 2009–10 he chaired the Global Advisory Council on the Future of Government (World Economic Forum) From 2000 to 2007, he worked for the World Bank in a variety of positions, including Senior Advisor for E-strategies, Regional Coordinator (Europe and Central Asia) for ICTs and e-government issues, Chairman of the Bank’s e-Thematic Group, and Manager of the Information for Development Program (infoDev) In 2000, Mr Lanvin was appointed Executive Secretary of the G-8 DOT Force Before that, he worked for some 20 years in senior positions in the United Nations The author of numerous books and articles on international economics, information technology, and development, he holds a BA in Mathematics and Physics, an MBA from Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) in Paris, and a PhD in Economics from the University of Paris I – La Sorbonne Punya Mishra Punya Mishra is a Professor of Educational Technology and Educational Psychology at Michigan State University, where he also directs the Master of Arts in Educational Technology program He is internationally recognized for his work on technology integration in teacher education as well as his research on teacher creativity The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework developed by him (in collaboration with Dr M J Koehler) has been described as “the most significant advancement in the area of technology integration in the past 25 years.” Dr Mishra’s academic and creative work is published on his website Rami Maalouf Rami Maalouf is a Senior Associate with Strategy& based in Dubai, and a member of the firm’s Communications, Media, and Technology practice in the Middle East He works with telecommunications operators and national innovation programs across emerging markets, focusing on the areas of strategy development, digitization, and operating models Lohini Moodley Lohini Moodley is a leader in McKinsey‘s Telecommunications, Media, and Technology practice in Africa A major focus of her work is on unlocking the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to transform lives, businesses, and national economies in Africa Ms Moodley has been leading McKinsey’s research on digital trends in Africa Her research has provided insight into how consumers and small- and medium-sized enterprises are using the Internet as well as implications for governments and telecommunications operators in the region on how to increase broadband adoption and usage She has contributed to recent reports include Lions Go Digital: The Internet’s Transformative Potential in Africa and Offline and Falling Behind: Barriers to Internet Adoption Ms Moodley also leads a McKinsey program called Remarkable Women in sub-Saharan Africa, which aims to equip high-potential South African women with the skills to become great leaders She has a BSc (Hons) in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics from the University of Cape Town and an MSc in Mathematics from the University of South Africa The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 345 About the Authors Robert Pepper Robert Pepper leads Cisco’s Global Technology Policy team working with governments and business leaders across the world in areas such as broadband, IP-enabled services, wireless and spectrum policy, security, privacy, Internet governance, and ICT development He joined Cisco in July 2005 from the Federal Communications Commission, where he served as Chief of the Office of Plans and Policy and Chief of Policy Development beginning in 1989 There he led teams developing policies promoting the development of the Internet, implementing telecommunications legislation, planning for the transition to digital television, and designing and implementing the first US spectrum auctions Dr Pepper serves on the board of the US Telecommunications Training Institute (USTTI) and advisory boards for Columbia University and Michigan State University, and is a Communications Program Fellow at the Aspen Institute He is a member of the US Department of Commerce’s Spectrum Management Advisory Committee, the UK’s Ofcom Spectrum Advisory Board, and the US Department of State’s Advisory Committee on International Communications and Information Policy He received his BA and PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Kara Sprague Kara Sprague is a Principal with McKinsey’s Business Technology Office in San Francisco She is a leader in McKinsey’s Software and Services, Cloud, and IT Infrastructure practices She works with enterprise and consumer technology providers, specializing in technology disruptions (e.g., cloud, big data, mobility, cyber security) and bringing substantial experience in corporate and business unit strategy, product and services strategy, go-to-market, and business-building Ms Sprague is an active contributor to McKinsey’s external and internal research She was recently the lead author of the report Offline and Falling Behind: Barriers to Internet Adoption, and has authored several articles on technology-related topics that have been featured in the McKinsey Quarterly, Recall, and the Financial Times She is also a frequent speaker at industry forums Before joining McKinsey, Ms Sprague worked at Oracle Corporation, Hewlett Packard, and Agilent Technologies She has three degrees from MIT: Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Master of Science in Technology and Public Policy Sergio Sandoval Sergio Sandoval is a Senior Expert in McKinsey & Company’s Brussels Office Mr Sandoval joined the firm in late 2001 and has been part of McKinsey’s global efforts in regulation, regulatory economics, and stakeholder management for the past six years He has been a lead author in the annual Global Information Technology Report of the World Economic Forum since 2005, with articles focused on topics of regulation, nextgeneration networks, and the economic impact of highspeed broadband networks He is also the key liaison person between McKinsey and the European Union—his Brussels-based location enables him to maintain high-level contacts and get information first hand from key European industry stakeholders in Brussels such as the European Telecommunications Network Operators’ Association (ETNO), the European Competitive Telecommunications Association (ECTA), the Centre for European Political Studies (CEPS), and EurActiv Prior to joining McKinsey, Mr Sandoval worked with Colombia’s Presidency of the Republic as Economic Advisor to the President He obtained a BS and an MA in Economics from Los Andes University in Colombia, and an MBA with high honors from Solvay Business School Malin Strandell-Jansson Malin Strandell-Jansson is a Knowledge Expert in McKinsey & Company’s Stockholm Office, specializing in telecommunications regulation She is working for McKinsey & Company’s global telecom practice and is closely affiliated with the strategy practice regulatory service line Between 2006 and 2010 she held the position of Team Leader for McKinsey’s global group of analysts focusing on mobile telecommunications research, and has served as the coordinator for McKinsey’s marketing and sales special interest group She holds a Master of Law in Law and Information Technology from Stockholm University in Sweden and a Political Science degree with a major in International Law from Åbo Akademi in Finland Milind Singh Milind Singh is a principal with Strategy& in Dubai and a member of the firm’s Communications, Media, and Technology practice in the Middle East He works with policymakers, regulators, and operators across emerging markets, helping them navigate change and maximize their returns from digitization 346 | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 Dominic Vergine Dominic Vergine was appointed Head of Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility at ARM in December 2013 He is responsible for developing ARM’s sustainability and corporate responsibility programs Mr Vergine is currently driving several initiatives focused on delivering technology across the developing world and exploring ways that technology can help improve global sustainability He is also involved in company reporting, marketing, business development, government affairs, and public policy for the sustainable development of ARM Prior to ARM, Mr Vergine co-founded Iceni Mobile, Aptivate and Vertus Tech As CEO of Aptivate, he worked with governments and international agencies across Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa to focus on technology for international development (ICT4D) Mr Vergine is also Chair of Trustees and Co-Founder of The Humanitarian Centre He has a Master degree in English Literature from the University of Oxford and a PostGraduate Certificate in Sustainable Business from the University of Cambridge About the Authors Dale Wiggins Dale Wiggins is Vice President and General Manager of the Philips HealthSuite Digital Platform (HSDP) HSDP is the core infrastructure for Philips solutions, with patientcentricity and continuity of care built into the design HealthSuite is fully open in order to create a rich ecosystem that can enable continuum of care with big data and integrated clinical solutions Previously, Mr Wiggins was General Manager of Philips Research North America, leading the laboratory contributing to global research programs in the fields of healthcare and lighting Prior to this appointment, he was Chief Technology Officer of the Patient Care and Clinical Informatics business He drove strategic technology plans and oversaw activities related to several principal healthcare industry themes, including systems integration within the hospital enterprise architecture, clinical decision support, interoperability standards, and outcomes improvement studies and other clinical research Mr Wiggins joined Philips in 2001 from Hewlett-Packard, where he held various management, architecture, and engineering positions He holds BS and MS degrees in Computer and Systems Engineering The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 347 Partner Institutes The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network is pleased to acknowledge and thank the following organizations as its valued Partner Institutes, without which the realization of The Global Information Technology Report 2015 would not have been feasible: Albania Institute for Contemporary Studies (ISB) Artan Hoxha, President Elira Jorgoni, Senior Expert Endrit Kapaj, Expert Algeria Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement (CREAD) Mohamed Yassine Ferfera, Director Khaled Menna, Research Fellow Angola InAngol Luis Verdeja, Chief Executive Officer Argentina IAE—Universidad Austral Nicolás Bernabé, Research Analyst Eduardo Fracchia, Director of Academic Department of Economics Armenia Economy and Values Research Center Manuk Hergnyan, Chairman Sevak Hovhannisyan, Board Member and Senior Associate Tamara Karapetyan, Research Associate Australia Australian Industry Group Gareth Shaw, Research Coordinator Julie Toth, Chief Economist Innes Willox, Chief Executive Officer Austria Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) Karl Aiginger, Director Gerhard Schwarz, Coordinator, Survey Department Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Marketing Society Fuad Aliyev, Deputy Chairman Ashraf Hajiyev, Consultant Bahrain Bahrain Economic Development Board Kamal Bin Ahmed, Minister of Transportation and Acting Chief Executive of the Economic Development Board Nada Azmi, Manager, Economic Planning and Development Bangladesh Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) Kishore Kumer Basak, Senior Research Associate Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Additional Research Director Mustafizur Rahman, Executive Director Barbados The Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of West Indies (UWI) Don D Marshall, Acting Director Belgium Vlerick Business School Wim Moesen, Professor Leo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence Centre Entrepreneurship, Governance and Strategy Bhutan Bhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BCCI) Phub Tshering, Secretary General Kesang Wangdi, Deputy Secretary General Druk Holding & Investment Randall Krantz, Strategy Adviser Bosnia and Herzegovina MIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo Zlatko Lagumdzija, Professor Zeljko Sain, Executive Director Jasmina Selimovic, Assistant Director Botswana Botswana National Productivity Centre Letsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and Statistician Baeti Molake, Executive Director Phumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research Services Department Brazil Fundaỗóo Dom Cabral, Innovation Center Carlos Arruda, Associate Dean for Business Partnership, Professor of Innovation and Competitiveness Herica Righi, Associate Professor Brunei Darussalam Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources Pehin Dato Yahya Bakar, Minister Normah Suria Hayati Jamil Al-Sufri, Permanent Secretary Bulgaria Center for Economic Development Adriana Daganova, Expert, International Programmes and Projects Anelia Damianova, Senior Expert Burkina Faso lnstitut Supérieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP) Bonayi Hubert Dabire, Deputy Director Jean Franỗois Kobiane, Director Justin Zoma, Student The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 349 Partner Institutes Burundi University Research Centre for Economic and Social Development (CURDES), National University of Burundi Dieudonné Gahungu, Director Charles Kabwigiri, Dean Gilbert Niyongabo, Head of Department, Faculty of Economics and Management Cambodia Nuppun Institute for Economic Research (NUPPUN) Pheakdey Em, Research Associate Pisey Khin, Director Pheakdey Pheap, Research Assistant Cameroon Comité de Compétitivité (Competitiveness Committee) Jean-Jacques Ngouang, Operations Director Lucien Sanzouango, General Manager Canada The Conference Board of Canada Michael R Bloom, Vice-President Jessica Edge, Research Associate Douglas Watt, Director Cape Verde INOVE RESEARCHInvestigaỗóo e Desenvolvimento, Lda Emanuel Carvalho, Project Manager Júlio Delgado, Partner and Senior Researcher José Mendes, Chief Executive Officer Chad Groupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du Projet Pétrole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC) Antoine Doudjidingao, Researcher Gilbert Maoundonodji, Director Celine Nénodji Mbaipeur, Programme Officer Chile School of Government, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Ignacio Briones, Dean Julio Guzman, Assistant Professor Pamela Saavedra, Assistant China Institute of Economic System and Management, National Development and Reform Commission Chen Wei, Research Fellow Dong Ying, Professor Zhou Haichun, Deputy Director and Professor China Center for Economic Statistics Research, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Bojuan Zhao, Professor Lu Dong, Professor Jian Wang, Associate Professor Hongye Xiao, Professor Huazhang Zheng, Associate Professor Colombia National Planning Department Rodrigo Moreira, Director of Enterprise Development Sara Patricia Rivera, Research Analyst John Rodríguez, Project Manager Colombian Private Council on Competitiveness Rosario Córdoba, President Marco Llinás, Vicepresident Côte d’Ivoire Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Côte d’Ivoire Anzoumane Diabakate, Head of Communications Jean Rock Kouadio-Kirine, Head of Regional Economic Information Marie-Gabrielle Varlet-Boka, Director General 350 | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 Croatia National Competitiveness Council Jadranka Gable, Advisor Kresimir Jurlin, Research Fellow Cyprus European University Cyprus, Research Center Maria Markidou-Georgiadou, Consultant Bambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomic and Academic Research Czech Republic CMC Graduate School of Business Tomáš Janča, Executive Director Czech Management Association Ivo Gajdoš, Executive Director University of Economics, Faculty of International Relations Štěpán Müller, Dean Denmark Danish Technological Institute, Center for Policy and Business Analysis Hanne Shapiro, Director Stig Yding Sørensen, Team Manager Ecuador ESPAE Graduate School of Management, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) Virginia Lasio, Director Andrea Samaniego Díaz, Project Assistant Sara Wong, Professor Egypt The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES) Iman Al-Ayouty, Senior Economist Tarek El-Ghamrawy, Economist Omneia Helmy, Director of Research Estonia Estonian Institute of Economic Research (ECES) Marje Josing, Director Estonian Development Fund Tõnis Arro, Chief Executive Officer Ethiopia African Institute of Management, Development and Governance Zebenay Kifle, General Manager Tegenge Teka, Senior Expert Finland ETLA—The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Markku Kotilainen, Research Director Petri Rouvinen, Research Director Vesa Vihriälä, Managing Director France HEC Paris Marina Kundu, Associate Dean in charge of Executive Education Bernard Ramanantsoa, Dean Gabon Confédération Patronale Gabonaise Regis Loussou Kiki, General Secretary Gina Eyama Ondo, Assistant General Secretary Henri Claude Oyima, President Gambia, The Gambia Economic and Social Development Research Institute (GESDRI) Makaireh A Njie, Director Partner Institutes Georgia Business Initiative for Reforms in Georgia Tamara Janashia, Executive Director Giga Makharadze, Founding Member of the Board of Directors Mamuka Tsereteli, Founding Member of the Board of Directors Germany WHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management Ralf Fendel, Professor of Monetary Economics Michael Frenkel, Professor, Chair of Macroeconomics and International Economics Ghana Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) Patricia Addy, Projects Officer James Asare-Adjei, President Seth Twum-Akwaboah, Executive Director Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture, Department of Economic Affairs Hamed Nikraftar, Project Manager Farnaz Safdari, Research Associate Homa Sharifi, Research Associate Ireland Institute for Business Development and Competitiveness School of Economics, University College Cork Justin Doran, Principal Associate Eleanor Doyle, Director Catherine Kavanagh, Principal Associate Forfás, Economic Analysis and Competitiveness Department Adrian Devitt, Manager Conor Hand, Economist Greece SEV Hellenic Federation of Enterprises Michael Mitsopoulos, Senior Advisor, Infrastructures and Business Environment Thanasis Printsipas, Economist, Entrepreneurship Israel Manufacturers Association of Israel (MAI) Dan Catarivas, Foreign Trade & International Relations Director Amir Hayek, Managing Director Zvi Oren, President Guatemala FUNDESA Felipe Bosch G., President of the Board of Directors Pablo Schneider, Economic Director Juan Carlos Zapata, Chief Executive Officer Italy SDA Bocconi School of Management Paola Dubini, Associate Professor, Bocconi University Francesco A Saviozzi, SDA Professor, Strategic and Entrepreneurial Management Department Guinea Confédération Patronale des Entreprises de Guinée Mohamed Bénogo Conde, Secretary-General Jamaica Mona School of Business & Management (MSBM), The University of the West Indies Patricia Douce, Project Administrator William Lawrence, Director, Professional Services Unit Densil Williams, Executive Director and Professor Guyana Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana Karen Pratt, Research Associate Tessa Pratt, Research Associate Clive Thomas, Director Haiti Group Croissance SA Jean-Hubert Legendre, Head of Administration and Finance Kesner Pharel, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce David O’Rear, Chief Economist Federation of Hong Kong Industries Alexandra Poon, Director Hungary KOPINT-TÁRKI Economic Research Ltd Éva Palócz, Chief Executive Officer Peter Vakhal, Project Manager Iceland Innovation Center Iceland Karl Fridriksson, Managing Director of Human Resources and Marketing Tinna Jóhannsdóttir, Marketing Manager Snaebjorn Kristjansson, Operational R&D Manager India Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General Danish A Hashim Director, Economic Research Marut Sen Gupta, Deputy Director General Indonesia Center for Industry, SME & Business Competition Studies, University of Trisakti Tulus Tambunan, Director Japan Keio University Yoko Ishikura, Professor, Graduate School of Media Design Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global Security Research Institute Jiro Tamura, Professor of Law, Keio University In cooperation with Keizai Doyukai (Japan Association of Corporate Executives) Kiyohiko Ito, Managing Director, Keizai Doyukai Jordan Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Kawther Al-Zou’bi, Head of Competitiveness Division Ibrahim Saif, Minister Kazakhstan National Analytical Centre Aktoty Aitzhanova, Deputy Chairperson Anastassiya Iskaliyeva, Project Manager Vladislav Yezhov, Chairman Kenya Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi Paul Kamau, Senior Research Fellow Dorothy McCormick, Research Professor Winnie Mitullah, Director and Associate Research Professor Korea, Republic of Korea Development Institute Byungkoo Cho, Executive Director, Economic Information Education Center Seungjoo Lee, Research Associate, Public Opinion Analysis Unit Youngho Jung, Head, Public Opinion Analysis Unit Kuwait Kuwait National Competitiveness Committee Adel Al-Husainan, Committee Member Fahed Al-Rashed, Committee Chairman Sayer Al-Sayer, Committee Member The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 351 Partner Institutes Kyrgyz Republic Economic Policy Institute Lola Abduhametova, Program Coordinator Marat Tazabekov, Chairman Lao PDR Enterprise & Development Consultants Co., Ltd Latvia Stockholm School of Economics in Riga Arnis Sauka, Head of the Centre for Sustainable Development Lebanon Bader Young Entrepreneurs Program Fadi Bizri, Managing Director Farah Shamas, Program Coordinator Mauritania Bicom-Service Commercial Guèye Ibrahima, Administrative Financial Director and Analyst Ousmane Samb, Technical and Marketing Director and Analyst Habib Sy, Director Général Mauritius Board of Investment, Mauritius Manaesha Fowdar, Investment Executive, Competitiveness Khoudijah Maudarbocus-Boodoo, Director Ken Poonoosamy, Managing Director Joint Economic Council Raj Makoond, Director Lesotho Private Sector Foundation of Lesotho Nthati Mapitsi, Researcher Thabo Qhesi, Chief Executive Officer Kutloano Sello, President, Researcher Mexico Center for Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness Erika Ruiz Manzur, Executive Director René Villarreal Arrambide, President and Chief Executive Officer Rodrigo David Villarreal Ramos, Director Libya Libya Development Policy Center Mohamed Hammuda, Project Coordinator Mohamed A Wefati, Managing Director Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (IMCO) Gabriela Alarcon, Research Director Juan E Pardinas, General Director María Zimbrón Alva, Communication Coordinator Lithuania Statistics Lithuania Ona Grigiene, Deputy Head, Knowledge Economy and Special Surveys Statistics Division Vilija Lapeniene, Director General Gediminas Samuolis, Head, Knowledge Economy and Special Surveys Statistics Division Ministry of the Economy Adolfo Cimadevilla Cervera, Technical Secretary for Competitiveness Sergio Merino González, Deputy General Director for Competitiveness María del Rocío Ruiz Chávez, Undersecretary for Competitiveness and Standardization Luxembourg Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce Annabelle Dullin, Research Analyst Carlo Thelen, Chief Economist, Director General Lynn Zoenen, Research Analyst Moldova Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM) Grigore Belostecinic, Rector Macedonia, FYR National Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness Council (NECC) Dejan Janevski, Project Coordinator Mongolia Open Society Forum (OSF), Mongolia Oyunbadam Davaakhuu, Manager of Economic Policy Erdenejargal Perenlei, Executive Director Madagascar Centre of Economic Studies, University of Antananarivo Ravelomanana Mamy Raoul, Director Razato Rarijaona Simon, Executive Secretary Montenegro Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses (ISSP) Maja Drakic Grgur, Project Manager Jadranka Kaludjerovic, ISSP Program Director Veselin Vukotic, President Malawi Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Hope Chavula, Manager, Public Private Dialogue Chancellor L Kaferapanjira, Chief Executive Officer Malaysia Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC) Mohd Razali Hussain, Director General Lee Saw Hoon, Senior Director Mali Groupe de Recherche en Economie Appliquée et Théorique (GREAT) Massa Coulibaly, Executive Director Malta Competitive Malta—Foundation for National Competitiveness Margrith Lutschg-Emmenegger, Vice President Adrian Said, Chief Coordinator Isabel Sultana Cassar, Research Coordinator 352 | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 Institute of Economic Research and European Studies (IERES) Corneliu Gutu, Director Morocco Confédération Générale des Entreprises du Maroc (CGEM) Meriem Bensalah Cheqroun, President Si Mohamed Elkhatib, Project Head, Commission Climat des Affaires et Partenariat Public Privé Ahmed Rahhou, President, Commission Climat des Affaires et Partenariat Public Privé Mozambique EconPolicy Research Group, Lda Peter Coughlin, Director Mwikali Kieti, Project Coordinator Myanmar Centre for Economic and Social Development of Myanmar Development Resource Institute (MDRI-CESD) Min Zar Ni Lin, Research Associate U Myint, Chief U Zaw Oo, Executive Director Partner Institutes Namibia Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) Graham Hopwood, Executive Director Leon Kufa, Research Associate Lizaan van Wyk, Research Associate Portugal PROFORUM, Associaỗóo para o Desenvolvimento da Engenharia Ilídio António de Ayala Serơdio, Vice President of the Board of Directors Nepal Centre for Economic Development and Administration (CEDA) Ramesh Chandra Chitrakar, Professor, Country Coordinator and Project Director Ram Chandra Dhakal, Executive Director and Adviser Mahendra Raj Joshi, Member Fórum de Administradores de Empresas (FAE) Paulo Bandeira, General Director Luis Filipe Pereira, President of the Board of Directors Antonio Ramalho, Member of the Board of Directors Netherlands INSCOPE: Research for Innovation, Erasmus University Rotterdam Henk W Volberda, Director and Professor New Zealand The New Zealand Initiative Oliver Hartwich, Executive Director BusinessNZ Phil O’Reilly, Chief Executive Nigeria Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) Frank Nweke II, Director General Olajiire Onatade-Abati, Research Analyst Sope Williams-Elegbe, Associate Director & Head of Research Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 3000, Inc Francisco Garcia, President Instituto de Competitividad Internacional, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico Francisco Montalvo, Project Coordinator Qatar Qatari Businessmen Association (QBA) Sarah Abdallah, Deputy General Manager Issa Abdul Salam Abu Issa, Secretary-General Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI) Hanan Abdul Rahim, Associate Director Darwish Al Emadi, Director Romania SC VBD Alliance Consulting Srl Irina Ion, Country Coordinator Norway BI Norwegian Business School Marius Nordkvelde, Researcher Torger Reve, Professor Russian Federation Eurasia Competitiveness Institute (ECI) Katerina Marandi, Programme Manager Alexey Prazdnichnykh, Managing Director Oman The International Research Foundation Salem Ben Nasser Al-Ismaily, Chairman Rwanda Private Sector Federation (PSF) Hannington Namara, Chief Executive Officer Andrew R Othieno, Head of Research and Policy Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export Development (ITHRAA) Azzan Qassim Al-Busaidi, Director General, Research & E-Services Pakistan Mishal Pakistan Puruesh Chaudhary, Director Content Amir Jahangir, Chief Executive Officer Paraguay Centro de Análisis y Difusión de Economia Paraguaya (CADEP) Dionisio Borda, Research Member Fernando Masi, Director María Belén Servín, Research Member Peru Centro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), Sociedad Nacional de Industrias Néstor Asto, Associate Consultant Maria Elena Baraybar, Project Assistant Luis Tenorio, Executive Director Philippines Makati Business Club (MBC) Isabel A Lopa, Deputy Executive Director Michael B Mundo, Research Programs Manager Peter Angelo V Perfecto, Executive Director Management Association of the Philippines (MAP) Arnold P Salvador, Executive Director Poland Economic Institute, National Bank of Poland Piotr Boguszewski, Advisor Andrzej Slawinski, General Director Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Daniel Nkubito, Strategy and Competitiveness Division Valentine Rugwabiza, Chief Executive Officer Saudi Arabia Alfaisal University Mohammed Kafaji, Assistant Professor National Competitiveness Center (NCC) Saud bin Khalid Al-Faisal, President Khaldon Zuhdi Mahasen, Managing Director Senegal Centre de Recherches Economiques Appliquées (CREA), University of Dakar Youssou Camara, Administrative Staff Fatou Gueye, Teacher Gisèle Tendeng, Accountant Serbia Foundation for the Advancement of Economics (FREN) Aleksandar Radivojevic, Project Coordinator Svetozar Tanaskovic, Researcher Jelena Zarkovic Rakic, Director Seychelles Plutus Auditing & Accounting Services Nicolas Boulle, Partner Marco L Francis, Partner Singapore Economic Development Board Anna Chan, Assistant Managing Director, Planning & Policy Cheng Wai San, Director, Research & Statistics Unit Teo Xinyu, Executive, Research & Statistics Unit The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 353 Partner Institutes Slovak Republic Business Alliance of Slovakia (PAS) Robert Kicina, Executive Director Slovenia Institute for Economic Research Peter Stanovnik, Professor Sonja Uršič, Senior Research Assistant University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Mateja Drnovšek, Professor South Africa Business Leadership South Africa Friede Dowie, General Manager Thero Setiloane, Chief Executive Officer Business Unity South Africa Nomaxabiso Majokweni, Chief Executive Officer Kgatlaki Ngoasheng, Executive Director, Economic Policy Spain IESE Business School, International Center for Competitiveness María Luisa Blázquez, Research Associate Antoni Subirà, Professor Sri Lanka Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS) Dilani Hirimuthugodage, Research Officer Sahan Jayawardena, Research Assistant Saman Kelegama, Executive Director Suriname Suriname Trade and Industry Association Helen Doelwijt, Executive Secretary Dayenne Wielingen, Economic Policy Officer Kenneth Woei-A-Tsoi, Executive Director Swaziland Federation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of Commerce Mduduzi Lokotfwako, Coordinator, Trade & Commerce Nyakwesi Motsa, Administration & Finance Manager Sweden International University of Entrepreneurship and Technology Association (IUET) Thomas Andersson, President Switzerland University of St Gallen, Executive School of Management, Technology and Law (ES-HSG) Rubén Rodriguez Startz, Head of Project Tobias Trütsch, Communications Manager Taiwan, China National Development Council Chien-Liang Chen, Deputy Minister Chung Chung Shieh, Researcher, Economic Research Department Pao-Jui Chen, Director, Economic Research Department Tanzania Research for Policy Development (REPOA) Cornel Jahari, Assistant Researcher Blandina Kilama, Researcher Donald Mmari, Director of Research on Growth and Development Thailand Chulalongkorn Business School, Chulalongkorn University Pasu Decharin, Dean Siri-on Setamanit, Assistant Dean 354 | The Global Information Technology Report 2015 Timor-Leste East Timor Development Agency (ETDA) Palmira Pires, Director Octavio Ximenes, Field Officer Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Timor-Leste Kathleen Fon Ha Tchong Goncalves, Vice-President Trinidad and Tobago Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business Miguel Carillo, Executive Director and Professor of Strategy Nirmala Harrylal, Director, Internationalisation and Institutional Relations Centre Richard A Ramsawak, Deputy Director, Centre of Strategy and Competitiveness The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Rolph Balgobin, NGC Distinguished Fellow, Department of Management Studies Tunisia Institut Arabe des Chefs d’Entreprises Ahmed Bouzguenda, President Majdi Hassen, Executive Counsellor Turkey TUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum Izak Atiyas, Director Ozan Bakıs, Project Consultant Sezen Ugurlu, Project Specialist Uganda Kabano Research and Development Centre Robert Apunyo, Program Manager Delius Asiimwe, Executive Director Anna Namboonze, Research Associate Ukraine CASE Ukraine, Center for Social and Economic Research Dmytro Boyarchuk, Executive Director Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Leading Economist United Arab Emirates Department of Economic Development—Abu Dhabi, Competitiveness Office of Abu Dhabi (COAD) Mohammed Omar Abdulla, Undersecretary Dubai Competitiveness Office H.E Khaled Ibrahim Al kassim, Deputy Director General for Executive Affairs Zayed University Abdullah AlAmiri, Provost Emirates Competitiveness Council H.E Abdulla Nasser Lootah, Secretary General United Kingdom LSE Enterprise Ltd Adam Austerfield, Project Director Elitsa Garnizova, Project Officer & Researcher Robyn Klingler-Vidra, Senior Researcher Uruguay Universidad ORT Uruguay Bruno Gili, Professor Isidoro Hodara, Professor Venezuela CONAPRI—The Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion Litsay Guerrero, Economic Affairs and Investor Services Manager Eduardo Porcarelli, Executive Director Partner Institutes Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Institute for Development Studies (HIDS) Nguyen Trong Hoa, Associate Professor and Director Du Phuoc Tan, Head of Urban Management Studies Department Trieu Thanh Son, Deputy Head of Research Management Department Yemen Yemeni Business Club (YBC) Fathi Abdulwasa Hayel Saeed, Chairman Mohammed Ismail Hamanah, Executive Director Fawzi Al-Yemany, Project Coordinator MARcon Marketing Consulting Margret Arning, Managing Director Zambia Institute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR), University of Zambia Patricia Funjika, Research Fellow Jolly Kamwanga, Senior Research Fellow and Project Coordinator Mubiana Macwan’gi, Director and Professor Zimbabwe Graduate School of Management, University of Zimbabwe A M Hawkins, Professor Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama INCAE Business School, Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS) Ronald Arce, Researcher Arturo Condo, Rector Lawrence Pratt, Director Liberia and Sierra Leone FJP Development and Management Consultants Omodele R N Jones, Chief Executive Officer The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 355 The World Economic Forum would like to thank Cisco and Strategy& for their invaluable support of this Report Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) is the worldwide leader in IT that helps companies seize the opportunities of tomorrow by proving that amazing things can happen when you connect the previously unconnected At Cisco customers come first and an integral part of our DNA is creating long-lasting customer partnerships and working with them to identify their needs and provide solutions that support their success The concept of solutions being driven to address specific customer challenges has been with Cisco since its inception Husband and wife Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, both working for Stanford University, wanted to email each other from their respective offices located in different buildings but were unable to due to technological shortcomings A technology had to be invented to deal with disparate local area protocols; and as a result of solving their challenge—the multiprotocol router was born Since then Cisco has shaped the future of the Internet by creating unprecedented value and opportunity for our customers, employees, investors and ecosystem partners and has become the worldwide leader in networking—transforming how people connect, communicate and collaborate For ongoing news, please go to http://thenetwork.cisco.com Strategy& is a global team of practical strategists committed to helping you seize essential advantage We that by working alongside you to solve your toughest problems and helping you capture your greatest opportunities These are complex and high-stakes undertakings—often game-changing transformations We bring 100 years of strategy consulting experience and the unrivaled industry and functional capabilities of the PwC network to the task Whether you’re charting your corporate strategy, transforming a function or business unit, or building critical capabilities, we’ll help you create the value you’re looking for with speed, confidence, and impact We are a member of the PwC network of firms in 157 countries with more than 195,000 people committed to delivering quality in assurance, tax, and advisory services Tell us what matters to you and find out more by visiting us at strategyand.pwc.com The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 357 The World Economic Forum is an international institution 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Forty-four of the 50 high-income economies covered in the NRI rank in the top 50, which The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 1.1: The Networked Readiness Index 2015 Table 1: The Networked... pitfalls, The Global Information Technology Report 2015 | 1.1: The Networked Readiness Index 2015 bridging the divides, and allowing everyone to benefit from, and participate in, the ICT revolution THE. .. year, the ICT Industries and Competitiveness Teams at the World Economic Forum collaborate on the annual production of The Global Information Technology Report Together the teams have seen the