Richard miles carthage must be destroyed th ion (v5 0)

Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter - Feeding the Beast: The Phoenicians and the Discovery of the West Chapter - New City: The Rise of Carthage Chapter - The Realm of Heracles–Melqart: Greeks and Carthaginians in the Chapter - The Economy of War: Carthage and Syracuse Chapter - In the Shadow of Alexander the Great: Carthage and Agathocles Chapter - Carthage and Rome Chapter - The First Punic War Chapter - The Camp Comes to Carthage: The Mercenaries’ Revolt Chapter - Barcid Spain Chapter 10 - Don’t Look Back Chapter 11 - In the Footsteps of Heracles Chapter 12 - The Road to Nowhere Chapter 13 - The Last Age of Heroes Chapter 14 - The Desolation of Carthage Chapter 15 - Punic Faith Notes Bibliography Index VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi–110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Published in 2011 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc Copyright © Richard Miles, 2010 All rights reserved Illustration credits appear on pages ix–xi LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Miles, Richard Carthage must be destroyed : the rise and fall of an ancient civilization / Richard Miles p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN : 978-1-101-51703-1 Carthage (Extinct city)—History Rome—History—Republic, 265–30 B.C Hannibal, 247–182 B.C I Title DT269.C35M55 2011 939.73—dc22 2011004123 Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law Please purchase only authorized electronic editions and not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrightable materials Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated http://us.penguingroup.com For my mother, Julie Miles List of Illustrations Aeneas’ Farewell from Dido in Carthage, 1675–6, oil on canvas, by Claude Lorrain, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany Photograph copyright © Elke Walford, 2005 Photo Scala, Florence/ BPK, Bildagentur fuer Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Berlin Panoramic view of Carthage, painting, Musée National de Carthage, Tunisia Prisma/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection Ltd Finger ring with setting adorned with a woman’s head, third century BC, gold, from the Necropolis of sainte-Monique, Carthage Musée National de Carthage, Tunisia Photograph: Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunisie (INP) Finger ring with setting adorned with the profile of a man’s head, third century BC, gold, from the Necropolis of sainte-Monique, Carthage Musée National de Carthage, Tunisia Photograph: Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunisie (INP) Amulets depicting faces, fourth to third century BC, glass, Musée National de Carthage, Tunisia Photograph copyright © Charles & Josette Lenars/CORBIS Relief depicting the unloading of wood after transportation by sea, eighth century BC, stone, Assyrian, from the Palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Iraq Musée du Louvre, Paris, France/Lauros/Giraudon/ The Bridgeman Art Library Votive Punic stele depicting Priest holding a child, fourth century BC, dark limestone, from the tophet of Carthage Musée National du Bardo, Tunisia Photograph copyright © Roger Wood/CORBIS Punic stelae on the cemetery of the tophet, third to second century BC, Carthage, Tunisia Photograph copyright © Dave Bartruff/ CORBIS Votive stele depicting Tanit, goddess of Carthage, holding a caduceus with a dolphin and an inscription, second to first century BC, limestone, Phoenician, from Tophet El-Horfa, Algeria Musée du Louvre, Paris, France/The Bridgeman Art Library 10 Sarcophagus of ‘Winged Priestess’, fourth or third century BC, marble, from the Necropolis of sainte-Monique, Carthage Musée National de Carthage, Tunisia Photograph: Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunisie (INP) 11 Youth of Motya, c 470–450 BC, marble, Greek Museo Giuseppe Whitaker, Mozia Regione Siciliana, Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali, Servizio per i Beni Archeologici, Trapani Copyright © 2008 Photo Scala, Florence, Italy 12 Gold sheet with Phoenician text, fifth century BC, from Pyrgi Museo di Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy Copyright © 1990 Photo Scala, Florence–courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att Culturali 13 Gold sheet with Etruscan text, fifth century BC, from Pyrgi Museo di Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy Copyright © 1990 Photo Scala, Florence –courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att Culturali 14 Remains of a Phoenician ship, third century BC, Marsala, Italy Copyright © 1990 Photo Scala, Florence 15 Stele of Amrit: Melqart on his lion, c 550 BC, limestone, from Amrit, Syria Musée du ... comparisons that have been drawn: Two thousand years ago the Roman statesman Cato the Elder kept crying out, ‘Delenda est Carthago’ Carthage must be destroyed! To Cato it was clear either Rome or Carthage. .. Timoleon defeat the Carthaginians at the Battle of the Crimisus 338 New treaty between Carthage and Syracuse by which the dominion of Carthage in Sicily is confined to the lands west of the river Halycus... and Carthaginians in the Chapter - The Economy of War: Carthage and Syracuse Chapter - In the Shadow of Alexander the Great: Carthage and Agathocles Chapter - Carthage and Rome Chapter - The First