chuyenmachmemvaungdungtrongmangvienthongthehesau 1 2083

ThS DUONG VAN THANH NHA XUAT BAN Bl/U OIEN CHUYEN MACH MEM VA tfNG DUNG TRONG MANG VIEN THONG THE Hg SAU ThS DUONG VAN THANH CHUYEN MACH MEM m VA ffNG DUNG TRONG MANG VI6 n THONG THfi Hfi SAU ^ r~ I NHA XUAT BAN BLfU OI$N Ha Noi - 2006 Ma so: HV 02 HM 06 LCJINOIDAU Hien nay, xu hu&ng hoi tu mang vien thong, mang truyen d u lieu vd mang may li'nh Jang dien manh me tren the gi&i M ang vien thong the he sau (N G N ) dan de dap ibig xu huang T i tim " cua N G N chinh la chuyen mach mem Chuyen mach m em dap ung cho cung cap dich vu da phucmg tien bang rong, co cac ibig dung chinh huang tong ddi qua giang goi (Packet Tandem), tong dai noi hat, VoIP, mang thong tin di dong; co the chuyen tai IP quay sd' khoi mang dien tlioai chuyen mach cong cong (PSTN ); truyen tin hieu thoai qua chuyen mach goi; cung cap cac dich vu thuan IP; ung dung da phucmg tien cho thue bao IP, co the cung cap cho khach hang cac dich vu n h u M M phone C - co cuoc goi den; dich vu da phucmg tien cho phep dien thoai co dinli, di dong, m ay tinh co the cung dam thoai; dich vu vi(a truy nhap Internet vua dam thoai tren m ot duang day dien thoai; dich vu nhdn tin thong nhat cho phep chuyen cac cuoc goi Co the noi cong nghe chuyen mach mem la m ot nhung van de thdi su hien Vcri m uc dich gi&i thieu cu the ve chuyen mach mem, N xuat ban Buu dien xucit ban cuon sach "Chuyen mach mem vd ung dung m ang vien thong the he sau ” cua tac gia ThS Ducrng Van Thanh, Hoc vien Cong nghe Bifu chinh Vien thong Cuon sach dupe trinh bay vcri chuang, chuang dau gi&i thieu ve hien trang, xu huang phdt trien cua mang vien thong va cong nghe thong tin; khai niem c o ban ve N G N va chuyen mach mem Cac chucmg cdn lai cuon sach se de cap cu the ve chuyen mach mem nhu: mo hinh tliam chieu chuyen mach mem (cac m at phang, thuc the chuc nang), cac giao thuc cua chuyen mach mem (giao thuc khai tao phien, giao thuc cong pliuang tien M EG ACO /H 248, giao thuc truyen tai bao hieu SIG TRAN va m ot so ung dung ve chuyen mach mem) Cuon sach se Id tai lieu than: khdo huu ich cho cac cdn bo vd ky thuat vien cong tdc ITnh vuc vien thong; cac nha hoach dinh phdt trien mang lu&i; cac giao vien, hoc sinh nghien cun ve chuyen mach mem, mang the he sau tai cac tru&ng ddo too chuyen nganh Vien thong N xuat ban Buu dien mong nhan dupe y kien dong gop cua quy vi vd ban doc de nang cao chat lucrng cac Ian xuat ban tiep theo Y kien gop y xin gin ve N xuat ban Buu dien - N guyen Du, H a Noi Tran cam cm./ Ha N6i, thang nam 2006 NHA XUAT BAN BUU DIEN Chirong T O N G Q U A N v f i H IE N T R A N G VA X U H U tiN G PH A T T R IE N C U A V lfcN T H O N G VA C O N G N G H E T H O N G T IN 1.1 S I/P H A T TRIEN CUA KY THUAT V l£ N TH ONG VA MAY TINH 1.1.1 Vi6n thong Uoc m o truyen tin di xa da co tCr co xua, song chi thuc sir b it dau phat trien manh me vao khoang cuoi the ky 18 dau the ky 19 Ta hay diem qua nhung moc lich sir quan nhat cua qua trinh phat trien ky thuat vi6n thong: - Vao khoang nhung nam cuoi the ky 18 dau the ky 19 xuat hien dien bao quang hoc (Co hieu) o chau Au d6 truyen tin di xa toi hang tram km/gid Cho toi khoang nam 1840 hau het cac nude chau Au su dung cac he thong tren nh^m muc dich truyln tin phuc vu cho quan su va chinh phu - Sau Michael Faraday phat minh cac hien tuong ve dien tu, voi nhung tmh chat rat quf bau cua dong dien truyen c}an cac moi truong truydn, cac ky su da co gilng tim cach ung dung cac hieu ung dien tu de’ truyen tin thay cho phucmg phap quang hoc Nguoi dau tien dua y tuoiig va da thuc hien cong viec ap dung cac hien tuong dien de truyen tin la William Sturgeon nguoi Anh dung nam cham dien (Electromagnet) - Nam 1822 Francis Ronald da trinh didn “Dien bao” dua tren y tuong cua William Sturgeon Tuy nhien y tuong cua Francis Ronald khong duoc nha cam quyen Anh quoc luc bao tro v'l mang dien bao quang hoc dang rat thinh hanh tai Anh quoc - Nam 1824 tai Niu-ooc giao su Samuel Finley Breese Moorse bat dau quan tarn toi lTnh vuc dien tu va thong tin dien tren co so y tuong cua Francis Ronald - Nam 1831 Joseph Henry (My) sang che chuong dien tu xa va chinh la tien than cua dien bao sau - Nam 1837 dua tren nguyen ly chuong tu xa Moorse da trinh dien cone nguyen tac cua dien bao Mooc tren co so mang dien bao phat trien rat manh me va thirc sir bfit dau danh dau ky nguyen vian thong Cliuyen mach mem va Ung clung mang vien tliong the he sau - Sir kien rat thu vi la vao khoang nam 1866 mot nguoi My la Joshua Coppersmit tin rang co the lam cai ma ong ta goi la “Telephone” tuong tu nha dien bao nhung dd truy6n tieng noi di xa va ong ta da rat nhiet huy£t truyen ba y tudng cua minh Tuy v&y Joshua Coppersmit khong bao g iothuc hien duoc y tuong tuyet voi - Nam 1876 Alecxand Graham Bell da sang che va hoan thien dien bao nhieu kenh va sau sang che may dien thoai thuc hien y tuong huy6n thoai cua Joshua Coppersmit la truydn tieng noi di xa Sang che may dien thoai cua Alecxand Graham Bell co y nghla vo cung dai va sau sac doi voi xa hoi hien dai, m o ky nguydn phat trien manh me cua nganh Vien thong - Nam 1925 John Logie Baird da cong truyen bufc anh truyen hinh den trang dau tien va khoang 1928 nguyen ly truydn hinh mau da duoc phat minh Tiep theo sau sang che cua A lecxand G raham Bell va John Logie Baird la mdt loat cac sir ki6n quan danh d£u thoi ky phat trien m anh m e cua ky thuat thong tin hien dai - Nam 1877: May dien thoai tai nha rieng dau tien dugc dua vao su dung - Nam 1879: Tong dai nhan cong dau tien duoc dua vao su dung - Nam 1881: Cuoc goi dien thoai duong dai ddu tien duoc thuc hien - Nam 1889: Hai anh em nha Strowger sang che tong dai tu dong he tirng nac - Nam 1895: Phat minh Vo tuyen dien - Nam 1915: Cuoc goi dien thoai xuyen luc dia dau tien - Nam 1925: Phat minh ghep kenh theo tan so FDM - Nam 1925: Phat minh vo tuyen truy6n hinh - Nam 1929: Phat minh PCM - Nam 1947: Phat minh Transistor - Nam 1960: Thu nghiem thong tin ve tinh - Nam 1960: Thu nghiem trudng chuy6n mach dien tu dau tien - Nam 1963: Sang che may dien thoai an phun - Nam 1965: Tong dai dien tu SPC dau tien ESS N oi (My) - Nam 1970: Tong dai dien tu so dau tien E10A (Phap) - Nam 1971: Sang che Microprocessor (vi xu ly) - Nam 1976: Tong dai dien tu so hoan toan dau tien DMS100 (Ca-na-da) Chirong I: Tung quan ve hien trang va xu hifcrng phdt trien cua vien thong - Nam 1977: Sang che Internet - Nam 1977: Sang che cap sgi quang - Nam 1977: Sang che th6ng tin di d6ng - Nam 1987: Phat minh mang thong minh - Nam 1988: Phat minh ATM va B-ISDN, m o dau cho c6ng nghe “Mang the he sau” NGN (Next Generation Network) - Nam 1989: Cap sgi quang den nha rieng - Nam 1996: Chuyen mach IP - Nam 1997: Chuyd’n mach m£m - Nam 2001: Cac hang bat d£u ung dung VoIP - Nam 2002: Bat d£u irng dung cac dich vu NGN H inh 1.1: C an trite p h a n cap m ang dien thoai cong cong Cho toi nay, ky thuat vi