Offenders, deviants or patients an introduction to clinical criminology 5th ed

Offenders, Deviants or Patients? Offenders, Deviants or Patients? provides a practical approach to understanding both the social context and treatment of mentally disordered offenders Taking into account the current public concern, often heightened by media sensationalism, it addresses issues such as sex and ‘historic’ sex offending, ‘hate’ crime, homicide and other acts of serious bodily harm This fifth edition is fully updated and incorporates the latest research and reflects recent changes in law, policy and practice, including: • • • DSM-V criteria groundbreaking work on neuro-physiological aspects of psychopathy the Coroners and Justice Act Using new case examples, Herschel Prins draws on his own expertise and experience to examine the relationship between mental disorders and crime and looks at the ways in which it should be dealt with by the mental health care and criminal justice systems Offenders, Deviants or Patients? is unique in its multidisciplinary approach and will be invaluable to all those who come into contact with serious offenders or those who study crime and criminal behaviour Herschel Prins has worked in the fields of criminal justice and forensic mental health for over sixty years He has served on a number of public and voluntary bodies and has authored numerous books and articles This page intentionally left blank Offenders, Deviants or Patients? An introduction to clinical criminology Fifth Edition Herschel Prins First published 2016 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA And by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Herschel Prins The right of Herschel Prins to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Disclaimer: The publisher has made every effort to contact copyright holders for their permission to reprint all third-party material in this book The publisher welcomes correspondence from any copyright holder who is not here acknowledged British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Prins, Herschel A   Offenders, deviants or patients? : an introduction to clinical criminology / Herschel Prins — Fifth Edition   pages cm   Revised edition of the author’s Offenders, deviants, or patients?, 2010  1. Criminal psychology—Methods—Great Britain.  2. Prisoners— Psychology—Great Britain.  3.  Crime prevention—Great Britain.  4.  Forensic psychiatry—Great Britain.  5.  Mental disorders— rehabilitation—Great Britain.  6.  Mental health services—Organization & administration—Great Britain.  I. Title   HV8742.G72P74 2016  364.3'8—dc23  2015006187 ISBN: 978-0-415-72088-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-72089-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-71241-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times by Apex CoVantage, LLC Norma Edna Prins, SRN 12 November 1935–3 November 2010 This book is dedicated to the memory of my wife of over fifty years Always steadfast in support for all my endeavours, such support being instrumental, despite my doubts, in enabling me to produce the first edition of this book way back in 1980 This page intentionally left blank ‘A library is thought in cold storage’ First Viscount Samuel, A Book of Quotations, 1947, p.10 ‘When once the itch of literature comes over a man, Nothing can cure it but the scratching of a pen’ Samuel Lover, Handy Andy, 1842.* *Perhaps, in this day and age, we might substitute word processor for a pen This page intentionally left blank Contents List of figures and tables Note on case illustrations Preface to the fifth edition Foreword Acknowledgements   Concerning the author – reflections and recollections xi xiii xv xvii xix   Troubled and troublesome minds – an orientation 21   The mentally disordered and criminal responsibility – a brief introduction to the law 69   Forensic mental health and service provision 102   Psychopathic disorder – useful concept or moral judgement? 151   Aggression and violence – extending the boundaries 184  7 Homicide 209   Sexual conduct and sexual misconduct 241   Arson – or ‘what you will’ 285 10 Assessing dangerousness – a risky business 303 11 Concluding comments 333 Index 335 338  Index Copeland, D 202 coprophilia 246 Cornwell, P 13, 38, 219 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 80, 90, 92, 233 corporate manslaughter 214t Corrective Training (CT) sentence cortical arousal: defined 161; psychopathic disorder and 161 – 2 Cortoni, F 250 Cotard’s syndrome 42t Cotton, M. A 220, 221 Council for Racial Equality (CRE) 188 Courts Act 1971 Couvade syndrome 42t Cox, M 40, 172, 298, 333 Cracker (TV series) 13 Craissati, J 269, 270, 318 Crane, A 74 Crichton, J 36, 127, 167 Cries Unheard (Seregny) 224 crime: alcohol poisoning and 51; chromosomal abnormalities and 59 – 60; epilepsies and 53 – 5; hypomanic disorder and 31 – 2; mental impairment and 56 – 8; metabolic disturbances and 52; severe depressive disorder and 29 – 31 Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 127 Crime and Disorder Act 1998 202, 257 crime detection, improvements in 12 Crime Scene Investigation (TV series) 14 Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) 189, 190 Crime Watch UK (documentary programme) 14 Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 120 Criminal Damage Act 1971 287 Criminal Homicide Act 231 – 3 Criminal Justice Act: of 1948 3 – 4, 105, 128; of 1961 120; of 1967 5, 136; of 1991 120, 152; of 2003 4, 121, 128, 150, 152, 202, 229, 311 Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 318 criminal justice and mental health care: in 1950s and 60s 5 – 7; in 1970s 7 – 8; 1980s to present 8 – 17; women’s role in 10 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 120, 267 Criminal Law Revision Committee 90 Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act 1991 76, 78, 94 criminal psychopath, described 151 – 2 criminal responsibility: automatism and 94 – 5; diminished responsibility and 79 – 89; under disability in relation to the trial 77 – 9; erosions of 70t, 97; historical background of 72 – 7; infanticide and 89 – 91; intoxicating substances and 95 – 7; involuntary conduct and 93 – 4; legally blameworthiness and 71 – 2; liability and 71; overview of 69; provocation and 91 – 2; responsible, defined 70; synonyms used in describing 70 – 1 Crown Courts, introduction of Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) 102, 112, 190 CSI Miami (TV series) 219 Cullen, F. T 35 culpable and reckless fire-raising 285, 287; see also arson cult killings 214t Culver, K. W 297 cunnilingus 245 cyber-stalking 12 Dadd, R 221 Dahmer, J 88 – 9, 253 Dalton, K 52 Dalziel, T 251 dancing mania 25 danger 309, 312 dangerousness, assessing 303 – 28; administrative aspects of 310 – 11; baseline for 320 – 1; Butler Committee and 311, 312; case vignettes 313 – 17; communication aspects of 318 – 19; history of 304 – 5; homicide inquiries and 323 – 6; improving practice of 321 – 3; legal aspects of 310 – 11; management aspects of 317 – 18; overview of 303 – 4; Scott and 311 – 12; vulnerability and 320; see also risk Dangerousness: Probability and Prediction, Psychiatry and Public Policy (Webster et al.) 304 Dangerousness: Problems of Assessment and Prediction (Hinton) 304 Dangerous People (Walker) 304 dangerous severe personality disorder (DSPD) 152, 165 Index  339 D’Arc, J 152 Darjee, R 127 David, G 173 – 4 Davies, G 197, 226 Davies, M 171 Davies, S 130 da Vinci, L 286 Dawtry, F Day, K 57, 60 Day, M 188 D’Cruze, S 221 death caused by dangerous or careless driving 213 death penalty for murder, abolishment of 6 – 7 de Bracton, H 72 Deception Syndrome 49 decision-making/advisory bodies, national 135 – 9; Home Secretary Advisory Board on Restricted Patients 139; Mental Health Tribunal 137 – 8; Parole Board 136 – 7 De Clérambault’s syndrome 41, 42t; see also erotomania de Hubert, W.H.B 133 dehumanisation 187 de-individualisation 187 Dell, S 80, 91 delusional ideas, schizophrenic illnesses and 35 – 6 delusional jealousy 38 delusions of infidelity 37 dementia paralytica 50 Department for Communities and Local Government 288 Department of Health 107, 108, 155, 164 – 5 depression 25 de Rais, G 152 Der Meer, B. B 200 De Souza, D. S. M 77 Destructive Societies 186 deviant sex 241; see also sexual offences Devils and Demons: The Social Construction of Murder and Murderers (d’Cruze et al.) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) 17, 21 – 2; paedophilic disorder definition in 255; paraphilias definition in 247; personality disorder definition in 155 – 6; pyromania and, diagnostic criteria for 295 Dibdin, M 13 Dickens, G 291, 297 diminished responsibility 70t, 79 – 89; abnormality of mind and 81, 82; case vignettes 82 – 9; in Criminal Homicide Act 233; defence of 80 – 1; history of 79 – 80; Law Commission report and 230 Director of Public Prosecutions 112 Discharge of Mentally Disordered People and their Continuing Care in the Community (DOH, NHS Executive) 320 discrimination, in penal and psychiatric institutions 106 Disposable Society 188 – 9 Disraeli, B 189 dissociation, symptoms of 46 diversionary practice 109 – 19; case vignettes 110 – 11; as discretion 112 – 19; effectiveness of 118 – 19; overview of 109 – 10; stages of 118 Dixon, L 106 DNA profiling, crime detection and 13 dogging 251 Dolan, M 132, 222 domestic killings 214t domestic violence 203 – 4; defined 203 Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 78 – 9 Donovan, M 115 – 16, 130 Dowie, J 304 Down, L 56 Down’s syndrome 56 Doyle, A. C 13 Doyle, P 318 Drummond, R 75 drunkenness 97 dual diagnosis 36 Duffield, G 271 Duggan, C 170 Duggan, E 204 Dugmore, A 200 East, W. N 133 Eastman, N 127 Edmunds, C 221 Egan, V 170, 273 Eigen, P. J 73 Eisler, K. R 154 Ekbohm’s syndrome 42t Eldergill, A 119, 138, 167 electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) 29, 129 electro-encephalogram (EEG) 160 340  Index El-Hadidy, M. A 218 Ellis, R 221 Ellis, V. H 242 Emmelkamp, P.M. G 199 – 200 emotion, disorders of, and schizophrenic illnesses 33 encapsulated delusional jealousy 38 – 9 endogenous affective disorders 29 Enhanced Care Programme 219 Enoch, D 39, 47 epilepsies 53 – 5; crime and 54 – 5; Episodic Dyscontrol syndrome and 55; types of phenomena 54 Episodic Dyscontrol syndrome 55 eroticised repetitive hanging 246 erotomania: criteria for female 41; defined 41 Esquirol, J. E 152 Esterson, A 105 European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) 233, 234, 245 exhibitionism 246 exogenous affective disorders 29 exposure see indecent exposure Exworthy, T 113, 132 Fabricated and Induced Illness (FII) 42t, 49 factitious disorder 49 Fagin, M 139 Fahy, T 35 Fallon Committee 155 familial child sexual offences 263 – 6; classifications of 264 – 5 familicide 211t fantastic lying (pseudologia fantastica) 49 Farnham, F 200 Faulk, M 289 – 90 Fearnley, D 54 Feder, G 203 fellatio 245 Fennell, P 23, 119, 137, 140 Fenwick, P 54, 95 fetishism 246, 275 Fifty Shades of Grey (James) 243 filicide 211t Finch, E 197 fire see arson fire-raising 246 fire-setting 285; see also arson Fitzgibbon, D. W 106, 310 flashing see indecent exposure flexibilitas cerea (waxen flexibility) 34 Floud, J 312 Folie Deux/Trois/Plusieurs 42t Fonagy, P 171 Ford, M 250 forensic archaeology 13 forensic botany 13 forensic entomology 13 forensic mental health 3; Parole Board and 5; service provisions and (see service provisions, mentally disordered offenders) forensic psychiatric see forensic mental health Fowler, K Fowles, A. J 109 Fox, L Frances, A. C 22 Francis, B 298 Franey, S 132 fratricide 211t Freedman, L 23 free-floating 45 Freeman, H 23 Frégoli’s syndrome 42t Frei, A 220 Frei, D 254 Freud, A 154 Freud, S 242 Friedlander, K 154 fringe sex 247 Fritzon, K 152, 291 Fromm, E 186 frotteurism 275 Fudge, E 271 Fukunaga, R 35 functional psychoses 26t, 27 – 8 Furedi, F 261 Further Learning from the Patient (Casement) 172 Future Organisation of Prison Health Care, The (Department of Health) 134 Future Shock (Toffler) 188 – 9 Gage, P 74 Gallowglass (Vine) 27 gang-bangs 269 gang warfare killing 214t Gannon, T. A 269 Ganser, S.J.M 48 Ganser syndrome 46, 47, 48 Garland, J 201 Index  341 Gavin, N 107 Gayford, J. J 247, 252, 272 Geelan, S. D 113 Gelder, M. G 44 Geller, J. L 287 Gender Differences in Stalking Behaviour among Juveniles (Purcell, Pathé and Mullen) 200 Genders, E 133, 321 gender sex 245 General Paralysis of the Insane (GPI) 50 general paresis 50 – 1 genocide 211t, 214t George III, King 25 geronticide 211t gerontophilia 246 Gerritson, T 13, 219 Gibbens, T Gibbon, K 49 Gill, D 47 Gilles de La Tourette’s syndrome 42t Gillies, H 216 – 17 Gittleson, N. L 252 – 3 Glancy Committee 129 Gledhill, R 250 goal seeking 184 golden shower 246 Gordon, H 241 – 2 Gordon, J 169 Goring, M 13 governor, as prison head grand mal 54 Grant, R 224 Grayling, C 318 Green, M. R 163 Gregory, N 226 Greig, D 173, 174 Grendon Underwood Psychiatric Prison 4, 133 Griew, E 71, 228 Grimshaw, J 27 Grounds, A 112, 140, 312 Grubin, D 107, 113, 262, 273 Guardian newspaper 90 Guardianship Order 78 Gunn, J 12, 24, 30, 34, 41, 54, 107, 132, 153, 166, 170, 175, 218, 223, 224, 310 Gunnar-Janson, C 34 Guntrip, H 333 habitual criminals Hacker, D 310 Haddock, A 170 Häfner, H 217 Hagger-Johnson, G 273 Haigh, J. G Haines, A 138 Häkkänen, H 216 Hale, M 73 Hall, N 201 Hall, R 243 hallucinations, schizophrenic illnesses and 33 Halmos, P 333 Hamilton, J 81 Hamilton, T 11, 214t Hampstead Heath Winter Swimming Club 305 – 8 Harassment of Canadian Members of Parliament (Adams et al.) 200 Hardie, T 49, 227 Harding, J 137 Hardy, S.-J 201 Hare, E 24 Hare, R. D 159 – 60 Harmon, R 199 Harris, G. T 170 Harris, M 104 Harris, T 13, 219 Hart, H. L. A 93 Harty, M. A 132 Has Psychiatry Failed in the Treatment of Offenders? (Scott lecture) 168 – 9 Hassiotis, A 108, 271 hate crime 201 – 3; case vignettes 202; described 201; legal aspects of 201 – 2; overview of 201 Hate Crime Project, Leicester 201, 202 – 3 Hayder, M 13, 219 hazard, defined 309 Health and Safety Executive 309 hebephrenic schizophrenia 34 Hedderman, C 262 hedonistic serial killing 215t Heinze, M. C 47 He Knew He Was Right (Trollope) 41 Henderson, C 23 Henderson, D 154, 166 heredity, psychopathic disorder and 161 Hetherington, T 112 Higgins, J 31 High Security Hospital 130 – 2 Hill v Baxter 93 Hindley, M 162, 311 342  Index hindsight bias 11 Hinton, J 304 Hirschfield, M 242 HIV infection 244 HM Advocate v Dingwall 79 Hobbes, T 188 Hodgins, S 34 Hollin, C. R 226, 298 Home Office 107, 110, 155, 164 – 5, 190, 203 Home Office Consultation Document 155 Home Office Probation Training Course 173, 333 Home Secretary 213 Home Secretary Advisory Board on Restricted Patients 139 Home Secretary’s Advisory Board on Restricted Cases homicide 191t, 209 – 34; abnormal 217; biblical references to 210; characteristics of 218 – 19; children who kill 223 – 5; clinical aspects of 213, 214 – 15t; Criminal Homicide Act and 231 – 3; descriptive terms for 211t; Elizabethan literature references to 210; Law Commission’s proposals regarding 229 – 31; laws of 211 – 13; mortality rate of, offenders 217; normal 216 – 17; offender profiling and 225 – 7; overview of 209 – 11; parents who kill children 221 – 3; reform and 227 – 9; serial killer and 219 – 20; social environment and 220 – 1; whole life sentenced prisoners and 233 – 4 Homicide Act 1957 5, 52, 76, 79, 91, 105, 229 homicide inquiries 323 – 6; benefit of 325; inquiry teams and 326; perpetrator and 326; in public or in private debate 324 – 5; report publication/distribution and 326; truth and 325 homosexual acts, male consenting 27 homosexuality, male 6; decriminalisation of 6, 27 hospital, remands to 122 hospital addicts 49 hospital direction, defined 127 hospital hoboes 49 hospital limitation direction 127 hospital orders 123 – 4 Hospital Order with Restrictions 134 hospital service provisions 129 – 33; high security 130 – 2; maximum secure, in Scotland/Ireland 133; overview of 129 – 30 hovering attentiveness 172 Howard, L. M 203 Howard, M 319 Howard, R. C 50 Howitt, D 256 Huberty, J 214t Hucker, S. J 304 Hughes, N. S 217 Hui, C. S 214t Human Aggression (Storr) 185 Humphreys, M 130 Huntington’s disorder 50 Hybrid Order 127 hypomania see hypomanic disorder hypomanic disorder 29; case vignettes 31 – 2; crime and 31 – 2 hysterical amnesia 48 – 9 hysterical disorders 46 – 9; case vignette 47; defined 46; Fabricated and Induced Illness 49; Ganser syndrome 47, 48; hysterical amnesia 48 – 9; malingering and 46 – 7; multiple personality disorder 49; Munchausen’s syndrome 49; pseudo-dementia 47 – 8; symptoms of 46 ICD 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines 22, 28; paedophilic disorder definition in 255; personality disorder definition in 156; schizophrenic illnesses classification by 33 – 4 iceberg phenomenon 27 identity fraud 12 idiopathic forms 54 Iganski, P 201 impostership 49 inability to learn, psychopathic disorder and 162 incendiarism 285; see also arson incest 246; see also familial child sexual offences inconsequentiality, psychopathic disorder and 162 indecent assault 247 indecent exposure 15, 250 – 1, 252; case vignettes 254 – 5; classifications of 253 – 4; clinical aspects of 252 – 3 Index  343 Independent, The 27, 30, 32, 77, 200, 204, 223, 293, 306, 307 infanticide 89 – 91, 213; Law Commission report and 231; women and 213 Infanticide Act: of 1922 213; of 1938 89, 213 infections, organic disorders and 50 information technology, crime detection and 12 – 13 inhibited indecent exposer type 253 in public/in private debate 324 – 5 insane automatism 94 ‘Insanity and Automatism’ (Law Commission) 71 insanity defences, resulting in special verdict 76 Institutes of the Laws of England, The, (Coke) 211 – 12 institutional racism 12, 202 instrumental aggression 184 intentional destruction of a viable unborn child 213 interim hospital orders 123 intermittent explosive disorder 55 internal control 187 International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 119 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, The 119 International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, The 119 Internet: pornography 12; sexual offences and 274 – 5; stalking and 200 – 1 intimate partner violence 203 intoxicating substances 95 – 7 involuntary conduct 93 – 4 involuntary manslaughter 213 Jackson, H 54 Jacksonian epilepsy 54 Jacobs, F. G 72 – 3 Jacobs, J. B 201 Jacobson, R 297 James, D 117, 200 James, E. L 243 James, P. D 13, 243, 322 jealousy 37; case vignettes 39 – 41; delusional 38; encapsulated delusional 38 – 9; intensity of 37; literary descriptions of 37 – 8; triggering events 39 Jeffreys, A 13 John, J 242 Johns, J. H 163 Johnson, J 74 Jones, B 130 Jones, C 130 Jones, F 196 Jones, I. H 254 Jones, M 154 Jonson, B 12, 201 Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology 115, 182, 192 Kafry, D 297 Kahn, J 81 Kamphuis, J. H 199 – 200 Kaul, A 243 Kaye, C 132 Kay v Butterworth 93 – 4 Kearns, A 58 Kellam, A.M.P 59 Kelln, B.R.C 49 Kendall, R 166 Kennedy, P. J 291, 297 Kenny, A 81 Keppel, R. D 226 killing, forms of 214 – 16t; see also homicide kinky sex 247 Kirkman, K 320 Kirtchuk G 169 Kisko, S 59 Knop, J 162 Knowles, G. J 271 Koenraadt, F 216, 233 Kopelman, M. D 49 Koro (Shook Yang) genital retraction syndrome 42t Kucharski, L. T 47 Laajasolo, T 216 Labuschagne, S 214t Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence) 243 Lagach, E. D 37 Laing, J 105, 127, 165 Laing, R 24, 105 Lambie, I 90 Lane, J. C 199 Langton, C 170 latent aggression 184 Laurance, J 26 – 7 Law and Order (Criminal Intent) (TV series) 220 344  Index Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (TV series) 14 Law Commission 71, 90, 92, 94, 218, 228, 229 – 31, 232 – 3 Lawrence, D. H 243 Laws, D. R 247, 263, 269, 274 learning difficulties, indecent exposer and 253 – 4 learning disability see mental impairment Lee, T 170 Leff, J 105 Lefrere, P 304 Legal Aid Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 150, 152, 311 legal issues, with psychopathic disorder 166 – 8 legally blameworthiness 71 – 2 Leibling, A 106 Leon, D 13 less inhibited indecent exposer type 253 Letts, P 119 Levenson, J. S 253, 254 Lewington, N 202 Lewis, G 166 Lewis, N. D.C 289 Lewis, O 55 Ley, J 35 Leyton, E 219 liable, defined 71 Liem, M.C.A 216, 233 Life-Affirmative Societies 186 limbic rage 55 limbic system, psychopathic disorder and 159 limitation direction, defined 127 Lindquist, P 34 Link, B. J 35 Lishman, W. A 49 Little Book of Prison: A Beginner’s Guide, The (Owen) 29 Little Women (Alcott) 197 Lloyd, K. R 130 Lloyd, M. G 116 Logan, C 250 Long Fatal Love Chase, A (Alcott) 197 long-term substance abuse, psychopathic disorder and 162 – 3 Look North (TV programme) 260 Lord of the Flies (Golding) 225 Lucas, P 55 Lynch, M 217 Lysaker, P. H 35 Lyward, G 154, 171 MacCulloch, M 243, 273, 310 Macdonald, J. M 286 Mackenzie, R. D 200 Macleod, M. D 268 Macpherson, W 12, 106 Maden, T 35, 166, 175, 310 Madsen, L 262 mafia-type activity killing 214t Mahendra, B 41 Maier, G. J 169 Maingay, S 140 male genital exhibitionism 252 Malicious Damage Act 1861 287 malingering 46 – 7; see also hysterical disorders Malone, C 325 mania 29 mania potu 51 manic-depressive psychosis 25, 29 manifest aggression 184 Mankell, H 13 Mann, A 163 Mannheim, H 310 manslaughter 212 Manthorpe, J 324 mariticide 211t Markillie, R 333 Marsh, N 13 Marshall, B.C 226 Martin, J 294 masked forms of sexually motivated activities 246 – 7 Mask of Sanity, The, (Cleckley) 152, 163 Mason, F 204 Masters, B 87, 253 Matravers, A 249 – 50, 270 Matschinger, H 23 Mattinson, J 199 McCabe, S 134 McCord, W 162 McDermid, V 13, 219 McDermott, M 187 McEwan, T. E 200 McGhee, D 106 McGrath, P 222, 323 McGuffin, P 161 McGuire, B 197 McKenna, B 211 McKenzie, N 128 McNaghten Rules McNeil, D. E 34 Meaden, A 310 Megan’s Law 257 Index  345 Meloy, J. R 200 mens rea 71 Mental Deficiency Act 1913 105, 117, 154 mental disturbance, defined 23 mental disturbance/disorders 21 – 61; affective disorders 26t, 28 – 9; casual links with criminality and 24 – 7; categories of 26t; caution note 60; chromosomal abnormalities 59 – 60; classification of 26t; crime and 29 – 31; DSM-5 definition of 21; erotomania 41; functional psychoses 27 – 8; hypomanic disorder 31 – 2; lesser known conditions 42t; Mental Health Act of 2007 definition of 23; misnomers 27; neuroses/psycho-neuroses 43 – 9; organic/allied conditions and 50 – 9; paranoid schizophrenia/states 34, 36 – 41; schizophrenias 25, 32 – 6; severe depressive disorder 28, 29 – 31 Mental Health Act 1959 5 – 6, 76, 113; management of mentally disturbed offenders 105; Mental Health Review Tribunals 6; psychopathic disorder category Mental Health Act 1983 2, 9, 76, 78, 105, 152, 293, 311; hospital remands 122 – 6, 127; psychopathic disorder, legal definition of 156 Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995 152 Mental Health (Public Safety and Appeals) (Scotland) Act 1999 167 Mental Health Act 2007 9, 76, 106, 137, 152; absolute discharge order and 79; Community Treatment Orders 149; management of mentally disturbed offenders 105; mental disorder definition in 23; service provisions in 139 – 40 Mental Health Act Commission 9, 138 mental health in-reach services 134 mental health services Mental Health Tribunal (MHT) 124, 137 – 8 Mental Health (Review) Tribunal (MHRT) 6, 27; discharge of offender-patients and 9; service provisions and 124, 126, 127, 135 mental illness, indecent exposer and 253 mental impairment 55 – 9; case vignettes 58; causes for 56; crime and 56 – 8; defined 55 – 6; descriptive terms 56; suggestibility and 59 mental state/allied matters, inquiries into 121 – 9; hospital, remands to 122; hospital/limitation directions 127; hospital orders 123 – 4; interim hospital orders 123; overview of 121 – 2; prisoners, transfer of 127 – 8; psychiatric probation orders 128 – 9; restriction orders 124 – 7; treatment, remands for 122 – 3 Mental Welfare Officers mercy killing, Law Commission report and 231 Messiah (TV series) 14 metabolic disturbances 52 Mezey, G 259, 262 mild depression 28, 44 – 5 Millan, D 167 Miller, S 291 Millon, T 152, 158 Ministry of Justice 190 Minor, W. C 221 minority sexual practices 247 minor offences, schizophrenic illnesses and 42 – 3 missionary serial killing 215t Mitchell, D 50 Mitchell, F 213 Mitchell, J 138 M’Naghten, D 75, 85 M’Naghten madness 70t, 75 – 6 Modernising Mental Health Services (DOH) 25 Monahan, J 35, 309 Moncrieff, J 140 Moody, E 127 Moonstone, The (Collins) 226 moral defective 154 moral imbecile 154 moral insanity, description of 153 moral panic 152 Moran, P 35, 36, 163 morbid jealousy 37 Morgan, K 226 Morin, J. W 253, 254 Morris, F 318 Morris, T 227 – 8, 231 – 2 Morrison, B 224 mortality rate, of homicide offenders 217 Moss, K. R 130 Mowat, R. A 216 Mudd, D 11 Muir, G 268 Mullen, P 37, 38, 40, 199, 200, 216 346  Index Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) 318 multiple/mass killings 214t multiple personality disorder 49 Munchausen’s syndrome 42t, 49 Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy see Fabricated and Induced Illness (FII) Munro, A 37 Munro, E 327 Murder, Abolition of Death Penalty Act 1965 murder, defined 212 Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide (Law Commission) 229 Murder Followed by Suicide (West) 29 – 30 Murphy, D 298 Murphy, W. D 253, 254 Murray, K 130 mute of malice 77 Myhill, A 268, 269 mysophilia 246 Nardo, J 22 National Association of Probation Officers (NAPO) National Council for Civil Liberties 261 National Council for the Abolition of the Death Penalty National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 130 National Probation Service 318 Nature Neuroscience 32 necrophagy 272 necrophilia 89, 246, 272 necrophilous character 272 needing a ‘high’ 44 – 5 Neille, D 130 Neither Bad nor Mad (Greig) 173 neo-naticide 211t neuroses/psycho-neuroses 43 – 9; anxiety states 45; classifications of 43; described 43; hysterical disorders 46 – 9; mild depression 44 – 5 neurosyphilis 50 – 1 neurotic conditions 25 Newell, T 185 New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry 44, 223 New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, The 51 Newton, I 25 Nilsen, D 86 – 7, 213 noisy delirium 52 Non-destructive-Aggressive Societies 186 Norlander, T 297 normal homicide 216 – 17 not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) verdict 70t, 74, 102 not guilty on evidence of severe mental disorder verdict 76 Noutch, T 175 O’Donohue, W. T 247, 263, 269, 274 offences, of strict liability 71 offender profiling 13, 225 – 7 Office for National Statistics 107, 189, 190, 211 omission, defined 72 on-line sex offending 274 – 5 opportunistic rapist 268 oral sexual practices 245 Order for Supervision and Treatment 78 Ordnance Survey 69 organic disorders 36, 50 – 9; alcohol poisoning 51; amnesias due to 46; brain trauma/tumour 52 – 3; epilepsies 53 – 5; general paresis 50 – 1; Huntington’s disorder 50; infections 50; mental impairment 55 – 9; metabolic disturbances 52; toxic substances 52 Organic Psychiatry (Lishman) 54 Original Sin (James) 322 Othello syndrome 37, 42t Owen, F 29 Owens, H 199 Owers, A 119 Oxford, E 221 Paedophile Information Exchange 261 paedophiles 11 Paedophiles and Sexual Offences against Children (Howitt) 256 paedophilia 246, 255 – 9; adult categories of 259; case vignette 262 – 3; classifications of 258 – 9; defined 255; DSM-5 definition of 255; ICD 10 definition of 255; trauma and 258 Page, I 253, 254 Pakes, F 113 paranoid schizophrenia 34, 85; dangerous obsessions framework of 36 – 41; forms of 36 – 7 paraphilias, defined 247 parental/familial child killings 214t Index  347 paricide 211t Parker, E 104 Parole Board 136 – 7 Parole System 4 – 5 Parrott, J 113 Parsons, S 107, 113 Paterson, A Pathé, M 199, 200 Payne, S 257 Pearson, G 188 Peay, J 138, 140, 324, 326 Peel, R 75 Peeping Tom activities 246, 251 Peirce, G 10 pellagric 25 penal disposals, mental health care and 119 – 21 penal service provisions 133 – 5; community supervision 134 – 5; prison psychiatric services 133 – 4 Penny, C 318 Penrose, L 108 Penrose’s law 108 Perkins, D 247, 269 personality, defined 155 personality disorder, definitions of 155 – 6; in DSM-5 155 – 6; in ICD 10 156; legal, in Mental Health Act 1983 156 personality disorder see psychopathic disorder pervy sex 247 Petch, E 197 Peters, T 25 petit mal 54 Pilgrim, D 22 Pilkington, F 202 Pinel, P 152 Pines, A.M 37 Pisani, E 191, 244 Pitchfork, C 158 planned aggression 184 Player, E 133, 321 Plea in Mitigation of Penalty 70t Podola, G 48 Poe, E. A 226 Poison Principle, The (Bell) 327 Police Act 1997 257 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 59 political killings 214t Pollock, N 310 Pollock, P. H 47 Porter, S 49 possession, states of 25 post-natal depression 30 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 26t, 45 Potter, K 201 power and control serial killing 215t power rape 268 Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 121 present-time orientation 187 Prevention of Crime Act 1908 Preventive Detention (PD) sentence Prichard, J. C 152 Prime Suspect (TV series) 13, 219 Prins, H 6, 106, 140, 157, 246, 292, 296, 327; events/practices, 1950s to present 5 – 17 (see also criminal justice and mental health care); experiences of 1 – 5; key impressions, events/practices 17 prisoners, transfer of 127 – 8 Prison Health Care Service 121 prison population: mentally disordered offenders in 107 – 9; psychiatric morbidity in 107 – 8 prison psychiatric services 133 – 4 Prison Service Prison Service Journal 163 Probation Institute 319 probation order Probation Service Prometheus 286 Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 112 Protecting the Prominent (James) 200 Protection from Harassment Act 1997 197 Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, section III 198 – 9 provocation 5, 91 – 2; in Criminal Homicide Act 232; homicide and 230; Law Commission report and 230 pseudo-dementia 47 – 8 pseudonecrophilia 272 psychiatric probation orders 128 – 9 psychiatrisation of criminality 115 psychomotor symptoms, schizophrenic illnesses and 33 psycho-neuroses see neuroses/ psycho-neuroses Psychopathia Sexualis (von Kraft-Ebing) 242 psychopathic disorder 151 – 75; case vignette 14 – 15; causes 156 – 9; cerebral cortex and 159 – 60; characteristics 348  Index of 163; clinical issues with 168 – 73; concept stages of 154f; cortical arousal and 161 – 2; defined 156; heredity and 161; history of 152 – 5; inability to learn/ inconsequentiality and 162; introduction of 6; legal issues with 166 – 8; legislative provision for, problems making 173 – 4; limbic system and 159; longterm substance abuse and 162 – 3; management problems with 166 – 73; memoire concerning 163 – 6; overview of 151 – 2; personality defined and 155; personality disorder defined and 155 – 6 Psychopathic States (Henderson) 154 Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) 159 – 60 Public Hangman 212 Purcell, R 199, 200 pyromania 285; DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for 295; see also arson Pyszora, N. M 49 Quarshi, I 125 Quarter Sessions Quay, M. C 163 Queer Bashers 273 Quinn P 130 racism see institutional racism Rainbow, The (Lawrence) 243 Raine, A 159 Rampton High Security Hospital 130, 131 Rankin, I 13 rape, defined 267 rapes on females 246, 247, 266 – 70; classifications of 267 – 9; legal aspects of 267; management of 270; risk assessment of 269 – 70 rapes on males 246, 247, 271 Ray, C 106 reactive affective disorders 29 recorded crime category 190 – 1 Reed, A 49 Reed, J 133 Reed Committee 155 Reeves, C 318 Reforming the Mental Health Act (Department of Health) 140 regicide 211t reginacide 211t Reiber, R. W 163 Reichs, K 13, 219 Reid v Secretary of State for Scotland 166 Relieving Officers Rendell, R 13, 27 Rennie, Y 304 reporting centres Report of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (Gowers Commission) reprimands, police Resnick, P 47 responsible, defined 70 Responsible Clinician (RC) 106, 124, 127 Responsible Medical Officer (RMO) see Responsible Clinician (RC) restraining order 197 restriction orders 124 – 7 Rex, S 262 Reznek, L 74 Rice, M. E 170 Richardson, G 140 Richardson Committee 155 Ricketts, D 130 Rigby, L 203 Riordan, S 113, 130 risk: acceptable 309; assessment 308; danger and 309, 312; defining 308 – 9, 312; Hampstead swimmers and 305 – 8; prediction 309 – 10; Royal Society and 305; statistics 307t; tolerable 309; see also dangerousness, assessing Risk and Chance (Dowie and Lefrere) 304 risk assessment 308; defined 309 risk-averse/obsessed society 303, 305 – 11 risk-avoidance 306 risk estimation, defined 309 risk evaluation, defined 309 risk management, defined 309 Rix, J. B 92, 97 Road Traffic Act 93 Robbé, M 310 Robins, L 154, 157 Robinson, A 138, 319, 321 Robinson, G 242 Rock, P 325 Rogers, A 22 Rollin, H 43, 117 Romain, N 223 Ros, N 192 Roscoe, A 219 Rosner, R 199 Roth, M 163, 165 Rowlands, R 112 – 13 Royal College of Psychiatrists 170 Index  349 Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1953 79 Royal Society 309 Roychowdhury, A 310 Rubin, M 155 Ruddle v Secretary of State for Scotland 167 Rumgay, J 327 Russel, C 323 Russel, W.M.S 323 Russell, G 23 Rutter, M 60, 154, 157 R v Ahulwalia 91 R v Bratty 94 R v Burgess 95 R v Canons Park Mental Health Review Tribunal ex parte A 166 R v Gittens 96 R v K 126 R v Lipman 96 R v Lloyd 96 R v Majewski 96 – 7 R v Matheson 83 R v Parole Board and the Secretary of State for Justice, The 136 R v Sutcliffe 81 R v Turner 91 Ryan, M 214t Rying, M 216 sadistic rape 268 sadomasochistic activities 246 Saini, M. S 130 Sales, B 128 Salfati, C. G 220 Samuels, A 88 Sandland, R 122, 127 sane automatism 94 Santilla, P 297 Savile, J 190, 260 – 1 Sayers, D 13 scapegoating 257 scatologia 246 Schipkowensky, N 30 schizo-affective disorders 33 schizophrenic illnesses 25, 32 – 6; case vignette 16; causes of 32; characteristics of 33; classifications of 33 – 4; delusional ideas and 35 – 6; examples of 35; minor offences and 42 – 3; signs and symptoms of 33; violence and 34 – 6 Schmideberg, M 154 Schneider, K 154 Schomerus, G 23 Schwarz, I 11 Scott, P 3, 105, 168 – 9, 195, 222, 246, 304, 311 – 12, 317 – 18, 321 Scottish Mental Health Act 1984 166 – 7 Scull, A 24 Seal, L 221 Secretaries of State for Social Services 165 Seebohm, F self-immolation, arson and 293 – 4 Seltzer, M 219 sequential sacrificial killing 214t Seregny, G 224 serial killer 11, 219 – 20 serial-killing 215t service provisions, mentally disordered offenders 102 – 41; diversionary practice and 109 – 19; history of 103 – 6; hospital 129 – 33; in Mental Health Act 2007 139 – 40; mental state/allied matters, inquiries into 121 – 9; methods of disposal 103f; national decision-making/ advisory bodies and 135 – 9; overview of 102 – 3; penal 133 – 5; penal disposals and 119 – 21; prison population and 107 – 9 severe depressive disorder 28, 29 – 31; case vignettes 28 – 9, 30; crime and 29 – 31 severely personality disordered individual (SPD) 158 – 9 severe mental disorders, killing associated with 214t severe mental illness, definition of 76 Sex Offenders Act 1997 257 sexology, birth and rise of 242 – 55; see also sexual offences Sexual Abnormalities (Hirschfield) 242 Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female (Kinsey et al.) 242 Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male (Kinsey et al.) 242 sexual exhibitionism 252 sexual grooming 12 sexual jealousy 37 sexual killing 272 – 4 sexually motivated arson 296 sexual masochism 275 Sexual Murder (Grubin) 273 sexual offences 241 – 76; background of 243 – 6; clinical classifications of 246 – 7; denial and 262; familial child 263 – 6; 350  Index history of 242 – 3; indecent exposure 250 – 1; intercourse with animal 271 – 2; Internet and 274 – 5; introduction to 241 – 2; legal descriptions for 247 – 8; literary works 243; management of offenders 261 – 2; other forms of 275; paedophilia 255 – 9; rapes on females 266 – 70; rapes on males 271; Savile and 260 – 1; sexual killing 272 – 4; sexual penetration of corpse 252, 272; statistics for 248 – 50, 252 – 4; voyeurism 251 – 2 Sexual Offences Act: of 1956 267, 271; of 1967 6; of 2003 10, 247 – 8, 252, 264, 271, 272 sexual offending 14; case vignette 14 – 15 sexual penetration of corpse 252, 272 sexual sadism 275 Shakespeare, W 37 – 8, 210, 243 Sharma, K. K 199 Shaw, J 113, 125, 217 Shaw, O 154 Sheridan, L 197 Shipman, H 11, 190, 214t, 218, 219 Shriver, L 157 Silcock, B 139 Silent Witness (TV series) 13, 219 Silverman, S Simms, A. C. P 155 Simms, M Simonsen, E 152 simple schizophrenia 34 Simpson, A. I. F 211 situational indecent exposer type 253 Sizmur, S 175 sleep automatism 95 Smartt, U 134 Smith, A 269 Smith, H 200 Smith, J 115 – 16, 228 Smith, M. D 226 Snaith, R. P 254 Snow, P 127 Snowden, P. R 273 social construction of reality 10 social services departments (SSDs): generic training and 8; introduction of society, forms of 186 Sol, K. K 293 Solomka, B 166 Sons and Lovers (Lawrence) 243 Soothill, K 286, 298, 306 sororicide 211t Special Hospitals Service Authority (SHSA) 131 special verdict 70t, 76 Speck, R 214t Spencer, K 310 Spencer, S 85 – 6 stage army 43 Stalkers and Intelligence (Mackenzie et al.) 200 stalking 37, 41, 196 – 201; Internet and 200 – 1; Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 and 198 – 9 Stalking in Females (Carabellese et al.) 200 Stalking of G.P.’s (Wooster, Farnham and James) 200 Stamford House Remand Home for Boys Stanford Prison experiment 187 Stanley, N 324 Steadman, H 36 stealing 246 Steele, D Steuve, A 35 Stevens, M 221 Stevenson, K 251 – 2, 264, 267 Stewart, M. A 297 Stone, M 14, 167, 324 Stone, N 251 Storr, A 185, 187 Strachan, J. G 297 Strategic Health Authority 326 strict liability offences 71 structural/institutionalised aggression 184 Studer, L. H 265 substance abuse, indecent exposer and 254 substances of abuse killings 214t substantial impairment 82 Sugarman, P 140, 291, 297 Sugg, D 262 suggestibility 59 Suicide Act 1961 Suicide among Stalkers (McEwan, Mullen and Mackenzie) 200 suicides/suicide attempts 29; by inmates 119 Suspended Sentence Sutcliffe, P 12, 82 – 6 Swanson, J. W 34 Sweet v Parsley 71 Swinson, N 217, 219 symbolic necrophilia 272 Symonds, A 242 Index  351 Szasz, T 21, 24, 81, 105 Szmukler, G 140 Taylor, P 12, 35, 41, 223, 224, 269 Taylor, R 318 temporal lobe epilepsy 54 Tennent, G 170 terrorist activity/warfare killings 214t Textbook of Psychosexual Disorders (Allen) 242 Thapar, A 161 thinking, disorders of, and schizophrenic illnesses 33 Thom, K 211 Thomas, S 132 Thomas, T 257 Thomson, L 127, 168 Thornicroft, G 23, 132 threat and control override (TCO) 35 Tidmarsh, D 132, 312 Tilt, R 132 Time to Change (TIC) Programme, The 23 Tipping the Velvet (Waters) 243 Toch, H 192 Toffler, A 188 – 9 tolerable risk 309 Topp, D. O 293 Totem and Taboo (Freud) 264 Tourette’s syndrome 42t toxic substances 52 treatability of psychopathic disorder, legal issues with 166 treatment, remands for 122 – 3 Trethowan, W 39, 155 Treves-Brown, C 169 Trial and Retribution (TV series) 13 triggering event 39; loss of self-control 92 Tumim, S 121 Twain, M 189 twilight states 51 Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes (Enoch and Trethowan) 39 unconscious state 93 under disability in relation to the trial 70t, 77 – 9, 102 unfitness to plead 70t, 77 – 9, 102 unipolar depression 29 urolagnia 246 uxoricide 211t Vagrancy Act 1824 251 Vallely, P 257 vampirism 246 Vandersall, T. A 297 Vattakatuchery, J. J 49 Vaughan, P 14, 118 Verkaik, R 77, 223 Victim Support 232 Victor, T 251 violence: case vignettes 194 – 6; causes of, in society 186; criminal statistics and 190 – 1, 191t; as destructive aggression 184 – 5; domestic 203 – 4; hate crime and 201 – 3; in hospital settings, volume of 192 – 3, 193f; against the person offences 191t; Prison Service definition of 185; rhetoric of 187 – 9; stalking and 196 – 201; volume of 189 – 90 see violence with injury 191t violence without injury 191t visionary serial killing 215t Vizzard, E 271 Vlad the Impaler 152 Vojt, G 310 volition, disorders of, and schizophrenic illnesses 33 von Kraft-Ebing, R 242 voyeurism 246, 251 – 2 Waddington, J. L 243 Wade, J 213 Waking the Dead (TV series) 13 – 14, 219 Walker, L 113 Walker, N 72 – 3, 74 – 5, 127, 304 Wallquist, R. P 297 Walsh, E 22, 35 Walters, M 13 Wambaugh, J 158 Ward, M 130 Ward, S 130 Ward, T 269 warders warnings, police Waters, S 243 Watson, W 130 Webster, C 304, 310 Webster, J 210 Weiner, J. M 297 Weiss, E 214t Well of Loneliness, The (Hall) 243 Wells, H 243, 270 Wesseley, S. C 35 352  Index West, D 216, 256 – 7, 258, 269 West, F 213 West, R 213 Wheatley, M 36 White, G. L 37 Whiteley, J. S 154 Whitman, C 214t Whitty, C.W.M 49 whole life sentenced prisoners 233 – 4 Whorton, J. C 220 – 1 Whyte, S 175, 200 Wilczynski, A 222 wilful fire-raising 285, 287; see also arson Wilkins, L 310 Wilson, D 134, 219, 220 Wilson, J 119 Wilson, P 224 Winchester, S 221 Winnicott, D. W 169 Winstone, J 113 Wire in the Blood (TV series) 14 Wisdom of Whores, The (Pisani) 244 wise after the event 11 ‘Withholding Treatment from Violent and Abusive Patients in NHS Trusts: We Don’t Have to Take This’ (DOH Resource Guide) 192 Woddis, G. M 44 Wolfenden Committee 6, 70 Woman in White (Collins) 226 women: as arsonists 291; criminal justice/mental health care roles of 10; diagnosing erotomania in 41; infanticide and 89 – 91, 213; provocation and 91 – 2; psychiatric disposals offered to 60; rapes on 266 – 70; right to abortion Women in Love (Lawrence) 243 Wood, P. J. W 273 Wooden, W. S 297 Woodhams, J 226 Woodward, C. D 292 Wooster, L 200 Wraith, A 197 Wright, J. A 199 Yakely, J 318 Yarnell, H 289 Y chromosome, crime and 59 – 60 year and a day rule 212 Yellowlees, H Yorston, G 53 Young, F. G 139 Young, G 9, 11, 221 Young, S 318 young adult vandalism, arson and 296 Younghusband, E youth justice Zaatar, A 54 Zangwill, O. L 49 Zimbardo, P. G 187 Zona, M. A 199, 200 zooerasty 246 zoophilia 246, 271 – 2 ... reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage... Herschel A   Offenders, deviants or patients? : an introduction to clinical criminology / Herschel Prins — Fifth Edition   pages cm   Revised edition of the author’s Offenders, deviants, or patients? ,... this book Foreword I am both delighted and somewhat daunted to have been asked to write a foreword to this fifth edition of Offenders, Deviants or Patients? Delighted because the first edition of