R4 -Test 02 NEW OPPORTUNITIES WITH AN OPEN UNIVERSITY DEGREE Like any other university, the Open University can give you a degree.. Thousands of years 4 ago, people didn’t have money as
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CARTOON FILMS
Cartoon films have very little limits If you can draw something, you can (1) make it move on the cinema screen The use (2) of new ideas and advanced computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of (3) all ages.
By the (4) end of the 1970s, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were only for children But soon (5)
afterwards one or two directors had some original new ideas They proved that it was possible to make films
in which both adults and children could (6) share the fun.
However, not (7) every cartoon film was successful The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainly because it was too (8) frightening for children and too childish for adults Directors learnt from this (9)
mistake and the film companies began to make large (10) amounts of money again.
R4 -Test 02
NEW OPPORTUNITIES WITH AN OPEN UNIVERSITY DEGREE
Like any other university, the Open University can give you a degree However, you don’t have to (1) stop working to study It can also open up a whole variety (2) of interests.
If you have (3) never studied before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of (4) increasing your
knowledge You will make friends of (5) all kinds.
You may also (6) find that your qualification provides new career opportunities.
You don’t actually (7) go to the Open University for lectures, but study at home, using television, radio and computer software You can (8) attend one class a month if you wish at an Open University centre Of course, there are exams to take, as in (9) any university.
If you (10) would like to know more, all you have to do is complete the form below It could be the start of a
wonderful new period in your life
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LITTLE CAT, LITTER CAT, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?
When Bo the cat decided to explore a furniture van, she had a bigger adventure than she expected She was
discovered (1) by the driver, after he had completed a (2) trip of over 500 kilometres It was (3) the end of a
long day The driver and the cat were both hungry! He gave her some milk and started making enquiries He
telephoned his last (4) customers, but they had not lost a cat It was getting late, so he took Bo home for the night and (5) next morning delivered her to an animal hospital.
The cat’s owner (6) had done some detective work too After (7) searching everywhere for the cat, he suddenly remembered the furniture van (8) which had made a delivery to a neighbour Fortunately, he (9)
remembered the name of the company He called their office and in a short time Bo was (10) returned
safely
R4 -Test 04
MONEY
What is money? The pound, the dollar or the euro are actually just like a gram or a kilometre The difference
is that you can exchange money for something (1) else A ten pound note may buy a book, a huge bag of sweets, or a (2) couple of cinema tickets But the note itself is only a printed (3) piece of paper which costs almost nothing to make Thousands of years (4) ago, people didn’t have money as we know (5) it.There were no banks (6) or even shops In those days, Mr Green the farmer exchanged the corn he (7) had grown
for Mr Hive’s honey
This was an exchange arranged between two (8) people each of whom had something that the other wanted But in time, most societies invented their own 'currencies’ (9) so that people could exchange more The different currencies began to join together, which is why (10) today everyone uses the same currency in their
country
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PONY EXPRESS
Before 1860 there was no quick way of getting mail between the east and the west of the United States
There were no railways at that (1) time and most mail was sent by coach It usually (2) took at least 25 days for coaches to (3) reach the coast So in I860 it (4) was decided to send mail by ‘Pony Express’, which was much faster Riders (5) with very fast horses were placed along the route.
They were at (6) equal distances from each other and the mail was handed from one rider to the next Riders were all (7) expected to travel between twenty and thirty kilometres (8) a day on very bad roads At each stop two minutes were (9) allowed for exchanging the mail bags, but riders were often held up by awful weather (10) which closed the roads With the invention of the telegraph in 1861, the demand for Pony
Express disappeared
R4 -Test 06
directions Take remain which alone popular make distances like leave wild equipment natural lonely as
CAMPING
Although some groups of people have always lived outdoors in tents, camping as we know it today only
began to be (1)…………popular………….about 50 years ago The increase in the use of cars and
improvements in camping (2)……equipment………have allowed more people to travel longer (3)
…………distances…………into the countryside and to stay there in greater comfort.
Many campers like to be (4)………directions………themselves in quiet areas, so they (5)…………
take………… their tent and food and walk or cycle into the forests or the mountains Others, preferring to
be near people, drive to a public or privately-owned campsite (6)………which………has up-to-date facilities, (7)………like………hot showers and swimming pools.
Whether campers are (8)……alone………in the mountains or on a busy site, they should remember
to (9)…………leave…………the area clean and tidy In the forests, they must put out any fires and keep food hidden to avoid attracting (10)………wild………animals.
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a becoming used between
from explained what directions
THE ESCALATOR An American, Charles D Seeberger, invented moving stairs to transport people in the 1890s He (1) ……called……….this invention an ‘escalator’, (2)………taking…………the name from the Latin word ‘scala’, (3)………which……….means ‘ladder’ Escalators move people up and down short (4) ………distances……….Lifts do the same, but only move (5)……a………small number of people If an escalator breaks down, it can still be (6)………used……….as ordinary stairs An escalator can move (7)………between……… 8,000 and 9,600 people an hour, and it (8)…………
does………….not need a person to operate it.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, cities were (9)…………becoming………….more crowded and the first escalators were built at railway stations and in big department (10)…………stores…………., so
that people could move about more quickly Today we see escalators everywhere
R4 -Test 08
WILLIAM THE HERO!
Brave William Baldock, who is six years old, is a hero after helping his mother
when she fell downstairs William quickly rang (1) for an ambulance when he discovered his mother had broken her leg In spite of being frightened, he (2) told the emergency services what had happened and answered all the questions they asked him He also telephoned his father (3) at work, and then his
grandmother, to explain what he had (4) done While waiting for (5) these people to come, William looked
after his 18-month-old sister
When ambulance man Steve Lyn went to the house, he was amazed: 'It's (6) great that a young boy of six knew the right number to (7) dial and was able to give us the correct information (8) because of William's
quick thinking, we were able to (9) get there immediately.'
Mrs Baldock left hospital yesterday, very (10) grateful to both William and the ambulance service
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THE HISTORY OF FILM
The world's first film was shown in 1895 by two French brothers, Louis and
Auguste Lumière Although it only (1) considered of short, simple scenes, people loved it and films have (2)
been popular ever since The first films were silent, with titles on the screen to (3) explain the story.
Soon the public had (4) their favourite actors and actresses and, in this (5) way the first film stars appeared
In 1927, the first 'talkie', a film with sound, was shown and from then on, the public (6) would only accept
this kind of film
Further improvements continued, particularly in America, (7) which produced 95% of all films With the arrival of television in the 1950s, (8) fewer people went to see films, but in (9) recent years cinema
audiences have grown again More countries have started to produce films that influence film-making and
there are currently (10) many.
R4 -Test 10
GRASS
Grass is probably the most successful living plant in the world There are over 9,000 different types of
grasses and they are (1) found in every region on the earth They are the (2) only flowering plants that can exist in the freezing (3) environment of the Arctic and the Antarctic.
Grasslands support a wide range of animal life, from tiny insects and birds to huge animals like cows and
lions All of them (4) depend on grass in one way or another.
Grass (5) recovers very quickly after it is cut or (6) damaged Unlike other plants, the new leaves grow from (7) below the soil, not from the top of the plant That is (8) why large families of animals are able to live together in one area As (9) soon as they have eaten all the grass there, a fresh meal is always (10) available
because the plants start to grow again
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HONEY
Honey is a sweet liquid made by bees It(1) consists of water and sugars.
Bees may travel as (2) far as seventy-five thousand kilometres and visit over two million flowers to produce just half a kilo of honey The colour and flavour of honey depend (3) on the type of flower visited In (4)
fact, there are more than three hundred (5) varieties of honey.
The lighter-coloured ones are generally milder in flavour than darksr honey
In ancient (6) times, honey was the main sweet food, as sugar was very (7) rare Honey was of great (8)
value to the ancient Egyptians, who used it as payment.
Today, honey is produced and eaten in (9) every part of the world Research suggests that it prevents
tiredness and improves athletic performance However, honey is not just food - it (10) can be taken for sore
throats and is used in many skin and hair-care products
R4 -Test 12
THE HISTORY OF SHOES
In the past, importance was not given to shoes being comfortable or fashionable
These early foot coverings were probably animal skins, (1) which people tied round their ankles during cold (2) weather We still use leather today, but (3) other materials such as silk, plastic, or cotton are also
popular, (4) depending on what is in fashion
It was only one hundred and fifty years (5) ago that people began to wear a different shoe on each foot Formerly, the two shoes had been straight instead of shaped and (6) could be worn on the left or the right foot All shoes used to be made by hand, but now, (7) although there are shoemakers still using their (8)
traditional skills, most shoes are now machine-made in large factories The introduction of sewing machines
(9) allowed the shoe industry to peoduce lagre …… of cheaper shoes for a wider range of buyers.
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SAN FRANCISCO
San Francisco lies on the coast of northern California The earliest Europeans to discover the (1) area were led by a Spanish explorer (2) whose name was Gaspar de Portola.
He first saw it in 1769 Surprisingly, (3) although San Francisco Bay is a wonderful natural harbour, it was discovered by land (4) rather than by sea.
In 1849, people (5) arrived in San Francisco in their thousands (6) hoping to find gold However, it was not the men looking for the gold that got rich The richest people (7) made their money from owning banks and law firms and they built themselves large houses on one of the hills This was (8) known as Nob Hill.
Nowadays, tourists are (9) attracted to San Francisco because there they can see famous places like
Chinatown and the Golden Gate Bridge Many even (10) take the short boat trip to the island of Alcatraz to
see the former prison
stry to produce large (10) quantities of cheaper shoes for a wider range of buyers
R4 -Test 14
TOM CRUISE
Tom Cruise is one of the most successful actors in cinema history However, life hasn't always been that
easy for him As a young boy, Tom was shy and had (1) difficulty in finding friends, although he really enjoyed (2) taking part in school plays (3) After he had finished High School, Tom went to New York to look for work He found employment as a porter, and at the same time he (4) attended drama classes In
1980, the film director Franco Zeffirelli (5) offered Tom his first part in a film Ten years later, he had become (6) so successful that he was one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood, (7) earning millions of dollars for (8) each film Today, Tom (9) still appears in films and is as (10) popular as ever with his
thousands of fans from all around the world
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ZOOS
People began to keep animals in zoos (1) over 3,000 years ago, when the rulers of China opened an
enormous zoo called the Gardens of Intelligence In many of the early zoos, animals (2) were taught to
perform for the visitors
This no longer (3) happens and it is accepted that the purpose of zoos is for people to see animals behaving
naturally
Today, most cities have a zoo or wildlife park However, not (4) everybody approves of zoos People who think that zoos are a good idea say they (5) provide us with the opportunity to (6) learn about the natural world and be close to wild animals Both of (7) these would not be possible (8) without zoos On the other hand, some people disapprove of zoos because they (9) believe it is wrong to put animals in cages, and argue that in zoos which are not (10) managed properly, animals live in dirty conditions and eat unsuitable food.
R4 -Test 16
SWEDEN’S ICE HOTEL
The village of Jukkasjarvi is in Swedish Lapland, and winter temperatures there can reach -40° C But 6,000
holidaymakers (1) still go there annually, to visit what is probably Europe’s most unusual accommodation.
In this hotel you eat, drink, and sleep in rooms made (2) of ice If you want, you can (3) even get married in one The bar is ice too, and putting hot drinks on it is obviously not (4) recommended! The bedrooms are around -4° C, but fortunately guests are (5) provided with special sleeping bags that will keep (6) them warm
in the coldest of temperatures
(7) Suitable outdoor clothes can be supplied too, if needed The hotel is never more than six months old (8)
because it melts in summer, and (9) each winter it is rebuilt Creating the hotel (10) takes 10,000 tonnes of
ice, plus 30,000 tonnes of snow
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HENRY FORD
Henry Ford was born on a farm in Michigan in 1863 but he did not like farming When he was fifteen he
began work as a mechanic and in 1893 he built his first car After he (1) had driven it 1,500 kilometres, he sold it and built two bigger cars Then, in 1903, he (2) started the Ford Motor Company By (3) using strong but light steel, he built cheap cars for (4) ordinary people to buy In 1908, he built the first Ford Model'T', (5) which sold for $825 He was soon selling 100 cars (6) a day By 1927, the Ford Motor Company was (7)
worth $700 million Early Ford cars were simple and cheap, but (8) keeping things simple sometimes (9) meant less choice ‘You (10) can have any colour you like,’ said Henry Ford of the Model T, ‘as long as it's
black’
R4- Test 18
Chocolate
When the Spanish explorer Cortex reached Mexico in the sixteenth century, he found the people there using
a drink they (1) called chocolate It (2) tasted quite strong because it had pepper in it To make it taste better, the Spanish (3) added sugar to it When chocolate first came to Europe in the seventeenth century, people started to drink it with milk, (4) instead of water Nowadays, tons of chocolate and cocoa are (5) delivered to
factories, where they are turned (6) into many popular sweets and cakes
(7) Both chocolated and cocoa come from the fruit of the cacao tree Cacao trees (8) can only be grown in
hot countries, as they need a warm climate Cacao isn’t an American plant, (9) which still grows wild in the
northern part of South America Countries in Central and South America were the first to grow it, but today
Africa (10) supplies the world with the most chocolate.
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KEEP IN TOUCH
The world (1) of mobile communications is changing fast Three years ago, (2) hardly anyone in the UK sent messages using a mobile phone Now, we send more (3) than 20 million every day Not even the Internet revolution (4) happened this quickly WAP technology (5) allows you to access the Internet from your mobile, and it’s the fastest (6) and most convenient way to get online You can look up TV schedules, buy CDs, find out what’s (7) on at the cinema or check your emails where and when you like You can have
(8) lots of fun with a mobile phone, too You can also set individual (9) ring tones for different callers, do
your phone could play a special song when your best friend calls With a WAP phone, you can link (10) up
with other WAP phones and play games such as ‘hangman’ WAP phones are not expensive and it is
predicted that they will get better and cheaper very quickly Now that’s progress
R4- Test 20
Now is the time to prepare your child (1) for the future We have entered the 21st century “The information
revolution” and English is the language of (2) globalization Career and life opportunities are much more (3)
available for those who can use English with confidence Those who cannot speak English in the future will
be left (4) behind.
Our expert native English-speaking teachers provide an individually focused and highly interactive (5)
important environment Communications activities – songs, stories and games – help your children (6) learn easily and quickly Studies show that the best time to learn another language is when you are (7)
young This course is designed for young learners to learn and (8) use English accurately and fluently, while
building confidence in speaking And it makes learning English enjoyable with step (9) by step process in
all four skills areas – Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing New and modern “interactive” course book,
listening (10) tapes and computer video lessons This course is further enhanced with special teacher
selected supplementary materials and handouts designed expressly for children