Tổng hợp đề tiếng anh giải chi tiết năm 2018 HD (22)

Sự khác nhau giữa các công viên sinh vật biển, khu bảo tồn và khu lưu giữ B.. Các chương trình bảo tồn sinh vật biển khác nhau C.. Các điểm tương đồng giữa môi trường đất và môi trường b

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ NAM

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BIÊN HÒA

ĐỀ THI THỬ LẦN 1

( Đề thi có 07 trang)

KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA

NĂM HỌC 2017 - 2018 Môn: TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian làm bài 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề

(ID: 239175) Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

In 1972 a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program The intent of this legislation was

to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not

be harmed or removed

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978 They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species

Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves

Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea Others range from the

well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-well-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected

MÃ ĐỀ 347

areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity

Question 1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves

B Various marine conservation programs

C International agreements on coastal protection

D Similarities between land and sea protected environments

Question 2 The word “administered” the passage is closest in meaning to ……

Question 3 The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in paragraph 2 as an

example of a sanctuary that …

A is not well known

B covers a large area

C is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary

D was not originally proposed for sanctuary status

Question 4 According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established?

A Before 1972

C One hundred years before national parks were established

D One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established

Question 5 According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine

Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT …

A the discovery of several new marine organisms

B the preservation of connections between individual marine species

C the protection of coastal habitats

D the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life

Question 6 The word “periphery” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A depth B landmass C warm habitat D outer edge

Question 7 The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?

A Limitations in financial support

B The use of marine species as food

C Variability of the climate

D Increases in tourism

(ID: 239183) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks

Question 8 He is sleeping in his mother’s house this week as he … his house painted

Question 9 John and Karen persuaded me … the conference

Question 10 I think it’s … to take a few more pictures

Question 11 Flower oils are … of the ingredients used in making perfume

Question 12 ….I heard the phone ring, I didn’t answer it

Question 13 Ann has a lot of books, …… she has never read

Question 14 My first school day was a … event in my life

Question 15 If we didn’t … any measures to protect whales, they would disappear forever

Question 16 People who take on a second job inevitably … themselves to greater stress

Question 17 One condition of this job is that you must be …… to work at weekends

Question 18 Could you lend me some money to … me over to the end of the month?

Question 19 It is the … of stupidity to go walking in the mountains in this weather

(ID: 239196) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges

Question 20 -“ Would you mind lending me you bike?” – “ ……”

A Yes Here it is

B Not at all

C Great

D Yes, let’s Question 21 Havy: “Thanks for your help, Judy.” Judy: “…… ”

A With all my heart

fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered

or cut wood Charcoal gave off more intensive heat than wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution

In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind These were predominantly locally available supplies By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries Although in most regions and climate zones

wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy In

1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport They burned more cleanly than coal and polluted less Unlike coal, oil could

be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles, a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene

By 1984, non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity The energy derived from non-renewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of non-renewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to

be replaced

Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly The resulting product is sulfur-and nitrogen-rich, and large scale extractions are presently

prohibitive Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex

Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive

Question 22 What is the main topic of the passage?

A Application of various fuels

B Natural resources and fossil fuels

C A history of energy use

D A historical review of energy rates Question 23 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

A coal mining was essential for primitive peoples

B the Greeks used coal in industrial productions

C the development of efficient fuel was a gradual process

D the discovery of efficient fuels was mostly accidental

Question 24 The author of the passage implies that in the 1700s, sources of energy were

A used for commercial purposes

B used in various combination

C not derived from mineral deposits

D it could be converted to automobile fuel

Question 25 The phrase “the latter” refers to

Question 26 According to the passage, what was the greatest advantage of oil as fuel?

A it was a concentrated source of energy

B it was lighter and cheaper than coal

C it replaced wood and coal and reduced pollution

D it could be converted to automobile fuel

Question 27 It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th centurgy, energy was obtained primarily from

A Fossil fuels

B Nuclear fission

C Hydraulic and solar sources

D Burning biomass Question 28 The author of the passage implies that alternative sources of fuel are curently

A being used for consumption

B available in few locations

C being explored

D examined on a large scale Question 29 The word “prohibitive” is closest in meaning to

(ID: 239208) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on the top of the first page to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Question 30 A return B market C process D office

Question 31 A abandon B benefit C constitute D dialect

(ID: 239211) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Question 32 There are such (A) many planets in the (B) universe that we cannot (C) count them (D) Question 33 The nitrogen (A) makes up over (B) 78 percent of (C) the Earth’s atmosphere, the gaseous

mass surrounding (D) the planet

Question 34 Pateurization is the process of the heating (A) milk to destroy (B) disease-caused (C)

organisms and bacteria (D)

(ID: 239215) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best

combines each pair of sentences in the followinging questions

Question 35 The soccer team knew they lost the match They soon started to blame each other

A Not only did the soccer team lose the match but they blamed each other as well

B No sooner had the soccer team started to blame each other than they knew they lost the match

C As soon as they blamed each other, the soccer team knew they lost the match

D Hardly had the soccer team known they lost the match when they started to blame each other

Question 36 We have been friends for years It is quite easy to share secrets between us

A Being friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets

B We find it quite easy to share secrets, being friends for years

C We have been friends so that it is quite easy to share secrets between us

D Having been friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets between us

(ID: 239218) Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

Ever since it was first possible to make a real robot, people have been hoping for the invention of a machine that would do all the necessary jobs around the house If boring and repetitive factory work could be (37) by robots, why not boring and repetitive household chores too? For a long time the only people who really gave the problem their attention were amateur inventors And they came up against a major difficulty That is, housework is actually very complex It has never been one job it has always been many A factor robot (38) one task endlessly until it is reprogrammed to do something else It doesn’t run the whole factory A housework robot on the other hand, has to do several different (39) of cleaning and carrying jobs and also has to cope (40) all the different shapes and positions of rooms, furniture, ornaments, cats and dogs (41) , there have been some developments recently Sensors are available to help the robot locate objects and avoid obstacles We have the technology to produce the hardware All that is missing the software- the programs that will operate the machine

Question 38 A carries over B carries out C carries off D carries away

Question 41 A However B Therefore C Besides D Moreover

(ID: 239224) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning

to the underlined word in each of the following questions

Question 42 The shop assistant was totally bewildered by the customer’s behavior

Question 43 The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense

(ID: 239227) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in

meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions

Question 44 The US troops are using much more sophisticated weapons in the Far East

A expensive B complicated C simple and easy to use D difficult to operate

Question 45 His replies were inconsistent with his previous testimony

(ID: 239230) Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentences that is

CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following question

Question 46 If I hadn’t had so much work to do I would have gone to the movies

A Because I had to do so much work I couldn’t go to the movies

B I would go to the movies when I had done so much work

C A lot of work couldn’t prevent me from going to the movies

D I never go to the movies if I have work to do

Question 47 “ Why don’t you get your hair cut, Gavin?” said Adam

A Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair

B Gavin was suggested to have a hair cut

C It was suggested that Adam get Gavin’s haircut

D Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut

Question 48 Even if the job market is not stable, those who persist will be able to land jobs eventually

A When it’s hard to find a job, jobs on land are even harder

B Patient people will secure jobs even in an instable job market

C Only persistent job seekers can find jobs

D In land jobs are only available to persistent jobs applicants

(ID: 239234) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

-The end -

HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT Thực hiện: Ban Chuyên môn Tuyensinh247.com

Question 1 B Question 11 B Question 21 B Question 31 A Question 41 A

Question 2 A Question 12 C Question 22 C Question 32 A Question 42 B

Question 3 B Question 13 C Question 23 C Question 33 A Question 43 C

Question 4 D Question 14 D Question 24 C Question 34 C Question 44 C

Question 5 A Question 15 C Question 25 B Question 35 D Question 45 B

Question 6 D Question 16 B Question 26 D Question 36 D Question 46 A

Question 7 D Question 17 A Question 27 A Question 37 A Question 47 D

Question 8 B Question 18 B Question 28 A Question 38 B Question 48 B

Question 9 C Question 19 A Question 29 C Question 39 B Question 49 C

Question 10 C Question 20 B Question 30 A Question 40 B Question 50 A Question 1

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?

A Sự khác nhau giữa các công viên sinh vật biển, khu bảo tồn và khu lưu giữ

B Các chương trình bảo tồn sinh vật biển khác nhau

C Các hiệp định quốc tế về bảo vệ bờ biển

D Các điểm tương đồng giữa môi trường đất và môi trường biển

 Manage = administer

Dẫn chứng: The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status

Đáp án: A

Question 3

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

C nhỏ hơn Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary

D ban đầu không được đề xuất làm khu bảo tồn

Dẫn chứng: They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National

Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers

C Một trăm năm trước khi các vườn quốc gia được thành lập

D Một trăm năm sau khi Vườn Quốc gia Yellowstone được thành lập

Dẫn chứng: In 1972 a century after the first national park in the United States was established at

Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program

A phát hiện một số sinh vật biển mới

B bảo tồn mối liên hệ giữa các loài cá biển

C bảo vệ môi trường sống ven biển

D thành lập các khu vực mà công chúng có thể quan sát sinh vật biển

 Periphery = outer edge

Dẫn chứng: Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea

Dẫn chứng: Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea Others range from

the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as

Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems

Đáp án: D

Dịch bài đọc

Vào năm 1972, một thế kỷ sau khi công viên quốc gia đầu tiên ở Hoa Kỳ được thành lập tại Yellowstone, pháp luật đã được thông qua để tạo ra chương trình Bảo tồn sinh vật biển quốc gia Mục đích của luật này là nhằm bảo vệ môi trường sống ven biển được lựa chọn tương tự như các khu vực đất được chỉ định làm vườn quốc gia Việc chỉ định một khu vực làm khu bảo tồn biển thể hiện rằng đó là một khu vực được bảo vệ, giống như một vườn quốc gia Người ta được phép đến thăm và quan sát ở đó, nhưng sinh vật sống và môi trường của chúng không bị tổn hại hoặc bị bỏ đi

Chương trình Bảo tồn sinh vật biển quốc gia do Cục quản lý đại dương và khí quyển quốc gia quản lý, một chi nhánh của Bộ Thương mại Hoa Kỳ Ban đầu, 70 địa điểm đã được đề xuất làm khu bảo tồn Sau hai năm rưỡi , chỉ có 15 khu bảo tồn được chọn , một nửa trong số đó được thiết lập sau năm 1978 Chúng có kích thước từ nhỏ nhất từ hơn 1 km vuống như khu bảo tồn biển quốc gia Fagatele Bay ở Samoa thuộc Mỹ đến hơn 15.744 km vuông-Vịnh Monterey National Marine Sanctuary ở California

Chương trình Bảo tồn sinh vật biển quốc gia là một phần quan trọng trong các hoạt động quản lý mới, trong

đó toàn bộ các loài, không chỉ riêng các loài cá, được bảo vệ khỏi sự suy thoái môi trường sống và khai thác quá mức Chỉ bằng cách này mức độ đa dạng sinh học biển hợp lý mới có thể được duy trì ở mức độ ổn định tương quan tự nhiên giữa các loài này

Một số loại khác của khu bảo tồn biển tồn tại ở Hoa Kỳ và các nước khác Hệ thống Dự trữ Nghiên cứu Vùng Estuarine Quốc gia do chính phủ Hoa Kỳ quản lý, bao gồm 23 cửa sông được chỉ định và được bảo

vệ Bên ngoài Hoa Kỳ, các chương trình khu bảo tồn biển được xây dựng như các công viên biển dự trữ và bảo quản

Hơn 100 khu vực được chỉ định tồn tại xung quanh vùng biển Caribê Một số khác nằm trong phạm vi từ Công viên Great Barrer Reef nổi tiếng của Úc đến những công viên ít được biết đến hơn ở các quốc gia như Thái Lan và Indonesia, nơi du lịch đang đặt áp lực ngày càng tăng lên các hệ thống san hô ngầm mỏng manh Vì các cơ quan nhà nước, quốc gia và quốc tế đã nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của việc bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học biển, các khu vực bảo tồn sinh vật biển, dù là những khu bảo tồn công viên hoặc khu bảo tồn cửa sông, sẽ đóng một vai trò ngày càng quan trọng trong việc bảo tồn sự đa dạng đó

Trong quá trình lịch sử, các phát minh của con người đã làm tăng đáng kể lượng năng lượng có sẵn cho mỗi người sử dụng Những người nguyên thủy ở vùng lạnh đốt gỗ và phân động vật để đốt các hang động của chúng, nấu thức ăn và lái xe bằng lửa Bước đầu tiên để phát triển các nhiên liệu hiệu quả hơn đã được thực hiện khi người ta phát hiện ra rằng họ có thể sử dụng dầu thực vật và chất béo động vật thay vì thu thập hoặc chặt gỗ Than củi cho nhiệt độ cao hơn gỗ và dễ dàng lấy được hơn chất béo hữu cơ Người Hy Lạp lần đầu tiên bắt đầu sử dụng than đá để luyện kim trong thế kỷ thứ 4, nhưng nó đã không được sử dụng rộng rãi cho tới Cách mạng Công nghiệp

…tính từ + enough + ( for smb) + to V…: đủ thế nào ( cho ai ) đó để làm gì…

… enough + danh từ + (for smb) + to V: đủ cái gì ( cho ai ) để làm gì …

Tạm dịch: Tôi nghĩ đủ sáng để chụp thêm vài bức ảnh

Đáp án: C