Values: Values are basic convictions (notions) about what is right and wrong. Basic convictions that specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferably. e.g.‘copy right’ Values are the foundation of our attitudes, Motivation, and our perception. Values are relatively stable and enduring. If we know an individual’s values, we are better able to predict a behavior in a particular situation.
Lecture 14 Values Values • If you want to understand a person’s behavior, you must understand his or her values Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Why it Matters People perform better if their values are in Line with the organization’s The most difficult but rewarding accomplishment in any career is ‘living true’ to your values and finding companies where you can contribute at the highest level while being your authentic self Cynthia Schwalm, President Commercial Division, Eisai Values • Values are basic convictions (notions) about what is right and wrong Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Values Basic convictions that specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferably e.g.‘copy right’ Values are the foundation of our attitudes, Motivation, and our perception Values and Attitudes – Values are relatively stable and enduring – If we know an individual’s values, we are better able to predict a behavior in a particular situation Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Values Our value system are Stable Shaped by our early years – parents, teachers, friends, and others Values and Attitudes • Importance of values – Values generally influence attitudes and behavior • Value system is a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of one’s intensity Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Values and Attitudes • Source of our Value Systems – A significant portion is genetically determined – Other factors include national culture, parents, teachers, friends, and similar environmental influences Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Values • Values differ between generations • Values differ between regions • Values differ between cultures Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair 10 Enacted and Espoused Shared Value Enacted – what were said by management Espoused – What are actually practice CEO must close the gap between enacted and espoused values Shalom Schwartz Values circumplex Shalom Schwartz’ theory of values Conservatio n Security Power Tradition Achievement Conformity Selfenhancement Hedonism Selftranscendence Benevolence Stimulation Self-direction Uniwersalism Openeness to change Self-enhancement • Power: – Social status – Control albo dominance over people and resources – Values: • • • • • Social power Authority Wealth Preserving public image Social recognition Self enhancement • Achievements – Personal success due to own competences, in agreement with social standards • successful • Capable • Ambitious • Influential • Intelligent • Self respect Openness to change • Hedonism – Pleasures and sensory gratifications • Pleasure • Enjoying life • Stimulation – Excitement, novelty, life challenges • Daring • Varied life • Exciting life Openness to change • Self-direction – Independence of though and decison, creativity, exploration • • • • • Creativity Freedom Independence Curious Choosing own goals Self-transcendence • Universalism – Undestanding, tolerance, caring about welfare of all people and nature • • • • • • • • • Open mind, Broad-minded Social justice Equality World peace Beautiful world Unity with nature Inner harmony Protect environment Self-transcendence • Benevolence – Caring about well-being of close ones • Helpful • Honest • Forgiving • Loyal • Responsible • True friendship • Mature love Conservatism • Tradition – Respecting customs – Belief that tradition, culture and religion serve individual • • • • • Humble Accepting my role in life Respect for tradition Religiosity Moderate Conservatism • Conformity – Inhibition of actions and impulses that can hurt or are not accepted by others and that go against social norms • • • • Politeness Obedience Self-discipline Honor elders Conservatism • Security Security, harmony and stability of society and own person • • • • • • • • Family Security National security Social order Clean Reciprocation of favors Sense of belonging Health Another classification of values by Shalom Schwartz Hierarchy Conservatism Security Tradition Mastery Power Achievement Conformity Harmony Affective autonomy Hedonism Benevolence Egalitarian Commitmen t Stimulati on Self-direction Universalism Intellectual autonomy End ... Sinclair Values • Values differ between generations • Values differ between regions • Values differ between cultures Chapter Copyright 2006, Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair 10 Values • Terminal values. .. Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair Values Our value system are Stable Shaped by our early years – parents, teachers, friends, and others Values and Attitudes • Importance of values – Values generally influence... e.g.‘copy right’ Values are the foundation of our attitudes, Motivation, and our perception Values and Attitudes – Values are relatively stable and enduring – If we know an individual’s values, we