Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars: Artistic and Cultural Representations of Twentieth-century Europe at War Edited by Peter Tame, Dominique Jeannerod and Manuel Braganỗa Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars: Artistic and Cultural Representations of Twentieth-century Europe at War, Edited by Peter Tame, Dominique Jeannerod and Manuel Braganỗa This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Peter Tame, Dominique Jeannerod, Manuel Braganỗa and contributors All rights for this book reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner ISBN (10): 1-4438-5158-2, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5158-9 www.Ebook777.com This volume is dedicated to the memory of Pierre, Louis and Andrộ Rozộ, Franỗois-Joseph Muckensturm, Marie-Louise Kayser, Roman Boncza-Bartoszewski, and Marion Wierzbicki Knowledge is the memory of being That is why Mnemosyne is the mother of the Muses [Das Wissen ist das Gedächtnis des Seins Darum ist MȞȘȝȠıȪȞȘ die Mutter der Musen.] —Martin Heidegger, Holzwege.1 Calliope, begin! Ye sacred Nine […], Inspire your poet in his high design […] To sing […] the vast circuit of the fatal war For you in singing martial facts excel You best remember, and alone can tell —From John Dryden’s translation of Virgil’s Aeneid.2 Martin Heidegger, Holzwege (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2007), 322 P Vergilius Maro (Virgil), The Aeneid, Book IX, ll 525-529 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations xi Acknowledgements xii Foreword xiii Jay Winter, Language and Memory Introduction Peter Tame, Dominique Jeannerod and Manuel Braganỗa Part I: Commitments Chapter One 10 A Writer at the Front Line: Armand Petitjean, Witness to War, 1939-1940 Martyn Cornick Chapter Two 26 Living in Delirium: Marin Preda and Romanian Remembrance of the Second World War Gavin Bowd Chapter Three 41 Remembering Lacombe Lucien—Becoming Lucien Lacombe: Mirror Image or Broken Mirror? William Kidd Chapter Four 59 “Résistantialisme”, “Résistancialisme”: Resistance and the Politics of Memory Margaret Atack viii Table of Contents Part II: Heroes and Heroines Chapter Five 76 Goodbye to All That? Critiquing the (Masculine) Nation in Post-FirstWorld-War Britain T G Ashplant Chapter Six 99 Manly Heroes and Innocent Victims: Italian Representations of Warfare after Defeat (1945-1961) Marco Mondini Chapter Seven 120 The Fate of Icarus: Masculinity, National Identity, Memory and the Image of the Second World War Royal Air Force Fighter Pilot Jonathan Black Chapter Eight 145 Model Martyrs? Remembering First-World-War Resistance Heroines in Belgium and France Alison Fell and Emmanuel Debruyne Part III: Picturing the War—The Ekphrasis of Memory Chapter Nine 166 Confronting History: Jean Dubuffet’s Tableaux et Dessins Exhibition (October-November 1944) Caroline Perret Chapter Ten 183 Creativity Against All the Odds: Art and Internment during World War II Monica Bohm-Duchen Chapter Eleven 202 Nationalism, Sin and Redemption in Vicente Blasco Ibáñez’s The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and its American Film Adaptations Nancy Sloan Goldberg Chapter Twelve 219 World War II and the Greek Civil War in Cinema Elli Lemonidou Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars ix Part IV: Memoriographies of War / Writing the Memory of War Chapter Thirteen 240 The Representations of the 11th of November Armistice and Armistice Day in Interwar French Fiction and Theater Christina Theodosiou Chapter Fourteen 258 From Mars to Mnemosyne: The Idea of Culture in André Malraux’s Antimémoires (1967) Peter Tame Chapter Fifteen 276 Charlotte Delbo and Marie Chaix: Variance of World-War-II French Memories Nicole Thatcher Chapter Sixteen 292 Coincidentia Oppositorum, or Music as a Key to Memory: The Meetingpoint Music Messiaen as a Site of War Memory in Europe Joanna Lusek Part V: Dislocating Isotopias—The Ekstasis of Memory Chapter Seventeen 312 Identity and Modern War in Salt of the Earth (1936) by Joseph Wittlin Hanna Trubicka Chapter Eighteen 327 Reimagining the Great War in Grand-Historical Narratives: A Transnational Perspective on European History in the Twentieth Century Marzena Sokoáowska-ParyĪ Chapter Nineteen 343 The Jew as St Christopher: The Holocaust and the Participation of Soviet Jews in Russia’s Great Patriotic War Effort in the Œuvre of Andreï Makine Helena Duffy www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars 371 University, and leads the ICRH International Crime Fiction research Group He has taught at Freiburg and at Strasbourg Universities, and at Trinity College and University College (Dublin), before taking up his present appointment at Queen’s He is the author of San-Antonio et son double (2010) WILLIAM KIDD is Honorary Senior Research Fellow in Stirling University School of Arts and Humanities He has published extensively on war, memory and identity in twentieth-century France Author of Vercors: “Le Silence de la mer et autres récits” A critical introduction to the wartime writing (1991), Les Monuments aux morts mosellans de 1870 nos jours (1999); co-editor of Contemporary French Cultural Studies (2000), and Memory and memorials The commemorative century (2004) His current research and recent publications focus on post-Retirada and post-colonial memory communities in the Pyrénées-Orientales, and on the iconography of migration ELLI LEMONIDOU is Lecturer in Modern History at the Department of Cultural Environment and New Technologies’ Management, University of Western Greece (Agrinio) She specialises in Modern Greek, European History and in the History of International Relations in the twentieth century Her more recent research interests include public history, especially the relation between academic and public history, as well as the links between official history, national identity and collective memories She has published various articles in collective works and in French and Greek historical reviews She is the recent co-author of Trauma and the Politics of Memory (2010–in Greek) JOANNA LUSEK holds a doctorate in the Philosophy of History She is a pedagogue, historian and museologist She studied at the Higher School of Pedagogy of the Society of Public Knowledge in Warsaw and the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology of the University of Silesia in Katowice The fields of her studies are: European Union studies and Museology studies at the Jagiellonian University of Cracow Her doctoral research at the University of Opole resulted in a dissertation on “German and Polish Education in Bytom in the years 1740–1945” Currently, she works at the Central Museum of Prisoners-of-War in àambinowice-Opole in cooperation with the University of Opole Her field of research comprises the history of education, the history of medicine and prisoners of war camps 372 Contributors MARCO MONDINI is a researcher at the Italian-German Historical Institute in Trento and an adjunct professor at the University of Padua He was a visiting fellow at the ENS (Ecole Normale Supérieure) in Paris, at the University of Lille “Charles de Gaulle”, and is currently a chercheur invité at the University of Paris-Diderot He is a member of the Centre International de Recherche—Historial de la Grande Guerre of Péronne His main research areas are the war history of twentieth-century Europe and the history of Fascism He is the author and editor of several books, among them: Generazioni intellettuali (2011), Alpini Parole e immagini di un mito guerriero (2008), La politica delle armi (2006) and Narrating Wars (ed., with M Rospocher, forthcoming) CAROLINE PERRET is Research Associate for the Group for War and Culture Studies at the University of Westminster Her recent publications include: “Dubuffet, Fautrier and Ponge: Recognition of the ‘Other’ as Intellectual Resistance in Art and Poetry in the War against Fascist Oppression”, in French Cultural Studies, August 2011, Special Issue by guest editor Margaret Atack: “War and Occupation 1940-1944” 22, no 3, 197-206 Her research is concerned with issues related to history, memory and identity, in particular the impact of war on cultural production, from the visual arts, literature and poetry in France during World War II to films and contemporary art MARZENA SOKOàOWSKA-PARYĩ is Associate Professor at the Institute of English Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland, where she teaches courses on contemporary British and Commonwealth literature Her main fields of interest are the representations of the Great War in postmemory fiction and alternative histories of the Second World War She is the author of The Myth of War in British and Polish Poetry, 1939-1945 (2002) and Reimagining the War Memorial, Reinterpreting the Great War: The Formats of British Commemorative Fiction (2012) PETER TAME is Reader in French Studies at Queen’s University Belfast He is also founding Director of the University’s War and Memory Research Group His research areas are French war fiction of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; modern French fiction and political ideology; places and spaces in modern French fiction His publications include La Mystique du fascisme dans l’œuvre de Robert Brasillach (1986), The Ideological Hero in the Novels of Robert Brasillach, Roger Vailland, and André Malraux (1998), an edited, annotated translation of Robert Brasillach’s memoirs, Notre avant-guerre, under the title Before the War (2003), and André Chamson 1900-1983: A Critical Biography (2006) In Mnemosyne and Mars 373 2012, he co-organised the conference on war and memory in Warsaw that provided the basis for the current edited volume NICOLE THATCHER is a Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Westminster, Group of War and Culture Studies Her published research includes books and articles on written testimony about the Nazi camps and the Second World War, exploring the role of memory and the discursive strategies deployed She also works on intergenerational transmission through texts She has published numerous articles and books, notably on Charlotte Delbo’s work: A Literary Analysis of Charlotte Delbo’s Concentration Camp Re-Presentation (2000) and Charlotte Delbo: une voix singulière (2003) CHRISTINA THEODOSIOU is a PhD student in history at the University of Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne and affiliated to the IRSEM (Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l’École Militaire) since February 2013 Her scientific interests are broadly focused on the memory of the First World War in France She is also the author of two articles: “Symbolic Narratives and the Legacy of the Great War: The Celebration of Armistice Day in France in the Twenties”, First World War Studies 1, No (2010) and “La mobilisation des morts Culte du souvenir et culture de guerre pendant la Grande Guerre”, La revue LISA/LISA e-journal, volume X, No (2012) HANNA TRUBICKA is a PhD student in the Polish and Classical Philology Faculty at Adam Mickiewicz University (PoznaĔ) She researches twentieth-century Polish prose fiction and essays in the context of European Modernity She has translated an essay, Ethics and aesthetics, by R Shusterman into Polish (in print) Her principal publications (academic, written in Polish) are: “The crisis of humanism in Salt of the Earth by Joseph Wittlin”, in The Problems of Literary Genres 2, no 54 (2011) and “Paradox and Irony in Stanisáaw BaraĔczak’s Metaliterary and Metacritical Statements”, in Literary Memoir A Quarterly on the History and Criticism of Polish Literature 2, no 103 (2012) INDEX Abbé (L’) Desgranges (see Desgranges) Abellio, Raymond, 12 Actaeon, 54 Age of Death, The (see William Leonard Marshall), 327-331, 342 Akoka, Henri, 295 Alexander the Great, 269-270, 273 Algerian War, 41, 62, 73 Allard, Flight Lieutenant Geoffrey, 127-128 Amato, Joseph A., 330, 341 Ambrières, Francis, 16 Anderson, Benedict, 82, 91, 95, 366 Andrei, Stefan, 35 Angelopoulos, Theo, 225, 227-231, 234, 236 Antelme, Robert, 277, 282, 289 Anti-Semitism, 49, 65, 286, 288289, 345-348, 351-353, 357-359 Antonescu, Ion, 26-27, 29-40 Aragon, Louis, 19, 170-171 Arland, Marcel, 166-169, 177, 181 Armée des ombres (L’), 43, 53 Armistice (with Germany in 1918 and 1940), ix, xiv, 3-4, 15, 94, 96, 146, 148, 150, 152, 167, 169, 179, 202, 211, 240-257, 373 Arnold, Matthew, 263 Aron, Robert, 14, 18 Art - as form of resistance, 183-201 - degenerate art, 172 Aryan, 4, 42, 128-129, 207, 214 Association des ex-prisonnières politiques de Siegburg, xi, 161 Aubrac, Lucie, 46 Auden, W H (Wystan Hugh), 137 Au revoir les enfants, 53, 55 Austin, Guy, 45, 57 Autobiographies, 12, 56, 76, 78-79, 81, 83, 87-88, 93, 96, 152, 158, 258-275, 282, 286, 289, 336, 344, 361, 368 Aymé, Marcel, 71 Babi Yar, 343, 346-347, 359 Bachelard, Gaston, 12 Bacon, Yehuda, 187-188 Baconsky, Anatol E., 33 Bader, Squadron Leader Douglas, 128 Barbara (Monique Andrée Cerf), 280 Barbu, Eugen, 33-34, 38 Barker, Pat, 90, 327, 329, 337-342 Barnett, Correlli, 90 Barrès, Maurice, 204 Barrès, Philippe, 243 Bataille, Georges, 15 Bataille du rail (La), 52, 63 Bates, H E (Herbert Ernest), 132, 143 Battles, Battle of the Atlantic, 132 Battle of Britain, 122, 125-129, 131, 133, 137, 139, 143 Battle of France, 125, 127 Battles of Narvik, 124 Battle of the River Plate, 124 Battle of the Somme, 87 Bayard, Pierre, 56-57 Beaton, Cecil, xi, 121, 139, 142-143 Beauvoir, Simone de, 60 Beaverbrook, Lord (Max Aitken), 136 Beckett, Samuel, 15 Beir, Jeanne (de), 153, 162 Mnemosyne and Mars Belleville, Charles, 248, 255 Belleville, Jeanne (de), 154 Benjamin, Walter, 94, 97 Benoist-Méchin, Jacques, 15-16 Benoit, Pierre, 248-250, 254-255, 257 Berezowska, Maja, xi, 190, 198 Berger, Colonel (see Malraux), 271 Bergery, Gaston, 13-14 Berl, Emmanuel, 20 Bernot, Lucien, 72-73 Berri, Claude, 46 Bettignies, Louise (de), xi, 146, 148-151, 153, 155-157, 159160, 162-163 Beugras, Albert, 279-280, 285 Beuve-Méry, Hubert, 19 Biasion, Renzo, 105-106, 114 Bigglesworth, James (Biggles), 122 Bismarck, Otto von, 15, 212 Blackadder Goes Forth (TV), 7677, 95 Blaise, Pierre, 56 Blanchard, Louis, 14 Blanchard, René, 72-73 Blasco Ibáñez, Vicente, viii, 4, 202210, 212-218 Blisko, coraz bliĪej/Near, Even Nearer, 328-329, 334-335, 342 Boël, Marthe, 153 Bogusz, Marian, 193 Bolintineanu, Dimitrie, 31 Bolshevik, 134, 351 Bond, Brian, 76-77, 90, 93-96 Bonnamy, Georges, 3, 68, 71, 73 Boris, Georges, 23 Borms, August, 158 Bosch, Hieronymus, 356 Bousquet, Joë, 169 Bouthoul, Gaston, 99, 116 Boyer, Charles, 215 Boym, Svetlana, 336, 341, 364 Braque, Georges, 172 Bréal, Auguste, 11, 13 Brittain, Victoria, 76, 78-79, 95-97 Bromberg, Maurycy, 194 375 Brooke, Rupert, 122, 137 Burešová, Charlotte, xi, 189-190, 199 Caesar, Julius, 270 Caillois, Roger, 11, 15, 23, 25 Calamandrei, Piero, 104 Calhoun, Craig, 334-335 Calliope, vi Calvino, Italo, 104 Camus, Albert, 71, 74 Capdenac, Michel, 42 Caragiale, Mateiu, 28 Carol II, King, 26 Caron, Ferdinand, 293 Carson, Sir Edward, 81 Cassou, Jean, 171 Cavani, Lilianna, 50 Cavell, Edith, xi, 3, 147-149, 151, 153-154, 159 Ceausescu, Elena, 36 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 27-28, 31, 33, 35-39 Cecil, Lord David, 121, 123-124, 130, 132, 144 Celan, Paul, 37 Cendrars, Blaise, 242-244, 254-255, 257 Censorship, 21-22, 30, 51, 107, 192, 222-223, 241, 346-347 Ceremonies, 148, 151 Chabrol, Claude, 46 Chagall, Marc, 171, 351 Chagrin et la pitié (Le), 41, 231, 281 Chaix, Marie, ix, 5, 276-277, 280281, 284-290 Chamson, André, 269, 372 Chandler, Raymond, 127 Chaplin, Charlie, 323 Charpentier, Pierre-Frédéric, 20, 25 Chastel, André, 23 Chirico, Giorgio de, 172 Chmielewski, Zbigniew (dir.), 328329, 342 Christ (Jesus), 83, 87, 149, 193-194, 267, 354, 356 376 Churchill, Winston, 124-125, 131, 138, 153 Cinema (see Films) Cioran, Emil, 37 Civil war, 48, 104 in Greece, viii, 219-237, 365 in Russia, xiv in Spain (Spanish Civil War), 172, 259, 267, 270 Clandestine press, 147, 169 Clark, Kenneth, 123-125 Clemenceau, Georges, 247 Clément, René, 52 Clio, 274 Cnockaert, Martha, 152, 158, 163 Coincidentia Oppositorum, ix, 292309, 364 Collaboration, 2, 5, 24, 41, 42-45, 47, 50, 55-59, 61, 63-66, 72, 74, 169, 179, 222, 228, 230, 232, 276-277, 280-281, 284-287, 289 Collective memory, xii, 1-2, 4, 6, 43, 61, 159, 181, 230, 232, 237, 243, 252, 254, 279, 284, 298, 304, 306, 328, 340, 344, 367, 371 Colonels’ Dictatorship in Greece, 223, 226, 228, 237 Comedy/comic, 76, 89-90, 95, 106, 213, 227, 237 Comencini, Luigi, 107, 115 Comité National des Écrivains, 10 Commemoration(s), 4, 27, 78, 83, 94, 96-97, 146-148, 151, 154, 158-159, 203, 241, 245, 248, 251, 253, 265, 282, 298- 299, 304, 366, 368 Communism, 27, 37, 42, 65-67, 225-226, 261, 272, 288, 351 Comnène, Marie-Anne, 16 Conscientious objection, 92 Corps franc, 15-16 Correspondence (see Letters) Corti, Eugenio, 113-114 Courage, Michel, 288 Index Courrier de Paris et de Province, 11, 15, 18-23 Cralli, Tullio, 123 Croÿ, Marie (de), 153-154, 162 Cru, Jean Norton, 241 Cultural memory-building, 4, 241 Cultural mobilisation/demobilisation, 79, 81, 245 Cunning, Pilot Officer James Erskine, 140 Curtis, Jean-Louis, 72 Dacier, Michel, 59 Daghani, Arnold, 187 Damianos, Alexis, 227 Darío, Rubén, 204 Darnand, Joseph, 42, 288 Deans, Austen, xi, 188, 197 Debussy, Claude, 53 Defeat, viii, 20, 23-24, 68, 99, 103106, 110-112, 119, 134, 179, 249, 260, 268-269, 330-333, 337 Defente, Raymond, 12, 19 Deighton, Len, 327, 329, 331, 341 Dejardin, Lucie, 152, 159 Delacroix, Léon, 148 Delacroix, René, 248, 250, 255 Delavignette, Robert, 16 Delbo, Charlotte, ix, 5, 276-285, 287-291, 363, 373 Delbrück, Hans, 207, 217 Delcourt, Marie, 152, 163 Delperrie de Bayac, J., 48 Demangeon, Albert, 16 De Robertis, Francesco, 115 Derrida, Jacques, 296, 306 Desgranges, Abbé Jean-Marie, 3, 60, 63-68, 71-73 Detœuf, Auguste, 13 Devoir de mémoire, 73 Dewé, Walthère, 145, 151, 159, 163 Dhavernas, Henri, 24 Diana, 54 Diaries, 78-81, 89, 98, 112, 240 Diaspora, 5, 343, 358 Mnemosyne and Mars Dickens, Charles, 133 Dimitriou, Alinda, 231 Dislocation, 5-6 Displacement, Dix, Otto, xiv Döblin, Alfred, 313-314, 324 Don Camillo, 110, 113-114 Doré, Gustave, 187 Doriot, Jacques, 279, 286, 290 Drake, Sir Francis, 124, 131-132 Dreyfus, Alfred, 65 Drieu la Rochelle, Pierre, 19, 24 Drouin, René, 171, 177, 182 Dryden, John, vi Dubuffet, Jean, viii, xi, 3, 166-171, 174, 176-182, 372 Dudach, Georges, 278 Dumay, Raymond, 23 Dunikowski, Xawery, 184 Dürer, Albrecht, 208 Durtain, Luc, 253-256 Dutourd, Jean, 72 Duveau, Georges, 18 Edel, Peter, xi, 184, 188, 190, 195 Eluard, Paul, 167, 169, 171 Engels, Frederick, 353 Épuration [Purges], 46, 59-60, 62, 64-65, 70, 73, 280, 291 Ernst, Max, 172 Espionage, 145-146, 148, 163-164, 370 Etiemble, René, 12 Europe, 12, 19, 42 European Education and Culture Centre Zgorzelec-Görlitz, 5, 302-305 Evtushenko, Evgeny (see Yevtushenko) Fascism, 15, 20, 28, 33, 67, 109110, 116-117, 155-156, 163, 172, 180, 266-267, 329, 346348, 372 Fauconnier, Henri, 252-253, 256 Fautrier, Jean, 176, 372 Feder, Adolphe, xi, 188, 196 Femininity (see Gender) 377 Ferguson, Niall, 330, 341 Fernandez, Dominique, 288, 290 Fictive narration, 242 Film adaptations, viii, 202-218 Films, 1, 4, 7, 41-58, 61-62, 115, 122, 127, 202-218, 219-237, 301, 327, 336, 340-341, 362, 364-365, 372 First World War – as battle for Western civilisation, xiv Flers, Robert de, 204 Flynn, Errol, 122 Foch, Ferdinand, Marshal, 157 Forces Franỗaises de lIntộrieur (FFI), 63, 69-70, 172 Foucault, Michael, 328, 341 Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Book of Revelation), viii, 202218 Franco, General Francisco, 267 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), 69 Franju, Georges, 46 Freemason, 48 Freemasonry, 48 Freikorps (see Corps franc) Frénaud, André, 169 French Revolution, 17, 70, 101, 103, 119, 206 Fresnaye, Roger de la, 172 Freud, Sigmund, 278, 290 Friedmann, Georges, 18 Frontisme, 13 Frye, Northrop, 323 Furch, Bruno, 192 Fussell, Paul, 76-77, 93, 96-98, 323324 Gabriel, Jacques, 166-171, 181 Gafita, Mihai, 29 Gallimard, Gaston, 13, 20, 23 Gandhi, Mahatma, 262-263, 265, 269 García Calderón, Francisco, 204 García Calderón, Ventura, 204, 217, 370 Garros, Roland, 120 378 Gaulle, Charles de, 41, 61-62, 6667, 73, 168-169, 259, 262-263, 275 Gawron, Wincenty, 192 Gemeinschaft (and Gesellschaft), 316-317 Gender (masculinity, femininity), 3, 77-78, 82, 89, 97, 111, 118, 147-149, 151, 153-156, 245, 247, 328, 337-339, 362, 365, 370 Genet, Jean, 56 Genocide, 100, 102, 329-331, 343 Géraldy, Paul, 205 German militarism, 202-203, 210, 213 Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, 27 Gide, André, 11 Gillet, Louis, 12 Ginsburg, Carlo, 328 Girard, Louis-Dominique, 64, 73 Giraudoux, Jean, 13 Glasnost, 357 Gleizes, Albert, 172 Goebbels, Joseph, 333 Göndör, Bertalan, 190 Goodbye to All That, viii, 3, 76-98 Gorbachov, Mikhail, 37 Görlitz, 5, 292-309 Gotko, Jacques, 187 Grande Illusion (La), 53 Grand-historical narrative, ix, 6, 327-342, 363 Grand narratives, xv, Graves, Robert, 3, 76-98, 363 Great Patriotic War, ix, 103, 343344, 346-348, 353, 358 Greek cinema, viii, 4, 219-237, 365 Greek Civil War, viii, 219-237, 365 Gregor, Manfred, 331, 341 Grief/mourning, 94, 279, 289, 339 Griffin, Murray, 186-187 Grossman, Vassily, 347-348 Guareschi, Giovanni, 113-114 Guérin, Jean (pseud Jean Paulhan), 17 Index Guilt, 33, 54-55, 66, 71-72, 121, 135, 210, 231, 277, 280, 285286, 323, 329, 336 Guitry, Sacha, 54 Gullace, Nicoletta, 82-83, 92, 96 Gutenberg, Johannes, 317 Guy-Grand, Georges, 18 Haas, Leo, 192 Hacha, Emil, 32 Halbwachs, Maurice, 298, 306 Hals, Franz, 126 Hamel, Yan, 60, 73 Hammett, Dashiell, 127 Hanau, Marthe, 155 Hari, Mata, 151 Harris, John, 336 Harvey, David, 44, 57 Hašek, Jaroslav, 313 Hawkins, Richard, 131 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 102 Heidegger, Martin, vi, 295-296, 306, 362, 366 Heimat: A Chronicle of Germany (see also Reitz, Edgar), 328-329, 336, 341, 342 Heine, Maurice, 14 Henriot, Philippe, 44-45 Henry VIII, 124 Heroes, viii, 3, 66, 72, 74-75, 81, 85, 91-92, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107-109, 111-115, 117, 119, 127, 131, 138, 171, 225, 247, 250, 344 Heroines, viii, 3, 75, 145-147, 149152, 154-156, 159, 162 Hewitt, Leah D., 48-49, 53, 57 Heydrich, Reinhard, 333 Hibi, George Matsusaburo, 187 Hillary, Richard, 129 Himmler, Heinrich, 333 Hindenburg, Paul von, 333 Hinrichsen, Klaus, 186, 200 Hirsch, Marianne, 363-364, 367 Historical novel, 32-34, 39-40, 344, 359-360, 365-366 Mnemosyne and Mars Hitler, Adolf, 11, 13, 16, 27-28, 3033, 36-40, 128-130, 143-144, 215, 222, 235, 263, 269-270, 286, 302, 329, 331, 333, 337, 341, 343, 345, 353, 357-358 Hodson, James Lansdale, 336 Holbein, Hans (the Younger), 124 Holocaust, ix, 38, 100, 183, 185, 187-188, 190-192, 194-195, 200-201, 233, 235, 286-287, 289-291, 329-330, 343, 345347, 351-352, 357-358, 365367, 369 Home front, 121, 203-204 land, 5, 247, 336, 345 Horne, John, 79, 81, 97, 100, 102, 118, 245, 247, 256 Horthy, Miklós (Admiral), 26 Humanism, 5, 170-171, 180, 304, 322, 373 Humour, 89, 137, 190 Ianosi, Ion, 35 Icarus, viii, 120-144 Identity, viii-ix, xiii, 2-4, 6-7, 42, 46, 48-50, 53, 57, 80, 82-83, 85, 87-88, 91-92, 96-98, 101, 120, 155, 157, 159, 216, 294, 296, 300, 303-305, 312-326, 330, 334-335, 341, 345-347, 350, 352, 355-356, 361, 365, 371372 Ikor, Roger, 16, 19, 23 Iliescu, Ion, 38 Imagination, 4, 12, 44, 99-100, 102, 111, 119-120, 123, 137, 144, 166-168, 174, 177, 182, 277, 288, 301, 357 Ingram, Rex, 202, 211, 213-214, 218 Internment, viii, 183, 186-187, 190, 200 Iron Guard, 26, 29-30, 37 Izard, Georges, 13, 18-19 Jacobinism, 16, 19 Jacquet, Michel, 71-73 379 Jacquot, Pierre Elie, 269 Jagger, Charles Sargeant, 368 James, William, 319, 324 Jamet, Claude, 63-66, 73 Jankiewicz, Jerzy, 135 Janus, Stefan Wladyslaw (sic), 135 Jardin, Alexandre, 288, 290 Jardin, Pascal, 56, 287-288, 290 Jaurès, Jean, 266 Jay, Martin, 94, 97 JaĨwiecki, Franciszek, 185 Jesus Christ (see Christ) Jeunet, Jean-Pierre (dir.), 336 Joan of Arc, 148, 150-151, 155, 157, 163-164 Job, 273 Johns, W E., 122-123 Jouvet, Louis, 278 Joyce, James, 12 Jung, Carl, 261 Kandinsky, Wassily, 172 Kantor, Alfred, 185, 188 Kedward, H R., 45, 51, 58 Kennington, Eric, 124-140, 143, 368 Kertész, Imre, 277, 290 Khrushchev, Nikita, 351 Kien, Peter, 189 Kipling, Rudyard, 137 Kirk, Brian, 336 Klee, Paul, 172 Kolaczkowski, Squadron Leader Wojciech, 133 Konieczny, Karol, 193-194 Koundouros Nikos, 223 Kristeva, Julia, 356, 359 Kyrou, Adonis, 223 Laborie, Pierre, 59-60, 63, 74 Lacan, Jacques, 17, 44, 355-356, 359 Lacey, Sergeant James Harry, 126127 Lacombe Lucien, vii, 2, 41-58, 364 Laforêt, Claude, 204 Lagrange, Léo, 19 Lamprecht, Karl, 207, 217 Lapie, Pierre Olivier, 16 380 Lardenois, Roger, 23 Lawrence, Thomas Edward, 126, 129, 131, 143, 268 Le Boulaire, Jean, 295 Le Franc, Marie, 251-252, 256 Legacy, 4, 79, 85, 97, 101, 104, 118, 203-204, 216, 232, 234, 248, 257, 277, 287, 340, 364, 373 Le Garrec, Evelyne, 286, 290 Lelarbre, Léon, 187 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 273, 351353 Letters, 10, 12-13, 16, 18, 21-23, 78-80, 86-87, 95-96, 211 Levi, Giovanni, 328 Lewis, Cecil, 123 Lewis, Flight Lieutenant Albert Gerald, 126 Lhote, André, 172 Liberation, 27, 58, 60, 62, 64, 7071, 167-172, 174, 180, 220, 222, 226, 228, 246, 261 Limbour, Georges, 166-168, 171174, 177-178, 182 Liucci, Raffaele, 104, 106, 109, 118 Liza’s England, 327, 329, 337-339, 341 Lödke, Alf, 328 Logothetidis, Vassilis, 223 Lorenz, Chris, 91, 97 Lyotard, Jean-Franỗois, 6, 259, 275, 327-328, 342 Macovescu, George, 36, 40 Makine, Andreï, 6, 343-360, 363, 370 Malherbe, Henry, 205 Malle, Louis, 2, 41-45, 53-55, 57-58 Mallory, George, 89, 96 Malraux, André, ix, 1, 5, 18, 23, 123, 171, 258-275, 372 Malraux, Florence, 259 Malraux, Madeleine, 259 Mandelstam, Nadejda, 267 Manthoulis, Roviros, 223 Mao-Tse-Tung, 270, 272-273 Mardore, Michel, 50 Index Marianne, 15, 20 Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 123 Marion, Paul, 13 Mars, ix, xiii, 3, 5, 258-275 Marshall, William Leonard, 327331, 342 Marx, Karl, 27, 32, 34, 40, 81, 351, 353 Masculinity (see Gender) Massis, Henri, 23 Masson, André, 172 Masson, Frédéric, 204 Mathis, June, 211-215, 218 Matthew (Saint and apostle), 88, 323 Maulnier, Thierry, 19 Maurras, Charles, 20, 157, 204 Max, Colette, 23 Mayrena, David, 268, 270 Mbeloyannis, Nikos, 230 McIndoe, John, 185, 187 McKenna, John, 152 McKenna (born Cnockaert), Martha, 152, 164 Meetingpoint music Messiaen, ix, 5, 292, 302-305, 364 Melville, Jean-Pierre, 43, 53 Memoirs, 90, 106 Memorials, 94, 97, 103, 151, 157, 187-189, 250, 302, 337, 340, 371 Memory boom, 91, 361 Memory-building, 4, 241 Memory industry, 361 ‘Memory shift’, Messiaen, Olivier, ix, 5, 292, 294295, 299, 302-305, 307-308, 364 Metanarrative, 4, 6, 80, 327-328 Metapolitefsi (in Greece), 227-230, 235 Metro Pictures (Metro-GoldwynMayer), 210, 213, 218 Metz, Christian, 44, 58 Metzinger, Jean, 172 Mnemosyne and Mars Meyer, Jessica, 77-80, 89, 97, 241242, 256 Mihai, of Romania (King), 27 Milice (franỗaise), 42-43, 46, 48, 50, 56, 67-68, 288 Mimesis, Minnelli, Vincente, 202-203, 213216, 218 Mnemosyne, vi, xiii, 5, 258-275 Modernity, 11, 25, 52, 58, 82, 92, 97, 314, 316-320, 323, 325, 373 Modiano, Patrick, 41-44, 54-58, 287 Moira, Albert, 294 Monicelli, Mario, 107, 115 Montanelli, Indro, 113 Montherlant, Henry de, 23 Moravia, Alberto, 105-106, 114 Morienval, Henri, 246, 256 Mortier, Nady, 153, 163 Moscioni Negri, Cristoforo, 113114 Mosse, George, 100, 118 Moulin, Jean, 62 Mounier, Emmanuel, 19 Munich Agreement, 11, 13-15, 17, 122 Music, ix, xiii, 5, 53, 76, 89, 183184, 200, 221, 258-259, 292309, 345, 351-352, 360, 362, 364 Music, Zoran, 187-188, 193-194 Myszkowski, Tadeusz, xi, 198 Myth, 2-5, 7, 41, 53-54, 59-62, 73, 77, 90, 95, 98, 100-101, 103, 111-112, 119, 139, 151, 231, 258, 261-269, 271-272, 313315, 321-324, 338, 344-345, 347, 358, 372 Nacache, Jacqueline, 42, 52, 54, 58 Naegelen, René, 243 Nansen, Odd, 194 Napoleon Bonaparte, 28, 270, 273, 344 Nationalism, viii, 16, 20, 36, 38, 82, 91, 95, 97, 202-218, 316, 325, 334-335, 342, 347 381 Nation-state, 91, 93, 219 National Liberation Front (EAM), 220, 222 National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA), 224 National Revolution, 17, 45, 179 National Socialism, 100-101, 266 Nazi ideology, 214-215 Nazi-Soviet (Stalin-Hitler/StalinRibbentrop) Pact, 33, 67 Nehru, Jawarharlal, 262-263, 268 Nelson, Horatio, 124, 132 New Greek Cinema, 227, 229 Nicholas of Cusa, 295, 297 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 212, 261 Night Porter, 50 Niven, David, 122, 143 Nizan, Paul, 17, 23 Nora, Pierre, 60, 299, 307 Nouveaux Cahiers de la Quinzaine, 13, 17-18 Nouvelle Revue franỗaise (La), 2, 10-11, 18, 25, 369 Nowakowski, Waldemar, xi, 192193, 199 Nussbaum, Felix, 194 Obata, Chiura, 185 Oh, What a Lovely War! (play/film), 76-77, 95 Okubo, Miné, 190, 201 Olumucki, Halina, 192 Ophüls Marcel, 41, 231, 281 Orpen, William, 121-122, 144 Otto, King of Greece, 224 Owen, Wilfrid, 76, 217, 340 Pacifism, 79, 113 Parain, Brice, 16 Parker, Flight Sergeant Hector, 131 Parrot, Louis, 166-170, 174-176, 180, 182 Pasquier, Étienne, 295 Patriciu, Grigore, 29-30, 34 Patriotism, 20, 38, 83, 96, 103, 113, 137-138, 155, 204, 247-248, 251 382 Paulhan, Jean, 2, 10-15, 17-25, 166167, 169-171, 178, 182, 369 Paunescu, Adrian, 28, 38 Pavese, Cesare, 105-106, 115 Peake, Air Commodore Harald, 123, 125-126, 132 Pedagogy of memory, 297-300 Péguy, Charles, 15, 17-19 Péguy, Marcel, 18 Péguy, Pierre, 18 Pelorson, Georges, 15 Perestroika, 346, 357 Pétain, Philippe, 23, 44-45, 52, 6566, 69, 74, 168, 179 Petit, Gabrielle, 148-151, 154, 158159, 164 Petitjean, Armand, vii, 2, 10-25, 363, 369 Picasso, Pablo, 171-172, 186 Pieck, Henri, 194 Pirro, Ugo, 105-106, 115 Pisarek, Marian, 135 Places of national memory, 297298, 300-301 Poetry, xiii, 1, 76, 81, 83, 96-97, 167, 169, 176-177, 274, 327, 364, 368, 370, 372 Poincaré, Raymond, 203-204 Politics - of memory, 59-74, 234235 - of suffering, 330 - of violence, 330 Ponge, Francis, 169-170, 176-177, 182, 372 Pontormo, Jacopo, 194 Poole, Ross, 82, 91-92, 97 Popular Front (Front populaire), 13, 20, 47, 52 Portraiture, 124, 126, 143, 368 Post-heroic (age), 99, 101-103 Postmemory, 5, 76-77, 90, 363-364, 367, 372 Postmodernity, 44, 57 Postwar Europe, 48-49, 53, 57, 99, 232, 234 Index Preda, Marin, vii, 2, 28-29, 32-40, 363 Prédal, René, 44, 58 Prévost, Jean, 171 Priestley, J B., 131-132 Prisoners of war, 4-5, 28-29, 183201, 276, 279, 292-309, 333, 344, 350, 353, 357, 371 Propaganda, xi, 1, 17, 24, 34, 63, 92, 103, 117, 121, 138, 161, 173-174, 178, 180, 213, 216, 225-227, 235, 329, 348, 362 Prost, Antoine, 90, 168, 172, 180, 182, 251 Prosthetic memory, 4, 363 Psyche, 54 Quartet for the End of Time, 5, 295, 304 Radio Free Europe, 32-33, 37, 40 Ratel, Simonne, 16 Rathbone, Basil, 122 Rationing, 175, 215 Réal del Sarte, Maxime, 157 Rebreanu, Liviu, 28 Reconstruction, 4, 167-168, 170171, 180, 227 Redier, Antoine, 145-146, 155-156, 163 Refugee(s), 5, 65, 175, 186, 229-231 Regeneration (novel by Pat Barker), 90 Reichel, Hans, 184 Reinhardt, Django, 45 Reitz, Edgar (dir.), 328-329, 336337, 342 Religion, 80, 82-83, 89, 152, 253, 261, 271, 320, 323 Renoir, Jean, 53 Repin, Ilya, 194 Repression, 48, 73, 94, 154, 159 Resistance, vii-viii, 2-3, 10, 24, 30, 34, 41-43, 45, 47-51, 58-64, 6674, 104, 109, 111-112, 145-148, 153-154, 158-159, 166-169, 171-172, 175-176, 178, 180, 191, 200, 214-215, 219-220, Mnemosyne and Mars 222-223, 225-226, 228-230, 233, 246, 266-267, 269, 274, 278-279, 281, 283-285, 290, 295, 304, 368-369, 372 Résistancialisme, vii, 2, 59-74 Résistantialisme, vii, 2-3, 59-74 Revolution (see French Revolution) Rhys Davids, Lieutenant Arthur Percival Foley, 121-122 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 67 Ricœur, Paul, 299-300, 308 Riding, Laura, 88 Riefenstahl, Leni, 129 Rigoni Stern, Mario, 113, 115 Rigoulot, Pierre, 280, 285-286, 288, 291 Rimanelli, Giose, 112, 115 Rivers, William Halse Rivers, 94 Roberts-Jones, Ivor, 368-369 Rolland, Romain, 244-245, 254, 256-257 Rolls, Charles, 120 Rolski, Wing Commander Tadeusz Henryk, 134-135 Rossellini, Roberto, 110, 115 Roth, Joseph, 314, 325 Rothberg, Michael, 366-367 Rothenstein, William, xi, 121, 123124, 130, 132, 141, 144 Rougemont, Denis de, 13 Rousset, David, 190 Rousso, Henry, 2, 41, 58-62, 65, 7374, 232 Roy, Claude, 12, 16, 23 Rüsen, Jörn, 232, 236, 340, 342 Russell, Bertrand, 99 Russell, C S P., xi, 141 Ruzamski, Marian, 189 Saint Christopher, 343-360 Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 123, 131 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 12, 169 Sassoon, Siegfried, 76, 79, 81-82, 86-90, 93-96, 98 Satta, Armando, 109 Sauveur (Le), 50 Sayers, Dorothy L., 133 383 Schaeffer, Pierre, 12 Schauwecker, Franz, 333 Schlumberger, Jean, 11 Schwitters, Kurt, 186 ‘Screen-memory’, 41, 51, 54, 62 Searle, Ronald, 191 Securitate, 33, 37 Security Battalions, 222 Seghers, Pierre, 168-169, 182 Seicaru, Pamfil, 34 Semprun, Jorge, 277, 291 Séonnet, Michel, 288, 291 Serres, Michel, 266 Service du Travail Obligatoire (S.T.O), 52, 279 Shakespeare, William, 138 Siegburg (Germany), xi, 153, 155, 158, 161-162 Siegfried, André, 17 Silence de la mer (Le), 53, 371 Silence, 10, 45, 51, 53, 60-61, 67, 72-73, 89, 94-96, 101, 149-150, 163, 169, 194, 201, 222, 225, 252, 262, 271, 277, 281, 283284, 286, 289-291, 344, 347, 351, 358, 362-363, 371 Sima, Horia, 31 Siwierski, Wáodzimierz, 189 Smith, Leonard, 77, 80, 92, 98, 242243, 257 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 314, 326 Sorel, Georges, 262 Soutine, Chaïm, 172 Spender, Stephen, 137 Spengler, Oswald, 264-265, 270, 272 Stalag VIII A Görlitz, 5, 292-309 Stalin, Joseph, 26, 33-34, 36-37, 39, 67, 129, 135, 143-144, 263, 270, 279, 346, 350-353, 360 StĊpieĔ-Bator, Zofia, 188-189 Stevens, Pilot Officer Richard Playne, 130 Stora, Benjamin, 232, 236 Surokowski, Ludwig, 192 Szajna, Józef, 184, 189 384 Taittinger, Pierre, 63, 74 Taslitzky, Boris, 187, 192 Tavernier, Bertrand, 336 Tavernier, René, 170 Taylor, Charles, 320, 325 Television, 37, 77, 95, 221, 224, 236, 327, 340 Tereszczenko, Jadwiga, 190 Terpsichore, 274 Testament of Youth, 76, 78-79, 9697 Testimonial writings, 278, 280-282, 287, 340 Testimony, 23, 156, 166, 188, 242, 257, 273, 283, 287, 373 Thuliez, Louise, 153-155, 164 Tolstoy, Leo, 29, 32 Tönnies, Ferdinand, 316-317 Townsend, Squadron Leader Peter Wooldridge, 136-138 Trauma/traumatism, 4-5, 89, 91, 93, 95, 100-101, 110-111, 119, 190192, 195, 220-222, 229, 231232, 234-236, 241, 259-261, 266, 269, 271, 276-278, 281282, 289, 349, 362-364, 371 Treitschke, Heinrich von, 207, 218 Trigalet, Louise, 154 Trotsky, Leon, 351 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 38 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, 352 Tzimas, Nikos, 230 Ulmann, André, 13, 15-19, 21-23 Urquhart, Jane, 336 USSR, 33, 343, 350, 359 Vailland , Roger, 60, 372 Valentino, Rudolf, 202, 211, 213, 218 Vanhoutte, Marie-Léonie, 154-155 Vendredi, 13, 15 Venus, 272 Vercors (Bruller, Jean), 53, 371 Veteran associations, 154, 159 Veterans, 19, 66, 80, 110, 113, 151, 156, 242-243, 251-253, 302, 333, 340, 348 Index Vichy France/Vichy regime, 12, 15, 24, 41-42, 52, 62, 65-66, 74, 157, 163, 179, 215, 232, 276, 286, 288, 363 Vichy Syndrome, 41, 50, 57-62, 74, 232 Viénot, Pierre, 16 Viganò, Renata, 104, 115, 119 Virgil, Publius Vergilius Maro, vi Visconti, Luchino, 110 Vittorini, Elio, 109 Voulgaris, Pantelis, 227, 229-231, 235, 237 Watson, Janet, 78, 80, 90-92, 98, 339-340, 342 Weber, Max, 263, 317, 319, 325 Weise, Christian, 303 Weissenborn, Helmut, 186 West, Graeme, 93, 98 Weygand, Maxime, General, 157 Wiesel, Elie, 38, 277, 291 Wilkinson, Iain, 331, 342 Winter, Jay, vii, xii, xv, 78, 80, 9091, 94-95, 97-98, 181, 212, 218, 250, 257, 276, 289, 291, 362 Winter: The Tragic Story of a Berlin Family 1899-1945, 327, 329, 331-334, 341 Witness, vii, 5, 10-11, 15, 20-22, 100, 106, 185, 191-193, 200201, 241, 278, 283-284, 287289, 297, 305, 328, 338, 348, 363 Wittlin, Joseph, ix, 5, 312-326 Women, xiii, xv, 3, 5, 33, 39, 41, 78, 81, 83, 96-97, 111, 120, 127, 145-159, 162-163, 170, 184, 188, 190-192, 201, 205, 208, 211-212, 217-218, 221, 231, 242-244, 246-247, 252, 282, 284, 287, 290, 329, 338-339, 341, 368, 370 Wylie, Laurence W., 72, 74 Yevtushenko, Evgeny, 347 Yiannakakis, Elias, 231 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Mnemosyne and Mars Youth, 12-13, 15, 17, 24, 46, 49, 76, 78-79, 96-97, 114, 128, 149150, 205, 209, 252, 264, 331 Zdziechowski, Marian, 318, 326 385 Zgorzelec (see also Görlitz) , 293 Zinoviev, Grigory, 351 Zöberlein, Hans, 333 www.Ebook777.com ... an examination and assessment of cultural representations of war in twentieth- century Europe and their place in national historiographies Literature, film and painting are shown to be of the utmost... learning and research, and to invite them to participate in, and contribute to, the on-going discussion and analysis of artistic, cultural and memorial representations of twentieth- century warfare... inspiration for this volume was a major international conference on War and Memory: artistic and cultural representations of individual, collective and national memories in twentieth- century Europe