Model Course 3.05 Survey of Fire Appliances and Provisions Model Course developed under the IMO - Norwegian programme ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thiscourse on Survey of Fire Appliances and Provisions is based on material developed for IMO, under contract by the course consultant G Stubberud, Assistant Director Maritime Directorate, Oslo, Norway IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the consultant for his expert assistance and co-operation Grateful acknowledgement Is made for the use of material and diagrams from: Det norske Veritas, Oslo, Norway; '- Heien-Larssen Engineering, Oslo, Norway; The Institute of Marine Engineers, London; Unitor Ships Service Ltd" Rickmansworth, WD3 1SW EngkJnd IMO expresses its gratitude to the Ugland Group, Grunstad, Norway for the financing of the printing of this edition Prepared for publication by Ashford Open Learning Reprinted 2001 in the United Kingdom By Ashford Press, Southampton Published by the International Maritime Organization, London Firstpublished 1991 Copyright © IMO 1991 T 305E ISBN 92-801-1370-4 Contents Page Foreword ,." Introduction " , ,., v , , " , , Part A: Course Framework Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 11 Part C: Detailed Te,aching Syllabus 15 Part D: Instructor Manual 33 Guidance on case studies and group assignments 41 Appendix 2: Plates which can be used to make overhead projector transparencies 49 Appendix 3: Plates giving supporting material for the instructor Appendix 1: Part E: Evaluation Annex: Assembly resolutions 183 A 565 (14), A 602 (15), A 123 (V); MSC Circular 373jRev 1, MSC Circular 450jRev 1, MSC Circular 451 Guidance on implementation 109 of model courses Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training forseniorpersonnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983 Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on " Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available W.A O'NEIL Secretary-General Introduction • Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid "teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly" Nor is it the intention to substitute audiovisual or "programmed" material for the instructor's presence As in all training "endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations • Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided underthe entry standards specified in the course framework The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired SURVEY OF FIRE APPLIANCES AND PROVISIONS By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the model course Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each learning area However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all the entry requirements ofthe course The instructor should therefore review these assessments and ~ay need to reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective • Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course An example of a lesson plan is shown in the instructor manual on page 40 Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material • Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective The syllabus is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to as the learning outcome • 'Evaluation or assessment of trainee progress Guidance on evaluation or assessment of trainees is given in Part E of the course The group assignments in section (appendix 1) may be sufficient to provide information which will show how effictive the transfer of knowledge and understanding has been • Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: '- o properly qualified instructors; o support staff; rooms and other spaces; o equipment; o textbooks, technical papers; o other reference material and Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course IMO has produced a booklet entitled "Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses", which deals with this aspect in greater detail Part A Course Framework • Scope The course is concerned with verification of compliance with the requirements in IMOconventions regarding the safety of ships, navigation and life at sea Itcovers the requirements of the initial, annual, intermediate and periodical surveys, as specified in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOlAS 74), as amended1), 2) and related documents,3) together with the necessary procedures for verification of these requirements including: " - suggested procedures for the carrying out of Convention requirements and detailed further in "Guidance" or "Recommendation" type documents relating to the Convention; - suggested acceptance criteria, Le standards, parameters or guidance towards acceptance of the requirements; - any other guidance necessary for the satisfactory determination ofthese survey requirements, with the aim of issuing the relevant certificates defined in the Convention The procedures and acceptance criteria described in the course are not to be construed as providing an authoritative interpretation of the SOlAS Convention This course does not cover preliminary design or plan approvals, nor does it coverthe surveyor inspection of chemical tankers, gas carriers, special purpose ships or mobile offshore units 1) As amended by the 1978 SOlAS Protocol and the 1981 and 1983 SOlAS amendments 2) The interpretation of any convention is a matter which must he decided by the contracting parties 3) Guidelines on Surveys Required by the 1978 SOlAS Protocol, the International Bulk Chemical Code and the International Gas Carrier Code (Resolution A.560(14)) (included in annex) The course should be supplemented by on-the-job training under the supervision of an experienced ship surveyor • Objectives The course, supplemented by appropriate on-the-job training, should enable those successfully completing it to: - conduct on behalf of their Administrations the surveys and inspections required by the 1974 SOlAS Convention, as amended, in respect of fire protection, fire detecting and fireextinguishing appliances, including fire control plans and inert gas systems; - report as necessary on the results of such surveys and inspections to enable the Administration to issue or renew in respect of the ship concerned a Passenger Ship Safety Certificate or a Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate and Safety Equipment Certificate and its Supplement, as appropriate, taking into account reports of surveys or inspections of materials, structure and other equipment in respect of which a certificate is to be issued or renewed, and to issue, renew or endorse the attachment to the above-mentioned certificates; - identify, specify and require any repair or replacements in the above regards which may be necessary to permit issue or renewal of the above certificates; and - monitorthe conduct and effectiveness of surveys and inspections of the above nature carried out on behalf of the Administration under delegated authority • Entry standard Those wishing to enter this course should be fully qualified master mariners, chief engineers, naval architect/marine engineers or hold an equivalent qualification and have experience related to the structural survey of ships, ship construction or ship repair work Note: This course may also be used in cross-training experienced ships surveyors of other disciplines PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK • Course certificate, diploma or document On successful completion of the course, a document should be issued certifying that the holder has completed a course of training at the required level of knowledge to conduct surveys of fire appliances and provisions Authorization to conduct ship surveys should only be granted following successful completion of appropriate on-the-job training • Course intake limitations The ratio of trainees to instructors should not exceed 20:1 in tutorial sessions and 10:1 in practical training sessions • Staff requirements All training and instruction should be given by suitably qualified personnel The senior instructor should be an experienced surveyor having a good knowledge of international requirements related to constructional fire protection, fire detecting and fire-fighting equipment and inert gas systems as laid down by IMO conventions, Assembly resolutions and MSC/Circulars Those teaching administrative aspects of survey control should also be experienced in these regards At least one additional instructor with experience as a surveyor should be available if practical training sessions can be arranged • Teaching facilities and equipment For tutorial sessions ordinary classroom facilities and an overhead projector are sufficient When audiovisual materials are used, the appropriate equipment must be available For practical training, visits to ships are essential If these can be arranged suitable protective clothing, tools and other equipment used for inspection and survey work will be required Separate rooms, equipped with a table and chairs, to accommodate three or four groups of trainees during case studies and group assignments will be needed Each room should be provided with a supply of paper and materials for producing overhead transparencies Annex - Example of a Model Course Syllabus in a Subject Area Subject area: Naval architecture Prerequisite: Can apply the principle of moments and Simpson's First Rule General Alms: To acquire and develop a knowledge and understanding of the basic principles governing the safe operation of merchant vessels, including, at least, loading, statical stability, trim, and propulsion, and thus to be able to carry out an assessment of the condition of a ship through calculations related to these basic principles Textbook: No specific textbook has been used to construct the syllabus, but the instructor would be assisted in the preparation of lecture notes by referring to a suitable textbook on naval architecture, such as Naval Architecture for Merchant Navy Officers, by R Munro-Smith (T1) or Merchant Ship Stability by Capt A.A Lester (T2) 17 Syllabus Outline Hours Displacement Buoyancy Lecture Trainee Exercises (inclusive) Defines and explains the meaning of displacement and buoyancy and can calculate their value from given data 1.6 (0.6) Area Objective Training Area and Ship Form Coefficients Explains the meaning of form coefficients and can use their value in appropriate calculations 1.4 (0.8) Statical Stability of Ships Explains the behaviour of a ship in still water when influenced by a small disturbing force, and can carry out j)imple calculations related to this 2.0 (0.8) Changes in Cargo Mass Explains that changes in cargo mass and distribution produce a shift in the centre of gravity of the ship, G, and can calculate this movement 3.0 (1.8) Trim Describes how alteration of cargo and other masses, by loading, discharging, or horizontal movement can affect the forward and after draughts, and can carry out calculations relating to such changes 3.0 (2.0) Ship Performance Explains how performance is assessed and measured in terms of speed, displacement and fuel consumption, and can carry out calculations relating to performance 2.0 (1.2) Propulsion Explains propeller action and can make calculations for propeller slip 2.0 TOTAL NB: Columns vary in the model courses according to characteristics 18 15 of subject area (1.0) Detailed Teaching Syllabus (Example) The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning objective format, in which the objective describes what the trainee must to demonstrate that knowledge has been transfe rred All objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words: "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee " In order to assist the instructor, references are shown against the learning objectives to indicate IMO references and publications, additional technical material and teaching aids, which the instructor may wish to use when preparing course material In the model courses the following notation is used: o Teaching aids are indicated by o IMO references are indicated by R, and o Bibliography Abbreviations A, references are indicated by B are also used, as follows: o Ch.: chapter o P : page o Pa.: paragraph o App.: appendix The following is an example of the use of a reference: "T1 - Ch.1, P.1 - 6" means, "refer to pages to of chapter of textbook T1." 19 Learning Objectives Displacement and Buoyancy Area Objective: defines and explains the meaning of displacement and buoyancy and can calculate their value from given data identifies a typical ship form and defines the particular dimensions of length (L) and beam (B) defines the depth at which a ship floats as draught (D) states that the shape of the liquid displaced is similar to the shape of the immersed outer portion of the ship's hull states that a ship when floating in a liquid will displace a volume of the liquid equal to the volume of the portion of the ship immersed calculates the volume of the immersed portion of a ship by applying Simpson's Rules and using as ordinates, values of waterplane area measured at equal intervals of draught between the keel and waterline, or, vertical areas of hull cross-section contained between the keel and waterline measured at equal intervals of length defines the displacement of a ship as the mass of water displaced by the immersed hull section calculates the displacement of a ship from "displacement (mass) ••• volume of water displaced x density of water" defines buoyancy (B) as the upthrust of pressure from the water acting on the immersed surface of the hull states that, for a body floating in equilibrium in a liquid, the upthrust from the force of buoyancy must equal the downward force of gravity acting on the body 10 explains, for a ship floating in equilibrium, that the downward acting force of gravity (weight) will be equal to the upward acting force of buoyancy from the water 11 explains that it has been internationally agreed to define and express buoyancy and displacement in mass units, Le kg, tonne, etc (1000 kg ••• tonne) 12 states that the force of buoyancy acting upwards on to the immersed hull of a ship can be considered as a single equivalent force acting at a point defined as the centre of buoyancy (B) NB: Columns vary in the model courses according to nature of reference and support material 20 IMO Reference STCW 1978- Textbooks Bibliography Tt- Teaching Aid See 11/4,(15) Sample IV2, (8) Lesson 1V/2, (3,i) Plan (Annex 3) Ch.1, P.1-6 Ch.2, P - 18 Ch.3, P 19-24 Learning Objectives Displacement (contd.) and Buoyancy IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 1978- T1- 11/4,(15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P 19-24 Teaching Aid IV/2, (3,i) 13 defines B as the centre of mass of the displaced water and can calculate its position using Simpson's Rule and the principle of moments 14 states that the force of gravity acting downwards on the ship and its contents can be considered as a single equivalent force acting at a point defined as the centre of gravity (G) 15 states that it is accepted practice to measure points Band G with respect to the keel, Le KB and KG 16 states that, for a ship at rest and in equilibrium, the points Band G will be on a common vertical line Ship Form Coefficients Area Objective: explains the meaning of "form coefficients" and can use their value in appropriate calculations defines a ''form coefficient" as a ratio of the actual ship area or volume, usually up to the waterline, and the standard geometric area or volume which can contain it states the coefficient in terms of areas, volumes and ship dimensions, for: - waterplane STCW 1978 11/4,(15) T1- 11/2,(8) Ch.1, 1/1/4,(3i) P.1-6 area (CA) - midship section area (CM) - underwater hull volume, as • Block (Cs) • Prismatic (Cp) can carry out calculations involving the coefficients in 2.2 and can use them as necessary in other appropriate formulae 21 Reference Statical Stability of Ships STCW 1975 - Tf- IV4, (15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P 19-24 Area Objective: explains the behaviour of a ship in still water when influenced by a small disturbing force, and can carry out simple calculations related to this defines "heel" as movement of a transverse section of the ship about a longitudinal axis through the waterplane at the waterline, causing rotation through an angle - hence, angle of heel defines ''trim" as movement of a longitudinal section of the ship about a transverse axis through the waterplane at the waterline, which would alter the draughts at the bow and stern explains stable equilibrium as a condition in which the ship would return to its original position after being given an initial inclination from a position of rest explains neutral equilibrium as a condition in which the ship remains in its disturbed position after being given an initial inclination from a position of rest explains unstable equilibrium as a condition in which the ship continues moving away from its position of rest after being given an initial inclination defines, for one condition of stable equilibrium, that Band G must be contained on the same vertical line states that for each increment of heel angle there will be a new position for B due to the change of underwater shape states that a curve of the position of B against heel angle can be plotted, and that the instantaneous centre of this curve is defined as the metacentre (M) states that the positions of Band M are related solely to the displaced water in volume and shape and that a mathematical relationship between them is: distance, BM, = second moment of waterplane area displaced volume Le BM = W, where I = second moment of WPA and V = displaced volume 10 states that the distance KM is relatively small for the transverse section involving heel (I is proportional to beam cubed) 11 states that the distance KM is relatively large for the longitudinal section involving trim (I is proportional to length cubed) 22 IMO Learning Objectives 111/2,(3,i) Texfbooks Bibliography Teaching Aid Learning Objectives Changes in Cargo Mass (contd.) states that the movement of G resulting from changes in cargo value or position can be calculated by applying the principle of moments calculates vertical and/or horizontal movements of G when cargo or other masses are loaded, discharged or moved explains that when cargo is added or removed the mean draught will change and the change in shape of displaced water will produce a shift in the position of the centre of buoyancy establishes the position of relative to midships, (longitudinal centre of buoyancy), by reference to a graph of the position of to mean draught Trim " Area Objective: describes how alteration of cargo and other masses by loading, discharging, or horizontal movement can affect the forward and after draughts, and can carry out calculations relating to such changes defines trim (t) as the difference between the forward and after draughts explains that when changing trim a ship will move (rotate) about a transverse axis which passes through the centroid of the waterplane at the waterline defines the centroid of the waterplane at the waterline as the centre of flotation (F) states that if a mass is loaded or discharged with its centre of gravity on a vertical through F, the trim is not changed states that if a mass, m, is loaded or discharged at a point horizontally, "d", from F, a trimming moment of md is set up states that the moment required to change the trim (MCT) by centimetre is given by: GML = 100 L 24 MCT/1 cm IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 1978- Tt- 11/4,(15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P 19-24 111/2,(3,i) STCW 1978- Tt- 11/4,(15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P.34-39 111/2,(3,i) Teaching Aid Learning Objectives Propulsion (contd.) defines "wake" as the body of water following the ship states that real slip takes into account the speed of the wake and is always positive IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 197811/2,(8) 111/4,(3)) T1Ch 9, P 102 - 105 Teaching Aid 27 Annex - Example of Lesson Plan For Annex SUBJECT AREA: Naval Architecture TRAINING AREA: Displacement LESSON NUMBER DURATION 100 MINUTES and Buoyancy MAIN ELEMENT SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE IN TEACHING SEQUENCE WITH MEMORY KEYS TEACHING METHOD Displacement and Buoyancy Lecture TEXTBOOK T1- INSTRUCTOR GUIDELINES IMO REF AN AID STCW11/4, (15) Use sketches on wall board or OHP LECTURE NOTES TIME MINS compiled by lecturer 1112,(8) 111/3, (3i) identify and describe typical ship form define main dimensions of length and beam Ch.1 P.1 - Refer to IG1 define draught Ch.1 P.1- Refer to IG1 show that the shape of the water displaced is the same as the shape of the immersed hull Ch.2 P.7 - 18 Refer to IG2 develop from 0.3 that the volume of water displaced is equal to the volume of hull immersed in the water Ch.2 P.7 - 18 Refer to IG2 calculate the volume of hull immersed in the water using Simpson's Rule (Carry out calculation as group exercise) Ch.2 P.9 - 12 Refer to IG3 show and define displacement as the mass of water displaced by the immersed hull Ch.2 P.7 - 18 Refer to IG3 carry out calculation for displacement using work of 0.5 and 0.6 Ch.2 P.7 - 18 Refer to IG3 develop the argument that water pressure on the immersed hull surface provides an upward force - buoyancy Ch.3 P 19 - 24 Refer to IG4 volume 10 10 40 MAIN ELEMENT SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE IN TEACHING SEQUENCE WITH MEMORY KEYS TEACHING METHOD TEXTBOOK IMO REF AN AID show that for a body to float, the buoyancy force must balance the downward acting force of gravity Ch.3 P.19-24 show that, for a ship, buoyancy derives from water pressure and is equal to the weight of ship and contents - explain that displacement is measured in mass units Ch.3 P 19 - 24 Refer to IG4 11 using work from 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, calculate mass displacement Ch.3 P 19 - 24 Refer to IG4 12 define buoyancy and weight as point forces (B and G) Ch.3 P.19 - 24 Refer to IGS 13 show and explain that B is the centre of gravity of the displaced water Ch.3 P.19 -24 Refer to IGS show and explain that G is the centre of gravity of the ship and its contents Ch.3 P.19 - 24 Refer to IG5 explain that Band G are measured from the keel (K); hence, KB and KG Ch.3 P.19 - 24 Refer to IG5 show that, for a ship floating in equilibrium, B = G (as a force), Band G must be on the same vertical Ch.3 P.19 - 24 Refer to IG5 10 14 15 16 Refer to IG4 INSTRUCTOR GUIDELINES LECTURE NOTES TIME MINS 20 , 20 Annex - Example of Lesson Plan For Annex (contd.) ... fire in the space of origin protection of means of escape or access for fire fighting - ready availability of fire- extinguishing appliances - minimization of pos~ility of ignition of flammable cargo... the 'Fire Appliances and Provisions' part of the 'Initial Survey' means a thorough and complete examination, and tests when required, ofthe fire appliances, fire detection and structural fire. .. fire- extinguishingsystems ~ SurveyTraining SURVEY OF FIRE APPLIANCES AND PROVISIONS Course Outline (contd.) Hours Subject Area Survey Training lecture Miscellaneous fire- fighting equipment 1.5 Portable fire extinguishers