Model Course 3.06 Survey of Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements Model Course developed under the IMO - Norwegian programme ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This course on SUrvey of Ute-Saving Appliances and Arrangements Is based on material developed for IMO, under contract by the course conSultant G Stubberud, Assistant Director, Maritime Directorate, Oslo, Norway IMO wishes to express Its sincere appreciation to the consultant for his expert assistance and co-operation IMO also expresses Its gratitude to Seatrans, Bergen, Norway and to Helmer Staubo & Co., Oslo, Norway for the financing of the printing of this edition Reprinted 2001 in the United Kingdom By Ashford Press, Southampton Published by the International Maritime Organization, London Firstpublished 1991 Copyright © IMO 1991 T 306E ISBN 92-801-1371-2 Contents Page Foreword - •• - - -• •.•- .-• .• Introduction • • -• • - • • - - ••.• • • •••••.• •• • • • •.• •.v ••.• - - .- •.-• - - - • .• ••.•• • - - .1 Part A: Course Framework Part B: Course Outline and Timetable Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus 13 Part D: Instructor Manual 37 Appendix Appendix 69 Part E: Evaluation Annex: Assembly resolutions A 333(\X), A 522(13), A 603(15), A 658(16) MSC Cire 444, MSC Cire 447 GMDSS Conference Resolution Guidance on implementation of model courses SURVEY OF LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS Figures Figure 1-1 Applicable requirements 55 Figure 1-2 Instruments for a surveyor'.s guidance 56 Figure 1-3 Survey requirements 57 Figure 1-4 Matters not normally covered by Classification Society rules 58 Figure 1-5 Member societies of lACS and the structure of its organization 59 Figure 1-6 Statutory surveys of ships in service - Reporting 60 Figure 2-1 Statutory surveys of ships in service 61 Figure 2-2 Authorized to request a survey 62 Figure 2-3 Preparation by authorized surveyor 63 Figure 2-4 The professional approach 64 Figure 2-5 Preparation for survey (1) 65 Figure 2-6 Preparation for survey (2) 66 Figure 2-7 Tools and equipment 67 Figure 12-1 Components to a survey for surveys of a survey 68 Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983 Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available W.A O'NEIL Secretary-General Introduction • Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid "teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly" Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or "programmed" material for the instructor's presence As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group foreach course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations • Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired SURVEY OF LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concemed at appropriate points within the technical course Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the model course Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each learning area However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the course The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective • Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus The detailed syllabus contains· specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course An example of a lesson plan is included in the instructor manual on page 44 Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material • Presentation The· presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective The syllabus is laid out in learning.,.objective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to as the learning outcome INTRODUCTION • Evaluation or assessment of trainee progress Guidance on evaluation or assessment of trainees is given in Part E of the course The group assignment in section 12 may be sufficient to provide information which will show how effective the transfer of knowledge and understanding has been • Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: Q properly qualified instructors; Q support staff; Q rooms and other spaces; Q equipment; Q textbooks, technical papers; Q and other reference material Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course IMO has produced a booklet entitled "Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses", which deals with this aspect in greater detail.* * The booklet is included as an attachment to this course Part A Course Framework • Scope The course covers the requirements of the initial, annual, intermediate and periodical surveys, specified in the Intern~tional Convention for the Safety of Ufe at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 74), as amended, and related documents,1 together with the necessary procedures for verification of such requirements including: suggested procedures for the carrying out of Convention requirements and further detailed in "Guidance" or "Recommendation" type documents relating to the Convention; suggested acceptance criteria, Le standards, parameters or guidance towards acceptance of the requirements; any other guidance necessary for the satisfactory determination of these survey requirements, with the aim of issuing the relevant certificates defined ifi the Convention The procedures and acceptance criteria described in the course are not to be construed as providing authoritative interpretations of the SOLAS Convention The course does not cover preliminary design or plan approvals, nor does it cover the surveyor inspection of chemical tankers, gas carriers, special-purpose ships or mobile offshore units It is concernedwith verification of compliance with the requirements in IMO conventions regarding safety of ships, navigation and life at sea The course should be supplemented by on-the-job training under the supervision of an experienced ship surveyor Guidelines on Surveys Required by the 1978 SOLAS Protocol, the International Bulk Chemical Code and the International Gas Carrier Code (Resolution A.560(14» SURVEY OF LIFE-SAVING APPUANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS • Objectives The course, supplemented by appropriate on-the-job training, should enable those successfully completing it to: conduct on behalf of their Administrations the surveys and inspections required by the ,1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended, in respect of life-saving appliances and arrangements; report as necessary on the results of such surveys and inspections to enable the Administration to issue or renew in respect of the ship concerned a Passenger Ship Safety Certificate or a Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate and its Supplement, as appropriate, taking into account reports of surveys or inspections of materials, structure and other equipment in respect of which a certificate is to be issued or renewed, and to issue, renew or endorse the attachment to the above-mentioned certificates; identify, specify and require any repair or replacements in the above regards which may be necessary to permit issue or renewal of the above certificates; and monitor the conduct and effectiveness of surveys and inspections of the above nature carried out on behalf of the Administration under delegated authority • Entrystandard Those wishing to enter this course should be fully qualified master mariners, chief engineers or naval architects/marine engineers or should hold an equivalent qualification and have experience related to the structural survey of ships, ship construction or ship repair work Note: This course may also be used in cross-training experienced ship surveyors of other disciplines • Course certificate, diploma or document On successful completion of the course, a document should be issued certifying that the holder has completed a course of training at the required level of knowledge to conduct survey of life-saving appliances and arrangements Authorization to conduct ship surveys should only be granted following successful completion of appropriate on-the-job training Syllabus Outline Hours Lecture Trainee Exercises (inclusive) Defines and explains the meaning of displacement and buoyancy and can calculate their value from given data 1.6 (0.6) Area Objective Training Area Displacement Buoyancy and Ship Form Coefficients Explains the meaning of form coefficients and can use their value in appropriate calculations 1.4 (0.8) Statical Stability of Ships Explains the behaviour of a ship in still water when influenced by a small disturbing force, and can carry out simple calculations related to this 2.0 (0.8) Changes in Cargo Mass Explains that changes in cargo mass and distribution produce a shift in the centre of gravity of the ship, G, and can calculate this movement 3.0 (1.8) Trim Describes how alteration of cargo and other masses, by loading, discharging, or horizontal movement can affect the forward and after draughts, and can carry out calculations relating to such changes 3.0 (2.0) Ship Performance Explains how performance is assessed and measured in terms of speed, displacement and fuel consumption, and can carry out calculations relating to performance 2.0 (1.2) Propulsion Explains propeller action and can make calculations for propeller slip 2.0 TOTAL NB: Columns vary in the model courses according to characteristics 18 15 of subject area (1.0) Detailed Teaching Syllabus (Example) The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning objective format, in which the objective describes what the trainee must to demonstrate that knowledge has been transferred All objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words: ''The expected learning outcome is that the trainee •• In order to assist the instructor, references are shown against the learning objectives to indicate IMO references and publications, additional technical material and teaching aids, which the instructor may wish to use when preparing course material In the model courses the following notation is used: o Teaching aids are indicated by A, o IMO references are indicated by R, and o Bibliography Abbreviations references are indicated by B are also used, as follows: o Ch.: chapter o P :page o Pa.: paragraph o App.: appendix The following is an example of the use of a reference: "T1 - Ch.1, P.1 - 6" means, "refer to pages to of chapter of textbook T1." 19 Learning Objectives Displacement and Buoyancy Area Objective: defines and explains the meaning of displacement and buoyancy and can calculate their value from given data identifies a typical ship form and defines the particular dimensions of length (L) and beam (B) defines the depth at which a ship floats as draught (0) states that the shape of the liquid displaced is similar to the shape of the immersed outer portion of the ship's hull states that a ship when floating in a liquid will displace a volume of the liquid equal to the volume of the portion of IMO Reference STCW 1978- Textbooks Bibliography T1- calculates the volume of the immersed portion of a ship by applying Simpson's Rules and using as ordinates, values of waterplane area measured at equal intervals of draught between the keel and waterline, or, vertical areas of hull cross-section contained between the keel and waterline measured at equal intervals of length defines the displacement of a ship as the mass of water displaced by the immersed hull section calculates the displacement of a ship from "displacement (mass) = volume of water displaced x density of water" defines buoyancy (B) as the upthrust of pressure from the water acting on the immersed surface of the hull states that, for a body floating in equilibrium in a liquid, the upthrust from the force of buoyancy must equal the downward force of gravity acting on the body 10 explains, for a ship floating in equilibrium, that the downward acting force of gravity (weight) will be equal to the upward acting force of buoyancy from the water 11 explains that it has been internationally agreed to define and express buoyancy and displacement in mass units, Le kg, tonne, etc (1000 kg = tonne) 12 states that immersed equivalent buoyancy the force of buoyancy acting upwards on to the hull of a ship can be considered as a single force acting at a point defined as the centre of (B) NB: Columns vary in the model courses according to nature of reference and support material 20 See 11/4,(15) Sample IV2, (8) Lesson IV/2, (3';) Plan (Annex 3) Ch.1, P.1-6 the ship immersed Teaching Aid Ch.2, P - 18 Ch.3, P.19-24 Learning Objectives Displacement (contd.) and Buoyancy IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 1978 - Tf- 11/4,(15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P 19-24 Teaching Aid IV/2, (3,i) 13 defines B as the centre of mass of the displaced water and can calculate its position using Simpson's Rule and the principle of moments 14 states that the force of gravity acting downwards on the ship and its contents can be considered as a single equivalent force acting at a point defined as the centre of gravity (G) 15 states that it is accepted practice to measure points Band G with respect to the keel, Le KB and KG 16 states that, for a ship at rest and in equilibrium, the points Band G will be on a common vertical line Ship Form Coefficients Area Objective: explains the meaning of "form coefficients" and can use their value in appropriate calculations defines a '10rm coefficient" as a ratio of the actual ship area or volume, usually up to the waterline, and the standard geometric area or volume which can contain it states the coefficient in terms of areas, volumes and ship dimensions, for: - waterplane STCW 197811/4,(15) T1- 11/2,(8) Ch.1, 1/1/4,(3i) P.1-6 area (CA) - midship section area (CM) - underwater hull volume, as • Block (Cs) • Prismatic (Cp) can carry out calculations involving the coefficients in 2.2 and can use them as necessary in other appropriate formulae 21 Learning Objectives Statical Stability of Ships Area Objective: explains the behaviour of a ship in still water when influenced by a small disturbing force, and can carry out simple calculations related to this defines "heel" as movement of a transverse section of the ship about a longitudinal axis through the waterplane at the waterline, causing rotation through an angle - hence, angle of heel defines "trim" as movement of a longitudinal section of the ship about a transverse axis through the waterplane at the waterline, which would alter the draughts at the bow and stern explains stable equilibrium as a condition in which the ship would return to its original position after being given an initial inclination from a position of rest explains neutral equilibrium as a condition in which the ship remains in its disturbed position after being given an initial inclination from a position of rest explains unstable equilibrium as a condition in which the ship continues moving away from its position of rest after being given an initial inclination defines, for one condition of stable equilibrium, that Band G must be contained on the same vertical line states that for each increment of heel angle there will be a new position for B due to the change of underwater shape states that a curve of the position of B against heel angle can be plotted, and that the instantaneous centre of this curve is defined as the metacentre (M) states that the positions of Band M are related solely to the displaced water in volume and shape and that a mathematical relationship between them is: second moment of waterplane area distance, BM, = displaced volume Le BM = iN, where I = second moment of WPA and V = displaced volume 10 states that the distance KM is relatively small for the transverse section involving heel (I is proportional to beam cubed) 11 states that the distance KM is relatively large for the longitudinal section involving trim (I is proportional to length cubed) 22 IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 1975 - T1- 11/4,(15) Ch.3, 11/2,(8) P.19-24 111/2,(3';) Teaching Aid Learning Objectives Changes in Cargo Mass (contd.) states that the movement of G resulting from changes in cargo value or position can be calculated by applying the IMO Reference STCW 197811/4,(15) 11/2,(8) 1/1/2,(3';) Textbooks Bibliography TfCh.3, P 19- 24 principle of moments calculates vertical and/or horizontal movements of G when cargo or other masses are loaded, discharged or moved explains that when cargo is added or removed the mean draught will change and the change in shape of displaced water will produce a shift in the position of the centre of buoyancy B establishes the position of B relative to midships, (longitudinal centre of buoyancy), by reference to a graph of the position of B to mean draught Trim Area Objective: describes how alteration of cargo and other masses by loading, discharging, or horizontal movement can affect the forward and after draughts, and can carry out calculations relating to such changes defines trim (t) as the difference between the forward and after draughts explains that when changing trim a ship will move (rotate) about a transverse axis which passes through the centroid of the waterplane at the waterline defines the centroid of the waterplane at the waterline as the centre of flotation (F) states that if a mass is loaded or discharged with its centre of gravity on a vertical through F, the trim is not changed states that if a mass, m, is loaded or discharged at a point horizontally, "d", from F, a trimming moment of md is set up states that the moment required to change the trim (MCT) by centimetre is given by: GML = MCT/1 cm 100 L 24 STCW 197811/4,(15) 11/2,(8) 1/1/2,(3,i) TfCh.3, P.34-39 Teaching Aid 26 Learning Objectives Propulsion (contd.) defines "wake" as the body of water following the ship states that real slip takes into account the speed of the wake and is always positive IMO Reference Textbooks Bibliography STCW 1978 - T1- /1/2, (8) Ch 9, 1/1/4,(3';) P 102 - 105 Teaching Aid 27 ... approval of life -saving appliances 11.1 Testing of life -saving appliances 11.2 Evaluation, testing and acceptance of prototype novel 0.25 0.25 0.5 -1.-0 4.0 1.0 -5.0 life -saving appliances 12 Survey. .. SURVEY OF LIFE -SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS IMO Learning Objectives Reference Personal Life -Saving Appliances 3.2 3.3 18 Lifebuoys (0.25 hour) describes on board states the number of lifebuoys... donning - ergonomic - field of vision - flotation 27 SURVEY OF LIFE -SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS Learning Objectives IMO Reference 11.1 Testing of life -saving appliances (contd.) - righting