Diesel Motor Ships' Engines and Machinery DIAGRAMS CHRISTEN KNAK The Institute of Marine Engineers Copyright © 1990 The Institute of Marine Engineers Reprinted 1997 Published by: The Institute of Marine Engineers The Memorial Building 76 Mark Lane London EC3R 7JN A Charity registered in England and Wales Reg No 212992 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher Enquiries should be addressed to The Institute of Marine Engineers ISBN: ISBN: 0907206255 Volume (Text) 0907206 26 Volume (Diagrams) A CIF Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Table of Contents Page in text Fig Plate 1 Oil fractionating plant Distilling column Distilling plant Fluid friction 3 Plate Viscosity chart 10 Plate Viscosity chart 10 Plate 4 Engler's viscosimeter Raaschou's viscosimeter Cleveland's flash point apparatus Abel-pensky's flash point apparatus Pensky-Marten's flash point apparatus 10 13 13 13 Plate Viscosity diagram • 12 Plate 6 Distillation apparatus Distillation flask Berthelot-Mahler's calorimeter Berthelot-Mahler's calorimeter Distillation apparatus for the determination of water content Measuring glass for the determination of water content 14 14 15 15 17 17 Plate Measuring glass for centrifuge Measuring glass for centrifuge Blending chart 17 17 21 Fig Page in text Plate Surface Journal Friction Friction Michell profiles bearing (schematic) as a function of velocity as a function of velocity thrust bearing 24 26 27 27 27 Plate Michell thrust bearing Viscosity index Viscosity curves 28 31 30 Plate 10 'I Apparatus for determination of emulsion factor Conradson's testing apparatus Sample-taking apparatus Density curve 35 36 44 46 Plate 11 p-v p-v p-v p-v p-v diagram diagram diagram diagram diagram 55 61 61 61 61 Plate 12 Air temperatures at COlD pression Hot air engine Working cycle for 4-stroke diesel engine 65 62 66 Plate 13 Working cycle for 2-stroke diesel engine 68 Determination of Pi' 74 Determination of Pi' 75 Plate 14 Influence of connecting rod angle Eccentric for indicator drive Indicator drive 78 78 77 Fig Page in text Plate 15 Maihak indicator 78 Plate 16 Maihak indicator Planimeter 79 82 Plate 17 Normal diagram from 2-stroke diesel engine 83 Diagram showing premature ignition 88 Diagram showing retarded ignition 88 Diagram showing leakages at the piston, etc 88 Diagram showing post-combustion 89 Diagram with the indicator cord vibrating at resonant frequency 89 Diagram taken when indicator cord is too long 89 Diagram taken when indicator cord is too long 89 Plate 18 10 11 Diagram that is too long 89 Diagram with sluggish movement of indicator piston 89 Diagram with the indicator spring vibrating at resonant frequency 90 Diagram showing ignition delay, etc 85 Compression diagram 78 Weak spring diagram : 90 Weak spring diagram 91 Weak spring diagram 91 Weak spring diagram 91 Weak spring diagram 91 Weak spring diagram 91 Plate 19 Haennis max pressure gauge Pi meter Haennis max manometer Max manometer Max manometer 84 86 84 84 84 Fig Page in text Plate 20 Pressure curve Compression diagram Nonna! diagram Mean pressure Mean pressure 87 87 87 87 87 Plate 21 Sankey Sankey Exhaust Sankey diagram diagram boiler plant diagram 94 101 103 105 Plate 22 Freshwater generator 99 Plate 23 Freshwater generator 100 Plate 24 Forces Forces Curve Curve Curve in diesel engines in diesel engines for forces of inertia for forces of inertia ; for forces of inertia 103 103 104 105 106 Plate 2S Forces in a diesel engine Forces in a diesel engine Vibration curves Crankshaft Crankshaft 106 106 110 109 109 Plate 26 Detennination of tangential forces Detennination of tangential forces Tangential force diagram Tangential force diagram 110 110 110 111 Page in text Fig Plate 27 Tangential force Tangential force Tangential force Speed of rotation diagram diagram diagram diagram • 110 111 111 111 Plate 28 Piston ring joint Piston ring joint Cylinder wear Piston ring Scraper ring Thermal and tensile forces Stopping distances 113 113 114 114 115 118 135 Plate 29 Pressure wave in fuel pipe 120 Reflected pressure wave , 120 Check valve 120 Plate 30 Prony's brake (schematic) Water brake Torsion meter (schematic) Measuring flask for fuel oil 123 124 126 129 Plate 31 Rev/min and power curve Propeller curves Consumption curves 131 131 135 Plate 32 Illustration of power definitions Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller 137 143 144 144 144 Fig Page in text Plate 33 Propeller Cavitation tank 145 147 Plate 34 Calculation Curves for Curves for Curves for Centrifugal of propeller pitch adjustable pitch propellers adjustable pitch propellers adjustable pitch propellers pump 148 148 149 149 153 Plate 3S Centrifugal pump installation Characteristic for pipe system Pump characteristic Pump and piping characteristics Pump characteristics at different speeds 155 157 157 157 158 Plate 36 Pump characteristics 157 Pump characteristics 158 Determination of the operating point of a centrifugal pump 159 Plate 37 Pump characteristics with curves of efficiencies Determination of operating point Determination of operating point Pump characteristic Regulation by throttling Pump characteristics 158 160 160 161 161 162 Plate 38 Centrifugal pump cavitation Pump characteristics Water-ring pump : Rotary pump (vane pump) Gear pump Vane pump 162 163 164 165 165 165 Page in text Fig Plate 39 Rotan pump IMo pump 166 166 Plate 40 Monopump Compressor Compressor Compressor characteristics characteristics characteristics 167 168 169 169 Plate 41 Axial piston pump Axial piston pump Straight-way cock Angle-way cock Angle- way cock T-cock Straight-way cock 172 172 173 173 173 173 173 Plate 42 Cock Cock Straight-way valve Angle-way valve Check valve Discharge valve 174 174 174 174 175 175 Plate 43 Discharge valve Discharge valve Freeflow valve Quick-opening valve Quick-closing valve Bellows globe valve 175 175 176 176 176 176 Plate 44 Valve characteristics Gate valve 176 177 ... in diesel engines in diesel engines for forces of inertia for forces of inertia ; for forces of inertia 103 103 104 105 106 Plate 2S Forces in a diesel. .. 251 Plates 80-81 B&W diesel engine, type 1.67GB 251 Plate 82 B&W diesel motor, type L67GB 251 Plate 83 Impulse and constant pressure turbocharging Load diagram 252 252... 279 280 280 Plate 105 MAN-B&W diesel engine, type MC 26 281 Plate 106 Piston and piston rod Exhaust valve 283 282 Plate 107 Connecting rod and cross-head Chain