Nghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mì (NCKH)

Nghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mìNghiên cứu quá trình tạo bùn hạt hiếu khí trên mô hình SBR (sequencing batch reactor) đối với nước thải tinh bột mì

M CL C Trang M C L C i DANH M C CÁC CH VI T T T iii DANH M C B NG BI U iv DANH M C HÌNH v TÓM T T viii M U NG QUAN TÀI LI U 1.1.Th c tr ng s n xu t công ngh x c th i tinh b t mì 1.1.1.Quy mô s n xu t .7 1.1.2.Tính ch c th i s n xu t tinh b t mì 1.1.3.M t s công ngh x c th i s n xu t tinh b t mì 11 1.2.Gi i thi u b SBR 19 c tính chung c a b SBR .19 m .20 1.3.T ng quan v công ngh bùn h t hi u khí ng d ng 21 1.3.1.Khái quát v bùn h t 21 hình thành 23 1.3.3.Các y u t 1.3.4.C u trúc s ng .29 ng c a vi sinh v t 46 1.3.5.Các ng d ng c a công ngh bùn h t hi u khí 50 U 55 i u tài li u 55 2.2 n nghiên c u 55 2.2.1.V t li u nghiên c u 55 2.2.2.Mơ hình nghiên c u 58 2.2.3.Thi t b s d ng trình thí nghi m 60 2.3 N u 61 2.3.1.Th c nghi nh t i tr ng thích h p 61 2.3.2.Th c nghi c tính c a bùn h t hi u khí 62 2.3 ân tích 67 2.4 lý s li u 67 T QU NGHIÊN C U VÀ TH O LU N 68 3.1 N i dung 1: S hình thành bùn h t hi u khí qua t i tr ng .68 3.1.1 S hình thành phát tri n c a bùn h t 68 3.1.2 ng c a t i tr ng h 3.2 N 3.2.3 S 3.2.4 M nh c a h t 81 c tính c a bùn h t hi u khí 86 3.2.1 S phân b 3.2.2 Kh n tính c h t bùn .86 ng c a h t bùn .89 ng sinh kh i b 93 vi sinh v t bùn h t hi u khí .96 K T LU N VÀ KI N NGH 99 TÀI LI U THAM KH O 101 PH L C .110 ii DANH M C CÁC CH AGS : Bùn h t hi u khí BOD : Nhu c u oxy sinh h c VI T T T CMTR : B ph n ng tu n hoàn h n h p COD : Nhu c u oxy hóa h c DO : Oxy hòa tan EBPR : ECP : S n ph m ngo i bào EGSB : Khu EPS : Ch t Polyne ngo i bào F/M : T l th GAO : Vi sinh v HRT : Th i gia MBR : B l c sinh h c b ng màng MLSS :N sinh kh MLVSS : N sinh kh ng lo i b photpho sinh h c i qua l p bùn h t t c ng OLR : T i tr ng h PAC : Polime aluminium chloride PAO : Vi sinh v SBR : B ph n ng theo m SRT : Th SS : Ch t r SVI : Ch s th tích bùn l ng TCN : T ng cyanua TCVN : Tiêu chu n Vi t Nam TKN :T UASB : B ph n ng k khí v i dòng ch n ng bùn ho t tính iii c qua l p DANH M C B NG BI U B c th i phát sinh t trình s n xu t tinh b t mì 10 B ng 1.2: Thành ph n tính ch B ng 1.3: Cơng ngh x c th i tinh b t mì B ng 2.1: Thơng s B ng 2.2: Thành ph c th i tinh b t mì .10 m ts ch bi n 14 c th i tinh b t mì .56 ng- ng 57 B ng 2.3: hóa ch t s d ng thí nghi m 58 B ng 2.4: Các thi t b dùng cho nghiên c u 60 B ng 2.5: Ch B ng v n hành th c nghi m kh o sát t i tr ng (OLR) 62 an sinh kh i m iv vi khu n (dtm) .98 DANH M C HÌNH Hình 1.1: Các khu v c tr ng khoai mì Vi t Nam .8 Hình 1.2: B trí chung h th ng x c th i công ty b t mì Tân Châu 11 Hình 1.3: B trí chung h th ng x c th i công ty b t mì Tây Ninh 12 h th ng x c th i công ty b c Long .13 Hình 1.5: Chu k ho ng c a b SBR .20 Hình 1.6: H th ng x c s d ng bùn h t hi u khí t i Hà Lan .22 Hình 1.7: Mơ hình phát tri n h xu t b i Pareboom 23 Hình 1.8: Mơ hình h 24 Hình 1.9: Mơ hình b c .24 Hình 1.10: Mơ hình chuy n v proton kh Hình 1.11: Mơ hình liên k c 25 26 Hình 1.12: S hình thành tan v c a h t 29 Hình 1.13: Vi c u trúc c a h t s d ng glucose (a) vi c u trúc c a h t s d ng acetate (b) .30 Hình 1.14: Ki u dòng ch y b ph n ng c c dòng (a) b ph n ng tu n hoàn h n h p (b) 32 Hình 1.15: So sánh tính k t cc ab m tt c (thanh màu tr ng) v n c dòng b m t khác (thanh t i) 34 Hình 1.16: S tích t c a cation hóa tr bùn h t hi u khí phát tri n th i l ng khác 38 Hình 1.17: Hình nh c a h c t o v i t l F/M t 0,3-1,1 40 Hình 1.18: C u trúc c a bùn ho t tính (A) bùn h t hi u khí (B) 47 v Hình 1.19: trình chuy n k khí hi u khí c u trúc bùn h t hi u khí 48 Hình 2.1: Quy trình chu n b c th i tinh b t mì gi nh 56 Hình 2.2: Mơ hình th c nghi m b SBR 59 Hình 2.3: Quy trình pha lỗng m u 65 Hình 3.1: Bùn gi ng 68 Hình 3.2: M m bùn sau tu n ho Hình 3.3: ng 69 n thích nghi .70 Hình 3.4: S i COD theo th i gian chu k n thích nghi 71 Hình 3.5: Bùn h t sau tu n 72 Hình 3.6: Bùn h t sau tu n 73 Hình 3.7: Bùn h t sau 11 tu n 73 Hình 3.8: Bùn h t sau 14 tu n 74 Hình 3.9: Bùn h t sau 16 tu n 74 Hình 3.10: Bùn h t sau 18 tu n .75 Hình 3.11: MLSS b ph n ng SS dung d gian kh c th i th i ng 77 Hình 3.12: S n hình m t chu trình tr ng thái nh (tu n th c a thí nghi m) 78 Hình 3.13: Quá trình l ng c a h t .79 Hình 3.14: S i t l F/M trình ho ng 80 Hình 3.15: Bùn h t sau 20 tu n .81 Hình 3.16: Hi u su t x lý COD trình ho vi ng 82 Hình 3.17: S Hình i amoni trình ho i nitrit, nitrat trình ho ng 84 ng .85 Hình 3.19: Quan sát bùn h t hi u khí qua kính hi n vi 87 Hình 3.20: Phân b c h t bùn qua t i tr ng 88 Hình 3.21 ch Hình 3.22 i mơ hình SVI ho Hình i t l MLVSS/MLSS b ph n ng 93 Hình i MLSS b ph n ng .94 Hình 3.26: S im c trình v n hành SBR 89 ng 68 ngày 91 vi sinh v t qua t i tr ng 97 vii TĨM T T Tình hình nhi c Vi m t nh ng ngu n gây ô nhi m c n quan tâm xu t tinh b t mì Trong nghiên c u tác gi nghi m d a b khí Nghiên c c th i t ho n hành xây d ng mô hình thí kh o sát s hình thành phát tri n c a bùn h t hi u c th c hi n v ng s c khí l/phút ngu n cacbon t c th i tinh b t mì K t qu thí nghi m cho th y r ng, v i OLR = 5kgCOD/m3.ngày, bùn h t hình thành sau tu n v h t hi u khí t u cho kh 5kgCOD/m3.ngày N t hi ng kho ng 90ng h p thí nghi m bùn có th trì kho ng 7-11 g/l SVI ml/g, s hình thành h t hi u khí SBR v ng t 0,1 30-50 c th i tinh b t mì V n n 3,8 cm/s T i tr kgCOD/m3ngày lên 7,5 kgCOD/m3 kh l ng t c l n 1-2 mm Bùn lý COD t 94% T i tr ng t t c l ng c a bùn h ng s n 2,5 ng c a bùn h t hi u khí sau m t th i gian c h t l n nên gây khó t khu ch tán vào lõi c a h t, làm cho h t b n t K t qu là, l p phá v m vi sinh v t t 8,5×1011 n T l MLVSS/MLSS cao 90-94%, 9,5×1011 u 1,23×1011(CFU/g) viii u so v i bùn ho t M Lý ch U tài [12] 3000 mg/l, nit 70 mg/l BOD 450 mg/l, photpho 14750 mg/l, 17000 mg/l[11], Vi t Nam, ho t tính c th i tinh b t mì ch y u mc ch t r c x lý b ng h th ng bùn ng sinh kh 2kg COD/m3 u cao, t i tr ng x lý th p (0,5 c n ph i tìm nh ng cơng ngh m i v m b o hi u qu v m ng yêu c u v m t kinh t phù h p v Quá trình t o bùn h n, n u ki n th c t c a doanh nghi p c nghiên c u vào nh ng th p niên 1980, t p trung ch y u bùn h t k khí b UASB[81] Cơng ngh t o bùn h nghiên c u r ng rãi kho ng t h bùn h t m c a bùn ho t tính truy n th ng, cn tr ng ch t h c phát tri n [93] Nhi u nghiên c hi u khí có th kh c ph c h u h kh ng v a sinh kh i cao, có kh o, c c, r n ch c, có kh ct i ng th i ch t nitrogen[52, 70, 83, 115] Bùn h t có v n t c l ng l s th tích bùn SVI nh ml/g[102], kh tích c a cơng trình l ng phía sau Ch ng t t s làm gi c t i tr ng h [54], ch c di n n 15 kgCOD/m3.ngày[18] H u h t nghiên c u t o h t hi u khí th gi i Vi t Nam c th c hi c th i t ng h p bao g m glucose, sucrose, axetat, ethanol [2, 5, 31, 106, 107] m t s nghiên c u x ng bùn h t hi u khí c th i th c t [32, 55] Tuy nhiên s hình thành h t hi u khí nh ng ng h p v v i vi c gi àng thi u h t v hi u qu c a h t hi ng ch t h u lo i c th i công nghi i a, khơng có nghiên c u v vi c s d ng h t hi u khí vào x lý m t nh ng ngu n ô nhi m nh t Vi t Nam T nh ng phân tích cho th y vi c th c hi trình t o bùn h t hi iv s c c n thi t; nh m m n tài: u h t c th i tinh b kh o sát s hình thành nh c a h t hi u khí t n h t hi u khí hình thành khoai mì; t bùn 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91.28 5.0 7.65 7.97 1140.00 110.12 90.34 5.0 6.99 8.63 1486.38 139.35 90.62 10 5.0 7.15 8.03 1280.00 80.00 93.75 11 5.0 7.45 8.67 1280.00 72.72 94.32 12 5.0 6.83 8.08 1270.53 84.70 93.33 13 5.0 7.10 8.45 1242.00 98.80 92.05 14 5.0 6.90 8.51 1097.00 82.28 92.49 15 5.0 7.23 8.56 1066.00 66.67 93.75 16 5.0 7.44 8.87 1097.00 96.00 91.25 17 7.5 6.59 7.94 1588.00 160.40 89.99 18 7.5 6.78 7.89 2075.00 116.00 94.41 19 7.5 7.43 8.65 1909.50 101.05 94.71 20 7.5 6.88 8.55 1820.00 115.86 93.63 OLR pHvào pHra 0.6 7.12 2.5 112 Amoni Amoni vào Nitrit vào Nitrit Nitrat Nitrat vào mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 7.50 2.56 65.87 0.08 2.35 2.35 4.67 35.00 5.67 83.80 0.15 6.44 1.54 13.45 28.57 3.75 86.87 0.17 5.34 0.86 11.12 38.08 5.38 85.87 0.14 0.37 0.52 9.90 64.90 5.38 87.83 0.01 12.30 1.01 0.29 64.96 5.18 92.00 0.08 14.20 1.82 1.85 60.48 0.84 98.60 0.14 12.20 1.22 2.85 71.79 5.50 92.34 0.03 8.67 1.58 3.30 58.24 6.44 88.94 0.09 5.56 1.45 2.45 10 75.20 3.12 95.85 0.01 1.50 1.32 1.54 11 51.33 1.75 96.59 0.14 1.65 2.71 3.25 12 56.00 1.09 98.05 0.12 56 1.71 3.32 13 62.49 1.12 98.21 0.07 31 0.12 3.12 14 47.38 1.12 97.64 0.05 1.48 0.93 3.57 15 57.45 2.14 96.27 0.20 1.89 0.63 2.45 16 63.28 2.35 96.29 0.10 1.54 0.15 3.17 17 85.60 12.84 85.00 0.08 4.69 0.12 3.84 18 99.68 12.82 87.14 0.10 3.38 0.35 3.56 19 107.86 13.17 87.79 0.03 4.88 0.11 5.05 20 88.40 9.56 89.19 0.13 3.95 2.57 4.63 113 n SS MLSS MLVSS SVI MLVSS/MLSS F/M 214.00 67.00 0.29 1.38 195.00 71.00 1.21 2.30 1.70 165.00 74.00 1.09 855.00 2.45 1.92 142.86 78.50 1.04 535.00 2.34 1.91 135.00 81.80 1.76 315.00 4.27 3.63 93.67 85.00 1.27 344.00 4.47 3.89 62.60 87.00 1.08 189.00 7.08 6.20 55.08 87.50 0.64 135.00 7.32 6.83 49.18 93.30 0.81 10 118.00 6.35 5.91 63.00 93.08 0.81 11 98.50 7.03 6.59 54.05 93.67 0.73 12 121.00 9.16 8.66 45.85 94.50 0.55 13 115.40 9.88 9.21 40.50 93.20 0.50 14 88.90 9.97 9.35 35.10 93.80 0.44 15 158.00 10.92 10.19 32.05 93.30 0.39 16 177.80 11.15 10.43 44.84 93.53 0.39 17 145.00 11.16 10.43 43.01 93.42 0.57 18 156.00 11.18 10.35 45.64 92.55 0.74 19 223.00 11.24 10.48 44.56 93.23 0.68 20 345.00 11.12 10.27 49.46 92.34 0.65 mg/l g/l g/l ml/g 2457.00 2.10 1.41 2667.00 1.95 1445.00 114 Ph l c Ví d m t s tính toán N u vào S = 1200mg/l, N ng Q = 9,04lít/ngày, Vb = 2,26 lít MLSS = 7500mg/l T i tr ng h OLR Q S V (kgCOD/m3.ngày) 9, 04 1200 10 2, 26 5kgCOD / m3 T l F/M F M Q S Vb MLSS 9, 04 1200 2, 26 7500 0, 64 B Các giá tr COD, N-NH3 t 3200, 120, 18 mg/l c th i v i n H s pha loãng 3200 1200 c th i c n l y COD 1200mg/l 2, 67 30 11, 24l 2, 67 i v i N-NH4+: COD 20 +N N-NH4+ c n b sung +N N-NH4+ sau pha loãng = ng N-NH4+ c n b sung vào ng NH4Cl c n b 60mg / l 120 2, 67 44,94mg / l c th i: sung vào 30 53,5 15, 06 30 1, 73g 14 1000 i v i P-PO42+N P-PO42- c n b sung COD 12mg / l 100 115 c th +N P-PO42- sau pha loãng ng P-PO42- c n b ng KH2PO4 c n b 18 2, 67 6, 74mg / l c th i sung vào 30 136 5, 26 30 0, 69 g 31 1000 116 c th ... c hình thành bùn h t hi c tính c a bùn h t hi u khí mơ hình SBR v c th i tinh b t mì Là nghiên c u kh ng d ng bùn h t hi u khí vào th c t x C u trúc c ng nghiên c u c th i tinh b t mì d a b SBR. .. (A) bùn h t hi u khí (B) 47 v Hình 1.19: trình chuy n k khí hi u khí c u trúc bùn h t hi u khí 48 Hình 2.1: Quy trình chu n b c th i tinh b t mì gi nh 56 Hình 2.2: Mơ hình. .. th i tinh b t mì quy mô công nghi p M c tiêu c th u ki n hình thành nh c a bùn h t hi u khí b SBR c tính c a bùn h t hi u khí Nhi m v nghiên c u i u ki n hình thành nh t i tr ng h nh c a bùn h