Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch26

26 Student: _ Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal True False Gut-brain peptides are secreted by the brain and target the gastrointestinal tract True False Norepinephrine stimulates cravings for carbohydrates, whereas endorphins stimulate cravings for proteins True False Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic fermentation, but the latter is oxygenindependent True False Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to protein True False Both glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of catabolism True False Most body fat in overweight people is stored in the integumentary system True False Consumption of excess calories during adulthood causes adipocytes to multiply True False The most abundant nitrogenous waste in blood is urea, which is produced by the combination of ammonia with carbon dioxide True False 10 The absorptive state lasts about fifteen minutes after a meal True False 11 The absorptive state is regulated mainly by insulin, whereas the postabsorptive state is regulated by multiple hormones True False 12 Mental state does not affect metabolic rate True False 13 When a person is active, most of the body heat is generated in the brain, heart, and endocrine glands True False 14 Hypothermia may be fatal if the core body temperature reaches 37°C or lower True False 15 The heat-promoting center is located in the hypothalamus, which triggers shivering True False 16 are short term regulators of appetite, whereas is a long-term regulator A Insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK); peptide YY (PYY) B Peptide YY (PYY) and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK) C Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin D Leptin and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK) E Leptin and insulin; peptide YY (PYY) 17 Macronutrients include A sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorous B nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins C sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins D carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water E carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water 18 yield about kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas _ yield about kcal/g A Proteins and carbohydrates; fats B Proteins; fats and carbohydrates C Fats; carbohydrates and proteins D Carbohydrates; fats and proteins E Carbohydrates and fats; proteins 19 Most carbohydrates in the body are found in A adipose tissue B muscular tissue C blood D liver E pancreas 20 Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except A glycolipids B glycoproteins C nucleic acids D amino acids E ATP 21 Lipid functions include all of the following except A plasma membrane structure B forming myelin around nerve fibers C chemical structure of hormones D cushioning around soft organs E forming skeletal muscle fibers 22 constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol." A Triglycerides B Chylomicrons C Low-density lipoproteins D High-density lipoproteins E Very-low-density lipoproteins 23 Which is the healthiest ratio? A high HDL: low LDL B high LDL: low HDL C high LDL: low chylomicron D high SFA: low HDL E high chylomicron: low LDL 24 HDL comes from A the diet B the liver C the pancreas D the small intestine E the gallbladder 25 Proteins are associated with all these functions except A muscle contraction B transport of blood lipids C blood viscosity and osmolarity D enzymatic reactions E serving as cofactors for enzymes 26 Most protein in the body is found in A the skeletal system B the muscular system C the cardiovascular system D the integumentary system E the lymphatic system 27 Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen balance? A growing children B pregnant women C weightlifters D patients with muscle atrophy E bodybuilders 28 High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids A globular B fibrous C net D incomplete E complete 29 Vitamin _ deficiency is the most common worldwide A A (retinol) B B6 (pyridoxine) C C (ascorbic acid) D D (calcitriol) E E (α-tocopherol) 30 Minerals are _, whereas vitamins are A micronutrients; macronutrients B water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compounds C inorganic elements; organic compounds D inessential nutrients; essential nutrients E incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients 31 The overall reaction for aerobic respiration is A C H O + H O → CO + O 12 2 B C H O + O → CO + H O 12 2 C C H O + CO → O + H O 12 2 D CO + H O → C H O + O 2 12 E O + H O → C H O + CO 2 12 32 is a product of glycolysis A Glucose B Carbon dioxide C Lactic acid D Pyruvic acid E Acetyl-CoA 33 Which of these processes is essential for all of the rest to happen? A glycolysis B citric acid (Krebs) cycle C lactic acid reduction D electron-transport chain E anaerobic fermentation 34 _ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _ happens in the mitochondrion A The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport B Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation C Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle D Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis E Glycolysis; pyruvic acid reduction 35 Oxygen A transports electrons to the mitochondrion B directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD C directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD D is the only substrate of aerobic respiration E is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration 36 The synthesis of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called A glycogenesis B glycogenolysis C glycolysis D gluconeogenesis E glycogen catabolism 37 is a product of aerobic respiration A Carbon dioxide B Pyruvic acid C Lactic acid D Glucose E Oxygen 38 Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by A glycolysis B the citric acid cycle C anaerobic fermentation D the mitochondrial proton pumps E electron transfer from FADH2 39 Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces _ A 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another B 38; none C 38; D 38; 36 E 38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another 40 Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule? A glucose B pyruvic acid C acetyl-CoA D lactic acid E glycogen 41 The inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein , which harnesses the energy created by H+ flow to produce ATP by a process called _ A enzyme complex; reduction B ATP synthase; oxidation C enzyme complex; proton pumping D ATP synthase; the chemiosmotic mechanism E cytochrome c; reduction 42 Most of body's fat is stored as A LDL B HDL C cholesterol D triglycerides E fatty acids 43 Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called A beta oxidation B ketogenesis C lipogenesis D lipolysis E the fat-sparing effect 44 Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to A triglycerides; new triglycerides B ketone bodies; acidosis C pyruvic acid; acidosis D glycerol; alkalosis E acetyl-CoA; acidosis 45 Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield A ATP B 18 ATP C 36 ATP D 38 ATP E 129 ATP 46 The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the A intestinal mucosa B gastric mucosa C hepatic sinusoids D splenic sinusoids E pancreatic islets 47 The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _ them A digest B deaminate C transaminate D aminate E synthesize 48 The liver performs all of the following functions except A glycogenesis B detoxification C phagocytosis D secretion of digestive enzymes E synthesis of plasma proteins 49 What metabolic process produces ammonia? A beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid B lipolysis C transamination of urea D amination of keto acids E deamination of glutamic acid 50 The liver does not A convert ammonia to urea B carry out most beta oxidation C produce insulin and glucagon D synthesize cholesterol E synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids 51 During the postabsorptive state A blood glucose rises B glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis C lipids are stored in adipose tissue D glucose is stored by glycogenesis E protein synthesis is active 52 During the absorptive state A the principal regulatory hormone is glucagon B blood glucose falls C fatty acids are oxidized for fuel D lipolysis is active E gluconeogenesis is suppressed 53 is secreted during the postabsorptive state A Gastrin B Insulin C Growth hormone D Cholecystokinin (CCK) E Secretin 54 _ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR) A Starvation B Anxiety C Fever D Eating a big meal E Pregnancy 55 The basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person A is sleeping B first rises in the morning C has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal D is in the absorptive state E is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise 56 People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly This is for all the following reasons except A water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose B the initial weight loss is mostly fat C as a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake D the body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight E will power often weakens as the diet progresses 57 Fats should account for about _ percent of the daily caloric intake A B 10 C 30 D 50 E 60 58 Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by A insulin; glucagon and epinephrine B insulin; aldosterone C growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine D growth hormone; cortisol E growth hormone; insulin 59 Only approximately _% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat A 10 B 20 C 40 D 80 E 98 60 During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body A oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves B metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways C must have an adequate fat intake in order to absorb and metabolize proteins D must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats E does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first 61 A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by A evaporation B conduction C convection D radiation E forced convection 62 The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by A radiation B evaporation C nonshivering thermogenesis D shivering thermogenesis E convection 63 The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is A convection B cutaneous vasoconstriction C nonshivering thermogenesis D cutaneous vasodilation E diaphoresis 64 Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of A radiation B conduction C ATP hydrolysis D vasodilation E glycolysis 65 Heat exhaustion results from A extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat B denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue C excessive heat loss from the body D a high rate of conduction and convection E a high humidity that retards evaporative cooling 26 Key Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.a Describe some factors that regulate hunger and satiety Saladin - Chapter 26 #1 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Gut-brain peptides are secreted by the brain and target the gastrointestinal tract FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.a Describe some factors that regulate hunger and satiety Saladin - Chapter 26 #2 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Norepinephrine stimulates cravings for carbohydrates, whereas endorphins stimulate cravings for proteins TRUE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.a Describe some factors that regulate hunger and satiety Saladin - Chapter 26 #3 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic fermentation, but the latter is oxygenindependent TRUE Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 26.02.b Contrast the functions and products of anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration Saladin - Chapter 26 #4 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to protein FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.d Describe the production, function, and use of glycogen Saladin - Chapter 26 #5 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Both glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of catabolism FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.d Describe the production, function, and use of glycogen Saladin - Chapter 26 #6 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Most body fat in overweight people is stored in the integumentary system FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #7 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Consumption of excess calories during adulthood causes adipocytes to multiply FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #8 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism The most abundant nitrogenous waste in blood is urea, which is produced by the combination of ammonia with carbon dioxide TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.b Describe the processes of protein catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #9 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 10 The absorptive state lasts about fifteen minutes after a meal FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.a Define the absorptive and postabsorptive states Saladin - Chapter 26 #10 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 11 The absorptive state is regulated mainly by insulin, whereas the postabsorptive state is regulated by multiple hormones TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.c Describe the hormonal and nervous regulation of each state Saladin - Chapter 26 #11 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 12 Mental state does not affect metabolic rate FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.e Describe some factors that alter the metabolic rate Saladin - Chapter 26 #12 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 13 When a person is active, most of the body heat is generated in the brain, heart, and endocrine glands FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.a Identify the principal sources of body heat Saladin - Chapter 26 #13 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 14 Hypothermia may be fatal if the core body temperature reaches 37°C or lower FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.e Describe conditions in which the body temperature is excessively high or low Saladin - Chapter 26 #14 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 15 The heat-promoting center is located in the hypothalamus, which triggers shivering TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.d Describe how the hypothalamus monitors and controls body temperature Saladin - Chapter 26 #15 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 16 are short term regulators of appetite, whereas is a long-term regulator A Insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK); peptide YY (PYY) B Peptide YY (PYY) and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK) C Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin D Leptin and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK) E Leptin and insulin; peptide YY (PYY) Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.a Describe some factors that regulate hunger and satiety Saladin - Chapter 26 #16 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 17 Macronutrients include A sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorous B nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins C sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins D carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water E carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.b Define nutrient and list the six major categories of nutrients Saladin - Chapter 26 #17 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 18 yield about kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas _ yield about kcal/g A Proteins and carbohydrates; fats B Proteins; fats and carbohydrates C Fats; carbohydrates and proteins D Carbohydrates; fats and proteins E Carbohydrates and fats; proteins Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #18 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 19 Most carbohydrates in the body are found in A adipose tissue B muscular tissue C blood D liver E pancreas Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #19 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 20 Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except A glycolipids B glycoproteins C nucleic acids D amino acids E ATP Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #20 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 21 Lipid functions include all of the following except A plasma membrane structure B forming myelin around nerve fibers C chemical structure of hormones D cushioning around soft organs E forming skeletal muscle fibers Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #21 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 22 constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol." A Triglycerides B Chylomicrons C Low-density lipoproteins D High-density lipoproteins E Very-low-density lipoproteins Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.d Name the blood lipoproteins, state their functions, and describe how they differ from each other Saladin - Chapter 26 #22 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 23 Which is the healthiest ratio? A high HDL: low LDL B high LDL: low HDL C high LDL: low chylomicron D high SFA: low HDL E high chylomicron: low LDL Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.d Name the blood lipoproteins, state their functions, and describe how they differ from each other Saladin - Chapter 26 #23 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 24 HDL comes from A the diet B the liver C the pancreas D the small intestine E the gallbladder Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.d Name the blood lipoproteins, state their functions, and describe how they differ from each other Saladin - Chapter 26 #24 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 25 Proteins are associated with all these functions except A muscle contraction B transport of blood lipids C blood viscosity and osmolarity D enzymatic reactions E serving as cofactors for enzymes Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #25 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 26 Most protein in the body is found in A the skeletal system B the muscular system C the cardiovascular system D the integumentary system E the lymphatic system Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #26 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 27 Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen balance? A growing children B pregnant women C weightlifters D patients with muscle atrophy E bodybuilders Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #27 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 28 High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids A globular B fibrous C net D incomplete E complete Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #28 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 29 Vitamin _ deficiency is the most common worldwide A A (retinol) B B6 (pyridoxine) C C (ascorbic acid) D D (calcitriol) E E (α-tocopherol) Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.e Name the major vitamins and minerals required by the body and the general functions they serve Saladin - Chapter 26 #29 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 30 Minerals are _, whereas vitamins are A micronutrients; macronutrients B water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compounds C inorganic elements; organic compounds D inessential nutrients; essential nutrients E incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.01.e Name the major vitamins and minerals required by the body and the general functions they serve Saladin - Chapter 26 #30 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 31 The overall reaction for aerobic respiration is A C H O + H O → CO + O 12 2 B C H O + O → CO + H O 12 2 C C H O + CO → O + H O 12 2 D CO + H O → C H O + O 2 12 E O + H O → C H O + CO 2 12 Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.02.a Describe the principal reactants and products of each major step in glucose oxidation Saladin - Chapter 26 #31 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 32 is a product of glycolysis A Glucose B Carbon dioxide C Lactic acid D Pyruvic acid E Acetyl-CoA Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.a Describe the principal reactants and products of each major step in glucose oxidation Saladin - Chapter 26 #32 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 33 Which of these processes is essential for all of the rest to happen? A glycolysis B citric acid (Krebs) cycle C lactic acid reduction D electron-transport chain E anaerobic fermentation Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 26.02.a Describe the principal reactants and products of each major step in glucose oxidation Saladin - Chapter 26 #33 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 34 _ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _ happens in the mitochondrion A The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport B Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation C Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle D Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis E Glycolysis; pyruvic acid reduction Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.a Describe the principal reactants and products of each major step in glucose oxidation Saladin - Chapter 26 #34 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 35 Oxygen A transports electrons to the mitochondrion B directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD C directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD D is the only substrate of aerobic respiration E is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.b Contrast the functions and products of anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration Saladin - Chapter 26 #35 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 36 The synthesis of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called A glycogenesis B glycogenolysis C glycolysis D gluconeogenesis E glycogen catabolism Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.d Describe the production, function, and use of glycogen Saladin - Chapter 26 #36 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 37 is a product of aerobic respiration A Carbon dioxide B Pyruvic acid C Lactic acid D Glucose E Oxygen Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.b Contrast the functions and products of anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration Saladin - Chapter 26 #37 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 38 Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by A glycolysis B the citric acid cycle C anaerobic fermentation D the mitochondrial proton pumps E electron transfer from FADH2 Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Saladin - Chapter 26 #38 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 39 Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces _ A 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another B 38; none C 38; D 38; 36 E 38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Saladin - Chapter 26 #39 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 40 Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule? A glucose B pyruvic acid C acetyl-CoA D lactic acid E glycogen Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Saladin - Chapter 26 #40 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 41 The inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein , which harnesses the energy created by H+ flow to produce ATP by a process called _ A enzyme complex; reduction B ATP synthase; oxidation C enzyme complex; proton pumping D ATP synthase; the chemiosmotic mechanism E cytochrome c; reduction Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Saladin - Chapter 26 #41 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 42 Most of body's fat is stored as A LDL B HDL C cholesterol D triglycerides E fatty acids Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #42 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 43 Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called A beta oxidation B ketogenesis C lipogenesis D lipolysis E the fat-sparing effect Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #43 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 44 Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to A triglycerides; new triglycerides B ketone bodies; acidosis C pyruvic acid; acidosis D glycerol; alkalosis E acetyl-CoA; acidosis Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #44 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 45 Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield A ATP B 18 ATP C 36 ATP D 38 ATP E 129 ATP Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #45 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 46 The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the A intestinal mucosa B gastric mucosa C hepatic sinusoids D splenic sinusoids E pancreatic islets Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.b Describe the processes of protein catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #46 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 47 The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _ them A digest B deaminate C transaminate D aminate E synthesize Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.03.b Describe the processes of protein catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #47 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 48 The liver performs all of the following functions except A glycogenesis B detoxification C phagocytosis D secretion of digestive enzymes E synthesis of plasma proteins Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.c Explain the metabolic source of ammonia and how the body disposes of it Saladin - Chapter 26 #48 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 49 What metabolic process produces ammonia? A beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid B C D E lipolysis transamination of urea amination of keto acids deamination of glutamic acid Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.c Explain the metabolic source of ammonia and how the body disposes of it Saladin - Chapter 26 #49 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 50 The liver does not A convert ammonia to urea B carry out most beta oxidation C produce insulin and glucagon D synthesize cholesterol E synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.c Explain the metabolic source of ammonia and how the body disposes of it Saladin - Chapter 26 #50 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 51 During the postabsorptive state A blood glucose rises B glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis C lipids are stored in adipose tissue D glucose is stored by glycogenesis E protein synthesis is active Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.b Explain what happens to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in each of these states Saladin - Chapter 26 #51 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 52 During the absorptive state A the principal regulatory hormone is glucagon B blood glucose falls C fatty acids are oxidized for fuel D lipolysis is active E gluconeogenesis is suppressed Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.b Explain what happens to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in each of these states Saladin - Chapter 26 #52 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 53 is secreted during the postabsorptive state A Gastrin B Insulin C Growth hormone D Cholecystokinin (CCK) E Secretin Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.c Describe the hormonal and nervous regulation of each state Saladin - Chapter 26 #53 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 54 _ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR) A Starvation B Anxiety C Fever D Eating a big meal E Pregnancy Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.e Describe some factors that alter the metabolic rate Saladin - Chapter 26 #54 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 55 The basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person A is sleeping B first rises in the morning C has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal D is in the absorptive state E is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.d Define metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate Saladin - Chapter 26 #55 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 56 People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly This is for all the following reasons except A water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose B the initial weight loss is mostly fat C as a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake D the body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight E will power often weakens as the diet progresses Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.e Describe some factors that alter the metabolic rate Saladin - Chapter 26 #56 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 57 Fats should account for about _ percent of the daily caloric intake A B 10 C 30 D 50 E 60 Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Saladin - Chapter 26 #57 Section: 26.03 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 58 Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by A insulin; glucagon and epinephrine B insulin; aldosterone C growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine D growth hormone; cortisol E growth hormone; insulin Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.c Describe the hormonal and nervous regulation of each state Saladin - Chapter 26 #58 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 59 Only approximately _% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat A 10 B 20 C 40 D 80 E 98 Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Saladin - Chapter 26 #59 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 60 During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body A oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves B metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways C must have an adequate fat intake in order to absorb and metabolize proteins D must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats E does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.04.e Describe some factors that alter the metabolic rate Saladin - Chapter 26 #60 Section: 26.04 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 61 A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by A evaporation B conduction C convection D radiation E forced convection Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.c Define and contrast the different forms of heat loss Saladin - Chapter 26 #61 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 62 The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by A radiation B evaporation C nonshivering thermogenesis D shivering thermogenesis E convection Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.c Define and contrast the different forms of heat loss Saladin - Chapter 26 #62 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 63 The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is A convection B cutaneous vasoconstriction C nonshivering thermogenesis D cutaneous vasodilation E diaphoresis Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.c Define and contrast the different forms of heat loss Saladin - Chapter 26 #63 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 64 Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of A radiation B conduction C ATP hydrolysis D vasodilation E glycolysis Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.05.d Describe how the hypothalamus monitors and controls body temperature Saladin - Chapter 26 #64 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 65 Heat exhaustion results from A extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat B denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue C excessive heat loss from the body D a high rate of conduction and convection E a high humidity that retards evaporative cooling Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.e Describe conditions in which the body temperature is excessively high or low Saladin - Chapter 26 #65 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 26 Summary Category # of Questions Blooms Level: Remember 28 Blooms Level: Understand Blooms Level: Apply 32 Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 26.01.a Describe some factors that regulate hunger and satiety Learning Outcome: 26.01.b Define nutrient and list the six major categories of nutrients Learning Outcome: 26.01.c State the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and so me major dietary sources of each Learning Outcome: 26.01.d Name the blood lipoproteins, state their functions, and describe how they differ from each other Learning Outcome: 26.01.e Name the major vitamins and minerals required by the body and the general functions they serve Learning Outcome: 26.02.a Describe the principal reactants and products of each major step in glucose oxidation Learning Outcome: 26.02.b Contrast the functions and products of anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration Learning Outcome: 26.02.c Explain where and how cells produce ATP Learning Outcome: 26.02.d Describe the production, function, and use of glycogen Learning Outcome: 26.03.a Describe the processes of lipid catabolism and anabolism Learning Outcome: 26.03.b Describe the processes of protein catabolism and anabolism Learning Outcome: 26.03.c Explain the metabolic source of ammonia and how the body disposes of it Learning Outcome: 26.04.a Define the absorptive and postabsorptive states Learning Outcome: 26.04.b Explain what happens to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in each of these states Learning Outcome: 26.04.c Describe the hormonal and nervous regulation of each state Learning Outcome: 26.04.d Define metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate Learning Outcome: 26.04.e Describe some factors that alter the metabolic rate Learning Outcome: 26.05.a Identify the principal sources of body heat Learning Outcome: 26.05.c Define and contrast the different forms of heat loss Learning Outcome: 26.05.d Describe how the hypothalamus monitors and controls body temperature Learning Outcome: 26.05.e Describe conditions in which the body temperature is excessively high or low Saladin - Chapter 26 65 Section: 26.01 18 Section: 26.02 15 Section: 26.03 13 Section: 26.04 11 Section: 26.05 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism 65 ... Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 26.02.b Contrast the functions and products of anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration Saladin - Chapter 26 #4 Section: 26.02 Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism... Nutrition and Metabolism Both glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of catabolism FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 26.02.d Describe the production, function, and use of glycogen Saladin. .. the function of each class of macronutrients, the approximate amounts required in the diet, and some major dietary sources of each Saladin - Chapter 26 #19 Section: 26.01 Topic: Nutrition and