CAC CONG TODA DUQC HOW TQ TRU ONCi DAI HIJC GIAO THONG VAN TAI LENHUNAM NGAC1I 14If G DAN KHOA HQC 1: PGS.TS Tran Tuan Hi(p 2: GS.TS Bui Xuiiii Cay NGHIEN CN GA PMCHONG CA’I' CRY TRONG BY D1,11'1G CONG TRINH DEICING O TO TJ KHU KINH TE NGHI SON TINH THANH HOA Ph:in bie)n 1: GS.TS Vu Dinh Ph g Ph:in bi(n 2: GS.TS PQ Cao Thiing Ph:in bi(n 3: PGS.TSKH Nguyen Viin C(an Chuyén nganh: xay ditng duong f tfi va deicing Ma so: 62.58.02.05.01 Vao gici Co thé tin hiéu In n én tai Thu: vie:n tFvéing Dat hpc Gran thcing MCf DAU thong tuéing cii, tubing vay, cpc baret, coc dat-xi rn g, bentonite ; Phun phut viia (Jet grounding); Bonn hut nuoc ID kho ho mong Nhurig giai phap néu trén yéu cau cong nghe thi cfing phiic tap, nhiéu su co, tai dau In thiét bi dat tién, thuérig chi ap d g thich hpp cho ho mong n bién, pha hoai khfin luéng cho nén mong cfing trinh v qu:i trinh x:iy d fig va khai th:ic a Vi(t Nam la ino? t qufic gia co bet bien dat hon 3000 km, h co i r viing chau thfi v:i duyén h:ii kéo i d i duqc trdm tich, bfii tu tao h th:inh vcri cac tiing ciit tich, nucic rig in heat d(ong Hoat i dong dia a hiic i i h phfi bién ci hau khap viirig duyén hai ca nucic Vimg duyén hai Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa co dién tich 18.611 ha, trai dai hon 10km bcr bién, dang dupe dau tit xay d g cc sci téng phuc vu cho khu kinh té Nghi Son; trpng t§m lfi Loc hfia dau, Nhiei di(n, Co ché tao m i n h h q a c é t c h a y S o Trong qu:i trinh x$y d g cc scr téng ky thua(t cfia khu kinh Ie Nghi Son, Thanh Hfia; xoi nyém, cat chay da g3y khfing it kho khan cho xay d g nén mong duéng fi to nhu khu tiii dinh en Xu n Lém Nguyén Binh, duéng 513, da ap d g nhiéu bi(n C:it chay — xoi ng in xay bién ci khhp mpi not trén the chuc km véti di n tich fin, chieu situ han ché pham vi tu: fin — in thi nhiirig gift phép trén thiictng khcing thich h vé quct tern kém, "n n hién phu gia chong thtim, nhién d“ung nhiing v‹it lii:u phu Van de %t lit: phiii t i m d u p e g i : i i p h : i p h p p l y , k i n h t e , p h u h p p v ‹ i n i i n g l t t e t h i é t b i t r o n g n u c r c, ta(n dung vat lieu dia phitong dieu kién Vi t Nam; trucic mat nh phuc vu thiét thuc cho xay d g du rig fi to thuoc khu kinh Ie Nghi Son va viing duyen h i Thanh Hoa? Tu nhurig phén tich nhu v:iy, IQ :in voi de“ Hi: “Nghién city giai phcip chong ecu chéy xciy du:rig cong trinh ‹wing; ci t‹5 t‹ii khu kinh té Nghi Son tinh Thanh Hoci ” la nham giai quyét mo( t van de khoa hpc, thuc tien cap thiét su nghiép cfing nghiép ho:u hi(n dai hoa cc s‹ tiing giao thong viin tiii M;;c tiéa nghién chin Két hpp ly thuyét va thuc nghiém nhdm de xuat dvpc giai ph:ip hpp ly vii su dung c:ic vat leu phu gia chong cat chay x3y d;;ng nén mong cong trinh duping fi tfi khu vpc Nghi son, Thanh Hfia Dot twpug vfi pham vi nghién emu Dcii tirpng nghién elm: Nghien clit giai phap chong c:it chfiy xay d g cong trinh duping o tfi Pham vi nghién cthi: Khu kinh té Nghi Son, tinh Thanh Hfia Y nghia khoa hoc va th;yc tien a ddee Hi nghién emu Ng hié n el m cii a1 én cat va hoat dong c:it chay vilng duyén h:ii Night Son Két qua nghién ciiu cfia lua)n in pop phén ID phong phti hon “ Vén toe thém ciia n u:etc du:éi dcit ti lé vcti ccin béc in ciia gradien thiiy lii:c ” cac gi;ii phap cfing ngh( chfing cat chay xay dung ne“ n mong “ to thich hpp cho viirig kinh tc: Nghi Son va co the tham khao Up dung cho cac viing 1.3 Tong quan ve c:it chiiy xay djyng cling trinh viing Nhiing gi:ii phap dupc 1ua)n an de xu3t trén cc st ting d g vat liéu phu gia dia phuong ré tien co hi(u qua chong tham tot se co y duyén hai 1.3.1- Tfing quan vé c:it chay C:it ch:iy la in(ot hien tupng ‹iia chfit cong trinh diroc biéu hi(n bcii dong b cat chay vao hfi mong duoi t:ie d g cfia :ip ltrc thiiy dong Két qu:i lam cho ho mong b) bién dang, c:ic cfing nghia cao ve trinh ci gan ho mong thuc se khong on dinh: bi tié'nn lun ho)ac niit mong, giup tiét ki in Nircic ngani la loai chi phi xfiy d;;ng, day niiéic trpng lrrc ducii nhanh tien thi cong dat tang chira cfing trinh nucic thu nh3t ké tit Chirong 1: TONG trén xuong Phia trén QUAN VE VAN DE ting nuéic ngém NGHIEN CPSU thuéirig khfing co 16p c:ich nuoc che phu va 1.1 Kh:ii qu:it chung nuc c trpng luong ve c:it bién va nirfrc rig in 1.1.1.Kh:i i qn:it chung vé c:it bién Cat bién la 1oai dat co ngufin goc trdm tich, diipc tao thénh tu c:ie sén phém cua qua trinh phii huy cac loai dét da thénh taoy tit trucic do; két qua tich tu va bién dfii tiép theo ciia c:ic triim ’c cc hpc 1.1.2.Heat dgng ciia nirérc ngani khong chiém tot bo be day ciia dat dé tham nufic, nén be m)at ciia nufic ngani la mot m)at t1io:ing tu 1.2 Co sir IIy tthhuuyeett ve ddiiming ttlhiffiimm 1.2.1 Tham dat dirt da dupc gpi la qu:i trinh tham Tham moi truéng dat da phu thufic v:to kich thircic ciic 1o rong, khe ri "ut, hinh dang, sit lién h( giiia chfing viii va dupe da(c trung bet van toe khii be 1.2.2 DJnh In at tham tuyén tinh, (dJnh lu t Darcy) = « " 'L F I ( £ 1.2.3 D]nh lu Jt th fim phi tuyen C:it chay la hi(n tupng g;iy kho khan qu:i trinh thi cfing hfi mong, cfing trinh ngiim, gay in:it on dinh in:ii dfic, khoi truqt tain mat on dinh va gay bién dang c:ic cfing trinh lan can; tang khfii lupng déo dat, tilng thcii gian thi cfing v:i tang chi p i giai phap ky thuat (Hinh 1.9.) 1.3.2 Siy cc cong trinh c:it chfiy trén the giéri, Vi(t Nam — Cét chéy géy sat lé, sit liin her méng cc›ng trinh khai dao nhu:.‘ cii:a, can ccing, nén ‹ining, — Cat chay gciy bién dang triipt, trot, liin, tham chi sup d‹5 ccing trinh thi ccing, khai tht:ie sa mp c létn, gio lcic xoéy 1.3.3 Nhfmg s;y cc cling trinb I viing c:it chay Nghi Son Sq cc thi cc›ng ccing frinh dving vao nha may giciy khu “’ri dvéng dang “ tron thi 2/ Céng trinh du:ing Déng Tay 2, KKT Nghi Son, sq cé thi cc›ng KKT Nghi Son in“ua mica, lii n0m 2013 huy n Tinh Gia — KKT Nghi her Thung Cert vh Khe Tr u 1.4 C:ie nghién emu trén the gi6i, niréic vé c:it chfiy va gifii ph:i p chfing c:it chfiy 1.4.1 C:ie nghien emu ve c:it chay trén the giiii C:it ch:iy la hi(n tupng dia chat r3t phrrc tap, phfi bien; vi vay c:ie nha khoa hpc va x:iy d rig the giéi da nghie“n ctiu ve hién tupng néy tit rat skin va théi gran d i; nhiéu the ky, nguéii phdi gian nan chfing chpi véii hién tiiong tu nhién phfrc tap dfi Ly thuyét thém dirt va cfc nghién erm dii mini sang to cc ché hoat dpng cua c:it chay; tit ngii i ta da nghién ct c:ic giai ph:ip ky thuat dé chfing gifr ho mong, born hfit nuc›c, co két dat, ngén chiin hoat do( ng c0a nuoc ngém 1.4.2 C:ie nghién cfru ve c:it chfiy Nr Viet Nam Ci Viét Nam, c:it chiiy cling da dirpc de“ cap den cac giao - Ciic dé t:ii nghién ciiu giai ph:ip chong c:it ch:iy mcii chfi yéu tap trung nghien cii:u chong tham cho cac cfing trinh Thiiy lpi, dan dung; linh vpc ro( ng 1én nhu xay dimg duéng fi tfi, chua dupc quan té chti y' nhieu , - Khi x:1y dimg nén mong cong trinh ’a khu c cé› c:it chay, nhin chung ngiiéi ta thiiéng :ip d g c:ic nhom gi:ii phap cfing nghe chinh: 1) Tri(t tiéu dong ngém (thdo khfi), thap MNN (giéng don ho)ac da giéng ) 2) Chiin dong ngéim (tirérng vay, dong bring, jet grouting .) 3) H; i ché kha niing hoat dong ciia dong thém b rig c:ich t:ic dong v:to c:i hat yéu to/ dieu ki(n g3y cat chay két hpp born hut nu‹ c kho ho mong Nhom giiii phap 1) va 2) doi hfii diiu tu thiét bi rat dat tien, thi cong trinh co dién tich khfing léin, hfi mong va téng nucrc ngém ph:ip chong cat ch:iy xay ding nen mong du rig cach cho tham nhap cac vat li(u phu gia trinh cc hoc d3t Tuy phuon nhu b(o t set, nhién, cac t:ii 1i(u g hodc xi mdng, chi li‹:I ké, mang tinh khu betonnite d)nh vrtc phq c nghién elm thig dung tinh Cac nghién clit chong th de, %p cu the vé giai phép c:ic cfing trinh chfing c:it chay chira thuy lpi nhiéu, chu yeu 1.4.3 Nhfrng van dé erm ton t9i vii hirémg nghién céu Nhfrug van dé ton t;ji thuy tinh long ) van ting cat chdy qua hao chfing tham Bang thiic nghi(m, 1ua)n :in tap trung nghién cthi hieu qu:i chong tham cua c:ic vat lieu phu gia khac nhau, to hpp phoi tron i a h p p l c a c t y I e h é m l u p n g k h ii c n h a u n h ti m y n h a t 1.5 M;;c tiéu cfia de tiii Nghién erm lua chpn mot so loai v(at li(u phu gia ' co, ré tién tren dia bén, thiim nhfip vao 16p c:it ch;iy Nghi Son; lém h:jn ché ho(ac bit d:in cac lo rong giiia c:ie hat cat ting c:it ch;iy, dong théi thay dfii thuoc tinh cfia dong nuoc ngani; lém thay dot trang thai cfia cat chay v:i gi:ring va(n toe thém cua niri c ngani t g eg:it ch:iy, nham han ché ho)ac ngiin cha)n cét chay xay d g nc:n mong cfing trinh duéng o tfi cr Nghi Son Giiii ph:ip dupc de xuat vay se dat hic:u qu:i cao cii ve kinh té v:i ky thuat, gcip phiin lém bén vuiig va giém chi phi xay d g cfing Huh 1.6 Noi dung, ket qua nghién cfru mong phong va hi(n tririmg - Nghién cite cau tao dia chdt va chi tiéu cc ly cat bién va hoat dong nuéc ngiim viing ven bién Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa; - Nghién ciiu thiet ké, ché tao thiét bi thdm phiic hpp (CEPM) va th;rc ri hiém trorig phong x:ic d›iih vat lieu phu gi a_ (VLPG) hpp l chfing ciit chay xay d g cong trinh ci Nghi Son; - Nghién c u thiét ké mo hinh, xay dijng h( thong thiét bi va thiic nghi‹:in hen trirérig xac dinh VLPG chfing tham khu viic Nghi Son, diinh gia két qua thitc nghiem phong va hi(n 2.1.2 Khan s:it dieu ki(n d;ia chat viing duyén hai Nghi Son So lupng man khoan LK x 15 in/LK = 60 in Hinh Thiét bi khoan ver mciu thi nghic:in Céu tao,phan ehia d]a tanp= k:he vge light Son Tir ket qua khoan khao s:it, két qua thi nghiém mau tai phfing thi nghi(m, vat cac tai 1i(u tham khao c:ic drr :in khu vuc; cau truc dia chat, dia tang khu virc dong bang duyén h:ii Nghi Son dupe the hien tar hinh - D:inh gi:i hi(u qu:i v:i ring d g ciic vat li(u phu gia chong cat ch:iy xay d g duéng o to khu c Nghi Son 1.7.Phwonq• phiip nghién emu - Phuong phap thong ké tong hpp - Phuong ph:ip thuc nghiem - Ph:in tich, chtlrig Chirong 2: NGHIEN CN DCTV VA TH( C NGHIEM FC DJNH HE SO THAM CUA CAT CHAY NGHI SON 2.1 Nghién cfru dJa chat khu v; c Nghi Son, Thanh Hfia 2.1.1 Dieu ki(n t;y nhién khu v;yc Nghi Sun Khu kinh té Nghi Son nam éi phia nam cfia tinh Thanh Hfia, co di(n tich tir nhién giai dog la 18.611 60% dién tich la dong bang ven bie“n, chay déi trén 12km be bién Hinh 2.4 Hinh tru khoan 2.3 X:ie dJnh cir che va ph:inn vi hoat dong cfia c:it chiiy Nghi Son Tu két qu:i khiio sét cho thay: - Cat chfiy Nghi Son xay ci 1ép 2, 1ép co c:iu tao cat hat nhfi, hat but, mau x:inn véng, x:inn den, xiim xanh co lan khoéng ».5% kho:ing set va huu cc, vfi ngao, vo so trang th:ii rem chiiy, no nucic; do 1ép dat la cat chay that Quan sat dong tham sau mau thi nghi(m, ta thay dong tham sau mau thi nghi(m, co vén duc; c6c hat bui va hat cat theo dong thiim chay hien tupng c:it chay Ch wong 3: NGHIEN CN TH C NGHIEM TRONG PHONG XAC DJNH VLPG HQP LY CHONG CAT CHAY 3.1 Yéu edu va nfii dung nghién elm thq:c nghi(rii - X:ie dinh moi quan gifia kp(,) véii c:ic mau thuc nghi‹:in (i) thay dfii hém liipng, ti IQ pha trfin cfia c:ie thénh phén vat lieu VLPG chong tham va mau c:it nguyén tr g; Vft lieu phu gia nao VLPG chong tham, chong ciit chay tot nhat ve m)at ky thuat - H:inn luprig nucic dung hpp [BS-N] hpp 1y nhat la 32% (cho két qua kg, nho nhat); dung hpp hpp ly la [68%BS+32%N] Sau 144h, he BS kho, va giém 1561 ID so véii k o ctia c:it nguyen trg - Quan he giua kth l ×a khoi lupng BS dung hpp co h( h so tuong quan la: y - 10“.x ' "" (3 1) - Hém luorig BEN dung hop [BEN + I %N] cang tiing Moi quan he gifia k‹h2 •:i hém lupng BEN dung hpp [BENN] guan: 3.2 Nghién elm dun x:ie diih ham e firi.ng hpp ly cfia xac din VLPG BS h the o hii m y4.10".x- sau 144h - Khi VLPG BS thém nhap vao cat chay thi VLPG da k)p tham s3u vao c:it, phat huy I:ic dung v:i dfi kth gif dan Hi “ th' 12 “ th in dimg 1253 lan so vcii @ - Hém lupng nuoc hpp IQ dung hpp [XM-N] la 26% Msg véi thrrc nghi(m cho thay kin nhfi nhat Dung hop [74%XM+2fi %N] sau 144lt, cho thfiy h lan so véi str dung mau XM kho - H( so thiim kp giém kh:i nhanh dung hpp [74%XM+26%N] theo hém 3.5 Nghien ciru x:ie djnh hiim lirpug hqp PG ABS-XM] - Két q th1 ngh(m cho thay: hfin hpp vat lieu phu gia [BS- “ tuong quan: hc“inn h [52ºX»BS+20ºX« XM+28º N] thénh phan hpp IQ it dung hpp cho kha nilng chong cat Tyc la dung hpp [55’XoXM+I 7º BEN+28ºXoN] cho két qué sé th in nhci nh I, hic:u quci ch ng th in I I nh t V6i dung h9p oén, két qu:i th;ic nghi(m sau 144h, he so tham gi:inn 35 fin so véi sir d;tng man BS-XM khfi, va grim =6357 so véi in:iu cat nguyén tr g km3.7 Nghien ctru xiic djmh hiim lir9ng hpp ly c:ie v§t li(u phu gia hon hqp [BS-BEN] - Két qu:i thi nghi(m cho thay: H:inn luprig nu‹5c hpp ly dung hpp {[70%BS-30%BEN]+N}1:i 28% N; - Nhir vay le hém liipng hpp ly cua BS, BEN va nu6c nong dung hpp vat li(u php gia la: [48%BS+21%BEN+31%»N]; dung hpp [48%BS+21%BEN+31%N]; sau 144h thuc nghiém, he gi:inn -8 lan so v6i su d9ng mau BS-BEN kho, va giém "3423 lan so v6i k m ctia c:it nguyén tr g, 3.8 Nghién emit x:it d:inh hitm lupng hpp ly VLPG TTL - Khi cho TTL v:to mau thi nghi(m, h( so thfim k+4 giém so v6i h( so thiim cat ½ nhiéu km: 0.0089-0.000017=523 l;in - Lupng TTL c:ing 1‹5n, céng giém h( Lupng nuéic thu duoc ciia quit trinh tham ban diiu hot duc; sau dfi nong, - Quan h( giiia kp7 va hém lu9ng TTL theo hiim tham, chong cat ch:iy De tiing tinh hiéu qu:i chong tham ciia vat li(u phu gia, co they trfin lan cac loai vat lieu php gia v6i theo ty I( nh3t di.nh dong théi de tiing hi(u qu:i thiim nhap, ta cho nuoc vao hon hpp I:ji tli6nh dung hpp điig ho vua C:ie v(at 1i(u phu gia la Bot set, (BS) Bentonite, (BEN), Xi (XM), Thiiy tinh long, (TTL) la cac vat li(u dia phuong, co ngufin cung doi dao, gi:i th nh re Cfc v:it 1i(u phu gia co the ducrc st dvng o d:Eng fen e t hoéc hon hpp pha tron cac vat lieu véi 1( hém liiong khiic Kfit quit nghién ci u thuc nghi(m dd cho thay hi(u quit chéing tham (chf›ng c:it ch:iy) cao ciia c:ie loai vat 1i(u php gia BS, BEN, XM va hon hpp cac vat li(u phq gia BS- BEN, BS-XM, XM-BEN • Cac lo:u vat li(u phq gia BS, BEN, XM va hon hpp c:ie vat li(u phu gia BS-BEN, BS-XM, XM-BEN, can thiét phai cho vao nuoc vao hon hpp de tao dieu kien cho VLPG de“ déng thém nhap vao ting cat ch:iy; • Bling nghién cthi thuc nghi(m, ‹liI xac dinh dupc hém liipng nircic hpp 1y céc dung hpp cac v(at 1i(u php gia de cho 13 hi(u qu:i chong tham, (chong c6t chay) cao nhat • Chuong da nghién ciiu thqc nghi(m to hpp vat 1i(u phu gia chong c:it ch:iy Da x:ic dinh dupc 1( h:inn luprig hpp 1y ciia c:ie v(at li(u th:inh p ch:iy nho nhat) — c:it ch:iy, (cac to hpp cho 14 Tti hpp c6c v§t li(u ph gia hqply H(so tham Xép theo 14-4h, k„ , , mm/s giiim h( sfi tha in TT (Y6i tj I( hum lu9ng h9p ly' c3c theo TN sau hi(u quit lfi m v(t li(u thiinh phan ) [69 % BEN + I %N] [55% XM + 17% B£N + 28ºZ£ N] ' [48% BS + 21%« BEN + 31% N] [52% BS + 20%XM + 28% N] (68% BS + 52% N] 0,85 0, 16 10“ 0,28 0" 0,30 ' 0,57 0” [74% XM + 26% N] 0,7 1.1 0” [ 100%TTL] CJt Nghi So thu@ ting cfit chiiy 0, 17 10’“ 0,89.I 0“- (hi(u qu:i KT) 2m v:i c:ich phuong dilrig va phirong ngang kho:ing 0,3m; Chuoilg 4: NGHIEN CU4.I TH ¶ C NGHI ,EM Hl 5N TRU‘©NG XAC SO ngém THAM (chiéu CUA CAT CHOtrong THAMqua NHAP VAO TANG !NH HQ de theo dot mpc niicic caoKHI ap luc) trinh thuc nghi(m H( thong thiét bi duoc xay dijng trén m a(t bdng khu vuc xa Xiiiin Lim, Nguyen Binh, Khu kinh CAT CHAY CAC TO HQP VAT LIE U PH I,I G IA KHAC NHAU 4.3 X3y dlyng ho thiyc ngbi(m va tien hiinh th 'c nghi(m chirong 3) d:iy kho g 10-12cm big be tong cft thép, rrifc 250; duéi nén Not dung thpc d t nhién sau kho:ing 2,8m Lap da(t cac ong th1 nghi(m chic:u dai fn, duéng kinh 10cm giéng thuc nghiém, lap d(at phu ki(n thi nghiém phu gia vie te:rig cat chiiy throng cat nguyén g: - Khong sff dpng VLPG - TN véii ciit chay nguyén tr g, @ - To hpp VLPG 1: [69 % BEN + 31%N]; xac d(nh k, - To hpp VLPG 2: [55% XM 17% BEN 28% N]; XD k,h2 - To hpp VLPG 3: [52% BS + 20%XM + 28% N]; XD k,hJ - To hpp VLPG 4: [68% BS + 32% N] ; x:ic dinh k z + Lap dat ong thi nghi(m, bo tri VLPG chong thém, xéc dinh luu luprig niicic tham va h( so tham tirong ting theo d(nh luat Darcy 4.2 Thiét l(p mfi hinh th;yc nghi(m hi(n tririmg d’ 16 4.4.Ket quit thjyc nghi(m 4.4.1.Két qua x:ic d)nh h( sfi th$m cfia cat nguyén trang: - He so tham cua cat tu nhiéu: k o - 0,95.10 ' mm/s - Sai khac so véi két qua th1 nghi‹:in phfing: - + 6,7% - Lupng nucrc thu dupc sau qu:i trinh thém co van due, man vang, hien tuprig cac hat cat min, bui, to lfmg dong th:inn sinh cat chay 4.4.2 Két qua x:ie d(inh h( so tham cfia c:it chfiy kbi bJ th$m nhJp b6i tfi hpp vat li(u I: [6'9 % BEN + I %N), k, , - Két qu:i kg gi:inn so vtii h( so tham c:it nhiéu - 5958 lan; va sai so so véi két qu:i thi nghipm phong - + 14% - Lupng nuoc thu duoc sau qua trinh thém rat trong; khfing dau hi(u c:ie hat cat m)n, bpi to fling gay viin duc 4.4.4 Ket quit x:ic d)nh he so tham cfia c:it chiiy bi thfim nh§p bfri th hip VL 3, [52% BS + 20%XM + 28% N], k,» O.O 4.4.5 Ket x:ie d;in h h( sd tham cfia c:it b) tham nhJp dau hi(u gay van duc cac hat cat min, bui In 4.4.3 Ket qufi x:ie dJnh h( nhap bmi tfi hpp VL 2: [55%XM+I 7%BEN+28%N], k h2 tfifi i giiiri li Hinh 11 Bién lhién ciia k,j„• lheo ihéi gian - Khi std d g VLPG [55% XM + 17% BEN + 28% N] th in in rot on d(nh; lirpng nucc thu ducic nén don v( théi gian cua q tinh tham gi in u nhiéu so véi a khfing su dung vat ) lipu c h o n g t h é m ; 1462 1én, sai kh:ic so véi thi nghi(m phong +14% - Lupng niic›c thu dupc sau qu:i trinh tham rat trong; khfing diiu hl(u c:ie hat c:it ruin, bpi lo fling géy vén duc, ch rig to cat chay da bi ngimg 4.5 Phfin tich hi(u qufi kinh té sir dung c:ie th hpp v(at li(ii phu gia chong c:it chay kh:ie Trén cci séi két qu:i nghién edu, lu(an tin da x:ie dinh dupe 18 VLPG phu hpp giai quyét bai toiin chong cat chay tai KKT Nghi Son, bao gfirn: - Vat liéu phu gia I : [69 % BEN 31%N] - Vat lieu phu gia 2: [55% XM + 17% BEN + 28% N] - Vat lieu phu gia 3: [48% BS + 21% BEN I % N] - Vat lieu phu gia 4: [52% BS + 20%XM + 28% N] - Vat li(u php gia 5: [68% BS + 32% N] - Vat lieu phu gia 6: [74% XM + 26% N] Tuy nhién, VLPG [74% XM 26% N] cé› gi:i tuong dfii dat hon so véi loai c6n lai Qua ph n tich kinh te thay riing: vat li‹:u phu gia Bentonite, bfit set v:i xi miing déu co hiéu quit kinh Ie tot De ciuig dat t6i mot he: so tham yéu ciiu thi vat lieu phu gia bentonite cho thiiy hi‹:u qu:i 1:inh té cao nhfit, nhimg néu xét ve tinh de cung ting, gia thiinh re, dé thi cong thi vat lieu bot set, xi méng co tinh c h lranh rat cao Do diéu ki(n h ché, lua( n an chua thé nghien ctiu sau ve cfing ngh( “H:to chfing tham”; tuorig lai, ciin tiép tuc nghién erm thiic té hien tuning, v6i diéu ki(n dia chat thiiy viin cu the; dfi thupc két qu:i phan tich nhiéu yéu tfi in:i co the lita chpn phiiong :in thich hpp so 1o¼ to hpp vat lieu da néu ci chuong 4.6 D)nh hir6ng cf›ng ngh( xfiy d;yng cling trinh dirimg I:i t6 khu v;yc Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa 4.6.I Dac diem xiiy d;yiig nen miing dirfriig ii téi fr Nghi Son Hirih l4 Hinh anh cét chéy vho he› déo nén méng dué'ng é Ie› cr Nghi Son 19 - Kh:ic véi cite cfing trinh diiri d g, mong du:kg o tfi tliirérig trai dai h g chuc, tha( m chi héng triim kind; vi vay khfing thé ap dung cite giai phap cong nghe phiic tap, dat tien nhir tuéng vay, cpc chan, jet grouting - Mong duéng fi to thu rig co chiéu sau ché tu fin den in, vay giai phap xay d g hao chong dong tham bang each cho vat lieu phu gia viio hao, duéi tip lcrc cua dong thdm, viit liéu phu gia sC th in nhap vao ciit chiiy liim h ché khfi nilng hoat dong ciia dong tham bdng cach tac do( ng véo ca hat yéu to/ dieu kien gay cat ch:iy két hpp born hiit niicc in kho ho mong - Viing ven bién Nghi Son co dia hinh kha bang phang, tiing dieu ki(n bo tri cite h:to chong tham th lpi 4.6.2 Gifii ph:ip d)nh hiréng chong c:it chiiy bllng Hao cha(n dimg ngani (Him chong tham) - Khi xay d g nén mong cong trinh ci khu vpc co cat chiiy, 1) Triét tiéu dong ngani (thiio khfi), thap mrrc nucic ngani cfing phtrc tap, thuérig dupe ép dung cho thi cfing c:ic ho mong cong trinh co di(n tich khfing lén, ho mong va tang nu‹ c ngani (VLPG) lém thay doi thuoc tinh cc 1y cua c6t ngani vfi dong 20 h ché dupe ciit chiiy, tao dieu kien cho hfit khii nuoc va thi cong mong th lpi - Hi(n cfing ngh( hao chan dong ngani hau nhu chua dupe l ve dinh huérig cfing ngh( héo chong c:it ch:iy, liim cc so cho c:ic phat trién nghien chin tiép tpc So hao chong ciit chay x3y dijrig nén mong du rig fi to o khu vpc Nghi Son dupc the hi(n é hinh 4.15 M$t dat TN 4.7 Nh§n xét, ket 1ua"n chwong To hpp cac vat 1i(u phu gia chong tham hpp 1y co hi(u qu:i can ch:iy) dii ducrc gift thi(u o chuong Qua phén tich kinh té th;iy réng: vat lieu phu gia Bentonite, b(ot mdng den c‹i hi(u quit kinh Ie t t Dé cfuig dat t‹ii mot h( yeu cau thi vat li(u phu gia bentonite cho th:iy hiéu qu:i kinh té cao nhat, nhung néu xét ve tinh dé cung thig, gia thénh re, de thi cong thi vft li(u b(ot sét, xi c tranh rat cao Lbp cét ch - Nghien ctiu tong quan ve c:it chiiy;bao gom ly thuyet tham, cat ch:iy gfiy Hlnh 4.15 So dc› MCN hero VLPC1 chong cat ch‹:iy déi very’ ho mérig cong trinh quit trinh x3y ding khai thac cfing trinh: cac nghién cttu ly thuyét va cac giai ph:ip thrrc té chong c:it chay nucic va trén the gi6i quyét “ chong ciit chay Kay d e d g nén rné›ng duémg o to c khu virc Nghi Son, mpt nhfmg giai phap thich hpp, kh:i d g va tiét ki(m la ép d g cong ngh( “hao chong cét ch:iy” Dé :ip d g hieu qua cong ngh( can nghién ciru gi:ii quyét hai viin de: nvicic ngani khu vuc Nghi Son, Thanh Hfia - Nghién ciiu ve cat bién Nghi Son, he - Nghién c:ic to hpp vat 1i(u php gia hpp ly vé kinh Ie - ky thuat de chong c:it chay; van dé da dupe NCS nghién c6u va gioi thi(u ci lua( n tin - Nghién elm giai phiip xay d;;rig hao ky thuat phu hpp dieu ki(n hien tarring Do dieu ki(n h:in che ve théi gian, kinh ph1 1ua( n én méi chi de cap dén dinh huérig cho nhiing nghie“ n ctiu tiép tuc 21 tang ngani " thém co khii ciia ndng gay c:it c:it chay CEPM; dimg bo thiét b) CEPM de tien hénh nghién ciru cho tham nhap vao tang cat ch:iy cite loai vat liéu p1:u gia chfing cat c1i:iy kh:ie nhau; thay dot loai vat li(u, hém luong le vat lieu, him lu9ng nuoc de xac d)nh to hpp vat 1i(u hpp 1y phpc vp chong c:it ch:iy — Nghién cfru thirc nghi(m hien truéng de d:inh gia sai so, tin cay cfia thqc nghi(m phong big b6 thiét bi CEPM 2 - Dénh gi:i hi(u quit kinh Ie-ky thuat cfia ciic gi:ii ph:ip dupe de xuat - Nghien ciiu dinh huéng gi:ii ph:ip trio cha)n dong rig in chong cat chay xay d g duérig fi to Nhi1:n dén ‹I mci cu‹i Jiiozi tin - Lua)n :in diI phtin tich, tong hpp nhimg nhom gi:ii ph:ip cong nghe: xii 1y hi(n tupng c:it ch:iy xiiy dijng cfing trinh riot chung: Tri(t tiéu dong ngiim (dong thém); ct@i dong ngém; ché kh:i uting hoat d ng cfia dong ngém Trén cc so phén tich iru nhiri c diem ciia moi gi;ii ph:ip cac truéng hpp xay dqng cd da)c diem khéc nhau, 1ua( n :in da kién nghi di siu nghién ciiu giiii ph:ip thtt 1:i “Nghién erm gi:ii phap h:in ché hoat d ng ciia dong @o c:it ne"n du rig, tiring chan th lpi - LQ :in da nghién ctiu thiét ké ché I bo th1nghiem tham phfrc hpp véi nhiéu ong thi nghi(m, co kha nding th:to lap tinh hoat, dupc lap da)t phong thi nghi(m; M’a d‹› ciug luc co thé trirémg, x:ip xi 7%, tu“ cho by: thuc nghi(m phong bring bo thie’t bi CEPM cho két quit co dieu ki(n thuc te de kie“m chiing véi két qua thi nghi(m - LQ én da de“ xuat gi:ii ph:ip di.nh h1iéng chong c:it ch:iy bllng hiio cha)n dong ngani sit d g c:ic to hpp vat li(u phu gia h9p ly chong c:it chiiy xay d g cong trinh duéng fi to; I:inn cc s‹ cho nhiing nghién c6u tiép tpc va trién khai :ip d9ng vao thirc Ie - Lua) n :in da phiin tlch hi(u qu:i kinh te c:ic gi:ii ph:ip to hpp VLPG chong c:it ch:iy kh c v:i khuyén nghi dinh huiing tip dvng vao thqc Ie Tuy thu c dieu ki(n cung cap, don gia v?at tu, d’ia diem xay d;Jng, dieu kien dJa chiit thfiy vdn tin khu vpc cfing trinh; can 1ua)n chfmg kinh té - ky th@I lqa ch9n giai phiip hpp ly, thfr tu uu tién lua chpn to hpp VLPG co the thay doi c:it i dung gop phan gi:ii quyét mot van dé khoa hpc — thuc tie“n co y nghia dac bi(t cap thiét su nghi(p xay ding phiit trién @ tang giao c n nghién Dé thi nghi(m tham cho ph:it ctiu cong nhiéu vat lieu php nghe thi trip gia, hoéc mot vat 1i(u e“n, phu tuong lai cfing h:to chfing cat chay xay dijiig ciing m9t nén mong cfing trinh dieu kien thi nghi(m duéng fi to tar khu ve d c diém cua c:it vuc Nghi Son bao g6m - Nghién ctiu thiét ké ché tao bp cong t:ic d:to h:in v:i tham nhap c:ic to hpp vat li(u phu gia hpp ly chong cat chay - Nghién ciiu c:ie tham so h9p ly cfia hao chong cat ch:iy nhu: chiéu sau, chiéu rong, kho:ing each tit h:to Hi th nh ho mong - Hu6ng dan cong ngh( thi cong h:to ct dong ngiim de chong cat ch:iy xay ding duéng o to Ke"t qu:i nghién cttu cfia lu(ui :in se tiing tinh hi(u quit qué trinh xay ding ph6t trien cc so tang KKT Nghi Son — KKT trpng diem quoc phfing sit dijng b thiét b1 CEPM; két qu:i thuc nghi(m hi(n tru rig cho thay sai khiic gifia két qu:i thi nghi(m 23 gia; lém ccr st cho nhiing nghién ctiu tiép tqc linh c lién quan va céi the ap d g hi(u quit cho nhting , t:u not cé dieu nguy ki(n dia ly én, nhiéu, di.a chat thuy li(u tuong 24 CAC CONG TINH DA CONG CUATAC GIA I Lé Nhu Nam, “Ondlnh ciia nén dving ci té trén v“ung cét chéy ” ta.p chf khoa hoc giao thf›ng va( n t:ii, so 32 11/2010; Le Nhu Nam Tran Tuan Hiep: “Nghiéncii:u thiét ké, che: the b‹› /ue.f h tha.m phu.c hpp, CEPM , Tap clu xay dg, Bp Xay d ng, th:ing ndm 2017; Le Nhu Nam, Tran TO Hi(p: “Nghién cii:u thpc nghi in xéc dinh ham In:prig vat lie:u phu gia belt sét hpp IQ ch ng cét chéy xdy d g nén mong duéng o tc› khu vpc Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa ” 5Experiment researching reasonable content of clay admixture to treat seepage for construction o Nghi Son, Thanh Hea), Tapchi Giaothfngv a)ntiii, so 5/2017; Lé Nhir Nam, Trait TO Hiep: “Thircnghi in hi n trir 'ngxéc dinh he: st thém ciia cat tilng cat chéy tai KKT Nghi Son” (Experimental researchin site to determin thong va(n téi, so 6/2017; Le Nhu Nam, De“ téi nghién elm khoah9c captinhThanhHfa: ‘Nghién ctiu giai ph:ip thuat chong xoi ngani, ciit chay cong x:iy dung nén mong cong trinh du rig giao thong tai khu kinh Ie Nghi son, Thanh Hoa”, Da 8upc UBND tinh Thanh Ho:i phé duyét theo QD so: 4112/QD-UBND n4m 2014 ... THAM CUA CAT CHAY NGHI SON 2.1 Nghi n cfru dJa chat khu v; c Nghi Son, Thanh Hfia 2.1.1 Dieu ki(n t;y nhién khu v;yc Nghi Sun Khu kinh té Nghi Son nam éi phia nam cfia tinh Thanh Hfia, co di(n... tirpng nghi n elm: Nghien clit giai phap chong c:it chfiy xay d g cong trinh duping o tfi Pham vi nghi n cthi: Khu kinh té Nghi Son, tinh Thanh Hfia Y nghia khoa hoc va th;yc tien a ddee Hi nghi n... cong ngh( can nghi n ciru gi:ii quyét hai viin de: nvicic ngani khu vuc Nghi Son, Thanh Hfia - Nghi n ciiu ve cat bién Nghi Son, he - Nghi n c:ic to hpp vat 1i(u php gia hpp ly vé kinh Ie - ky