7 Adjectives and Adverbs MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M SEEFER BUSINES S ENGLISH 12e â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock © Valeri Potapova/Shutterstock LEARNING OUTCOMES Level ▶ Decide whether to use adjectives or adverbs in sentences ▶ Form the comparative and superlative degrees of regular and irregular adjectives and adverbs â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Basic Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs When to Use Adjectives When to Use Adverbs Comparatives and Superlatives: Regular Adjectives and Adverbs Comparatives and Superlatives: Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock When to Use Adjectives Use adjectives to describe or limit nouns and pronouns She has a yellow sportscar The company released an exciting product Use adjectives (not adverbs) following linking verbs Her engine sounds loud (not loudly) She felt bad (not badly) about the noise © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock When to Use Adverbs Use adverbs (not adjectives) to describe or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs Use adverbs following action verbs Don’t take her comments personally (not personal) The engine runs smoothly (not smooth) â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Comparatives and Superlatives: Regular Adjectives Positive Short Adjective s big clever high quiet easy pretty Comparativ e bigger cleverer higher quieter easier* prettier* Superlative biggest cleverest highest quietest easiest* prettiest* *Note: If the word ends in y, change the y to i â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Comparatives and Superlatives: Regular Adjectives Comparativ e Superlative more/less beautiful more/less efficient efficient more/less useful useful most/least beautiful most/least efficient most/least useful Positive Longer Adjective s beautif ul © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Comparatives and Superlatives: Regular Adverbs Positive Comparativ e Superlative Short Adverbs fast quick faster quicker fastest quickest Longer Adverbs slowly more/less slowly more/less carefully more/less costly most/least slowly most/least carefully most/least costly carefull y costly © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Comparatives and Superlatives: Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs Positive Comparative Superlative Adjective s bad good little worse better less worst best least Adverbs badly many much well worse more more better worst most most best © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word(s) to complete these sentences Of the two finalists, we chose the (better/best) Please use the (quietest/most quiet) (either is office for the interview OK) Deborah is the (efficientest/most efficient) paralegal at the firm © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 10 Adjective and Adverb Challenges Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs Comparisons Within a Group Placing Adjectives and Adverbs © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 32 Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs Farther (adverb – actual distance) He walked farther than the rest of us Further (adverb – additionally) We will discuss the matter further Sure (adjective – certain) Are you sure of the appointment? Surely (adverb – undoubtedly) She will surely call today © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 33 Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs Real (adjective – genuine) She is a real asset to our company Real (adverb – actually, truly, very) We were really glad to hire her Fewer (adjective – refers to plural nouns that can be counted) We received fewer bids than we expected Less (adjective – refers to singular nouns that can’t be counted) We will earn less interest on this loan â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 34 Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs Good (adjective – desirable) The new website looks good Well (adverb – satisfactorily OR adjective – health) Alicia did well in her accounting class Max is not feeling well today (Note that well may be used as an adjective only in referring to conditions of health.) â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 35 Commonly Confused Adjectives and Adverbs Almost (adverb – nearly) She has almost completed the proposal Most (adjective – greatest in amount) Most applications are submitted online Later (adverb – after an expected time) He plans to drop by the office later Latter (adjective – the second of two things) Between Thai food and Mexican food, I © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 36 TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word to complete these sentences She thought she did (good/well) in her interview Peter will (sure/surely) get the Amdeck contract I did not feel (good/well) after eating sushi She looks (good/well) in her new interview suit © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 37 TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word(s) to complete these sentences That report was (real/really) hard to write Susan writes (real good/really well) How much (farther/further) we have to drive tonight? â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 38 TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word to complete these sentences What should I to (farther/further) my career? We can (sure/surely) better than this 10 This checkout lane is for customers with ten or (fewer/less) items © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 39 TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word to complete these sentences 11 We had (fewer/less) accidents on the job this year 12 These cookies have (fewer/less) saturated fat than others 13 Of the two candidates, I recommend the (later/latter) © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 40 TRY YOUR SKILL Choose the correct word to complete these sentences 14 I’ll have to get back to you (later/latter) with the answer 15 (Most/Almost) all of our graduates have been hired 16 (Most/Almost) college students are focused on earning good grades © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 41 Comparisons Within a Group When the word than is used to compare a person, place, or thing with other members of a group to which it belongs, include the words other or else in the comparison Doing this will ensure that the person or thing being compared is Our real estate agency is larger separated from the group with which than any other agency in the city it is compared Beth is paid more than anyone else in her department © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 42 Placing Adjectives and Adverbs To avoid confusion, place adverbs and adjectives close to the words they modify He said that he had only $1 left (Not: He only said that he had $1 left.) The first three applicants will be interviewed (Not: The three first applicants will be interviewed.) â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 43 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify which sentence is correct Note: He wants you to read one thing (a) He said we have to read only the progress report (b) He only said we have to read the progress report (c) He said only we have to read the progress report â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 44 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify which sentence is correct Choose the correct form (a) Only the 25 first callers will receive free tickets (b) Only the first 25 callers will receive free tickets Maxine thinks that Paris is more beautiful than (any, any other) city in Europe © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 45 “A man's character may be learned from the adjectives which he habitually uses in conversation.” – Mark Twain, American author/humorist (18351910) â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May be scanned, copied duplicated, or postedwebsite to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, exceptfor forclassroom use as permitted in a license distributed with a distributed with a certain product or not service or otherwise on or a password-protected or school-approved learning management system use © Larysa certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Ray/Shutterstock 46 ... Adjectives Two or more consecutive adjectives that independently modify a noun should be separated by commas No comma is needed unless the word and can be inserted between Headjectives bought a