Physical methods in chemistry and nano science

Physical methods in chemistry and nano science Physical methods in chemistry and nano science Physical methods in chemistry and nano science Physical methods in chemistry and nano science Physical methods in chemistry and nano science Giáo trình

Physical Methods in Chemistry and Nano Science Collection Editor: Andrew R Barron Physical Methods in Chemistry and Nano Science Collection Editor: Andrew R Barron Authors: John J Allen Andrew R Barron Simon Bott Cara Bovet Jarrod Boyd Ariana Bratt Pinn-Tsong Chiang Brandon Cisneros Charles Conn Laurie Cullum Paul Derry Gabriela Escalera Huilong Fei Ezekial Fisher Dennis J Flood Varun Shenoy Gangoli Ayrat Gizzatov Natalia Gonzalez Pech Amanda M Goodman Sravani Gullapalli Ty Hanna Lauren Harrison Mayra Hernandez Rivera Kewei Huang Chih-Chau Hwang Nina Hwang Meghan Jebb Chengmin Jiang Wilhelm Kienast Sequoyah King Inna Kurganskaya Michelle LaComb Justin Law Jiebo Li Lei Li Xianyu Li Wayne Lin Yen-Hao Lin Yen-Tien Lu Andreas Luttge Samuel Maguire-Boyle Danielle Michaud Shawdon Molavi Gabriel Oaxaca Brittany L Oliva Alvin Orbaek Sehmus Ozden Courtney Payne Zhiwei Peng Graham Piburn Stacy Prukop Tawana Robinson ✐✐ Gedeng Ruan Hannah Rutledge Avishek Saha Richa Sethi Basil Shadfan Carissa Smith Nikolaos Soultanidis Zhengzong Sun Ryan Thaner Juan Velazquez Farrukh Vohidov Xiewen Wen Changsheng Xiang Zheng Yan Ruquan Ye Zhun Zhao Caoimhe de Fréin Online: < http://cnx.org/content/col10699/1.14/ > CONNEXIONS Rice University, Houston, Texas ❚❤✐s s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛rr❛♥❣❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❛s ❛ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ✐s ❝♦♣②r✐❣❤t❡❞ ❜② ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥✳ ■t ✐s ❧✐❝❡♥s❡❞ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❈r❡❛t✐✈❡ ❈♦♠♠♦♥s ❆ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ✸✳✵ ❧✐❝❡♥s❡ ✭❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴✮✳ ❈♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ str✉❝t✉r❡ r❡✈✐s❡❞✿ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✻✱ ✷✵✶✷ P❉❋ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡❞✿ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✻✱ ✷✵✶✷ ❋♦r ❝♦♣②r✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ ❛ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦❞✉❧❡s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥✱ s❡❡ ♣✳ ✻✽✶✳ ❚❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❈♦♥t❡♥ts ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶ ✶ ❊❧❡♠❡♥t❛❧ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✶✳✶ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❆t♦♠✐❝ ❆❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸ ✶✳✷ ■❈P✲❆❊❙ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✼ ✶✳✸ ■❈P✲▼❙ ❢♦r ❚r❛❝❡ ▼❡t❛❧ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹ ✶✳✹ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❈♦♠❜✉st✐♦♥ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✽ ✶✳✺ ■♦♥ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ❊❧❡❝tr♦❞❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✸ ✶✳✻ ❆ Pr❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❳✲r❛② ❆❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼ ✶✳✼ ❋❧✉♦r❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽ ✶✳✽ ❳✲r❛② P❤♦t♦❡❧❡❝tr♦♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✺ ✶✳✾ ❆✉❣❡r ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹ ✶✳✶✵ ❆♥ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❊♥❡r❣② ❉✐s♣❡rs✐✈❡ ❳✲r❛② ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✵ ✶✳✶✶ ❘✉t❤❡r❢♦r❞ ❇❛❝❦s❝❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❚❤✐♥ ❋✐❧♠s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✽ ✶✳✶✷ ❆♥ ❆❝❝✉r❛❝② ❆ss❡ss♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❘❡✜♥❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❈r②st❛❧❧♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ P♦s✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ▼❡t❛❧ ❉✐s♦r❞❡r ✐♥ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙♦❧✐❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✻ ✶✳✶✸ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♦❢ ●❛♠♠❛✲r❛② ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ◆✉❝❧❡❛r ❋♦r❡♥s✐❝s ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✼ ✷ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❚❤❡r♠❛❧ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✷✳✶ ▼❡❧t✐♥❣ P♦✐♥t ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✾ ✷✳✷ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❲❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❙♠❛❧❧ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸ ✷✳✸ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❲❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ P♦❧②♠❡rs ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✾ ✷✳✹ ❙✐③❡ ❊①❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ P♦❧②♠❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✹ ✷✳✺ ❚❤❡r♠♦❣r❛✈✐♠❡tr✐❝ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✺✹ ✷✳✻ ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❈❛❧♦r✐♠❡tr② ✭❉❙❈✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✵ ✷✳✼ ❇❊❚ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❆r❡❛ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✺ ✷✳✽ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❈②❝❧✐❝ ❱♦❧t❛♠♠❡tr② ▼❡❛s✉r❡♠❡♥ts ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✻ ✷✳✾ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❧❛①❛t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ♦❢ ❈♦♥tr❛st ❆❣❡♥ts ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✵✻ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✶✶ ✸ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❙♣❡❝✐❛t✐♦♥ ✸✳✶ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐s♠ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✶✸ ✸✳✷ ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹✶ ✸✳✸ ■❘ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✻✶ ✸✳✹ ❯❱✲❱✐s✐❜❧❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✽✽ ✸✳✺ P❤♦t♦❧✉♠✐♥❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❋❧✉♦r❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✾✺ ✸✳✻ ▼♦ss❜❛✉❡r ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶✺ ✸✳✼ ◆▼❘ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✷✶ ✸✳✽ ❊P❘ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺✺ ✸✳✾ ❳✲r❛② P❤♦t♦❡❧❡❝tr♦♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻✺ ✸✳✶✵ ❊❙■✲◗❚❖❋✲▼❙ ❈♦✉♣❧❡❞ t♦ ❍P▲❈ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❋♦♦❞ ❙❛❢❡t② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽✵ ✸✳✶✶ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦♠❡tr② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽✽ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾✺ ✹ ❘❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ❑✐♥❡t✐❝s ❛♥❞ P❛t❤✇❛②s ✹✳✶ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❍❡❛❞s♣❛❝❡ ●❛s ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾✼ ✹✳✷ ●❛s ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍②❞r♦❞❡❝❤❧♦r✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❘❡❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ P❡r✲ ❝❤❧♦r♦❡t❤②❧❡♥❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵✽ ✹✳✸ ❚❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❡✲Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡❞ ❉❡s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❆♣♣❧✐❡❞ ✐♥ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❈❤❡♠✐str② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶✸ ✈ ✺ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ Pr♦❝❡ss❡s ✺✳✶ ◆▼❘ ♦❢ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙②st❡♠s✿ ❆♥ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷✺ ✺✳✷ ❘♦❧❧✐♥❣ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ♦♥ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡s ❯♥❞❡r ❙❚▼ ■♠❛❣✐♥❣ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷✾ ✻ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❛♥❞ ❙♦❧✐❞ ❙t❛t❡ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✻✳✶ ❈r②st❛❧ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✹✶ ✻✳✷ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡s ♦❢ ❊❧❡♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❈♦♠♣♦✉♥❞ ❙❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦rs ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✺✾ ✻✳✸ ❳✲r❛② ❈r②st❛❧❧♦❣r❛♣❤② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼✵ ✻✳✹ ◆❡✉tr♦♥ ❉✐✛r❛❝t✐♦♥ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾✷ ✻✳✺ ❳❆❋❙ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✷ ✻✳✻ ❈✐r❝✉❧❛r ❉✐❝❤r♦✐s♠ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❙❡❝✲ ♦♥❞❛r② ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❖♣t✐❝❛❧❧② ❆❝t✐✈❡ ❙♣❡❝✐❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✾ ✻✳✼ Pr♦t❡✐♥ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✉s✐♥❣ ❊❧❡❝tr♦s♣r❛② ■♦♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✶✽ ✻✳✽ ❚❤❡ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ▲✐q✉✐❞ ❈r②st❛❧ P❤❛s❡s ✉s✐♥❣ P♦❧❛r✐③❡❞ ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✷✻ ✼ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❛t t❤❡ ◆❛♥♦ ❙❝❛❧❡ ✼✳✶ ▼✐❝r♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐❛ ❈♦♥❢♦❝❛❧ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✸✺ ✼✳✷ ❚r❛♥s♠✐ss✐♦♥ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✹✷ ✼✳✸ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚✉♥♥❡❧✐♥❣ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✻✵ ✼✳✹ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❝ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼✼ ✼✳✺ ▼❡❛s✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❆r❡❛ ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡ ❙✉s♣❡♥s✐♦♥s ✉s✐♥❣ ◆▼❘ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✵✽ ✼✳✻ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ●r❛♣❤❡♥❡ ❜② ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶✾ ✽ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ▼♦r♣❤♦❧♦❣② ❛♥❞ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✽✳✶ ❚❤❡ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❱❙■ ✭❱❡rt✐❝❛❧ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ■♥t❡r❢❡r♦♠❡tr②✮ t♦ t❤❡ ❙t✉❞② ♦❢ ❈r②st❛❧ ✽✳✷ ✽✳✸ ✽✳✹ ✾ ❉❡✈✐❝❡ ✾✳✶ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ Pr♦❝❡ss❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✷✸ ❆t♦♠✐❝ ❋♦r❝❡ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸✹ ❙❊▼ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r P♦❧②♠❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸✾ ❈❛t❛❧②st ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❯s✐♥❣ ❚❤❡r♠❛❧ ❈♦♥❞✉❝t✐✈✐t② ❉❡t❡❝t♦r ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺✵ P❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ❆ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ❚❡st ❆♣♣❛r❛t✉s t♦ ❱❡r✐❢② t❤❡ P❤♦t♦r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦❢ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛❧ P❤♦t♦✲ ✈♦❧t❛✐❝ ▼❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❛♥❞ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡ ❙♦❧❛r ❈❡❧❧s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻✶ ■♥❞❡① ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✼✵ ❆ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳✻✽✶ ✈✐ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✶ ❈♦✉rs❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡♠ ✹✼✺ ✐s ❛ s✉r✈❡② ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ r❡s❡❛r❝❤ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ❝❤❡♠✐str②✱ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s s❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ ❛♥❞ ♥❛♥♦ s❝✐❡♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ t♦♣✐❝s ❛r❡ ❣r♦✉♣❡❞✱ ♥♦t ❜❡ ♠❡t❤♦❞ ♣❡r s❡✱ ❜✉t ✇✐t❤ r❡❣❛r❞ t♦ t❤❡ t②♣❡ ♦❢ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞✳ ❚❤✉s✱ t❤❡ t♦♣✐❝s ❛r❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❛s ❢♦❧❧♦✇s✿ • • • • • • • • • • ❊❧❡♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✳ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r♠❛❧ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s✳ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ s♣❡❝✐❛t✐♦♥✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s✳ ❘❡❛❝t✐♦♥ ❦✐♥❡t✐❝s ❛♥❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✳ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r str✉❝t✉r❡✳ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❛t t❤❡ ♥❛♥♦ s❝❛❧❡✳ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ♠♦r♣❤♦❧♦❣② ❛♥❞ str✉❝t✉r❡✳ ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✳ ❉❡✈✐❝❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✳ ❆s ❛ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦r❣❛♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♠❡t❤♦❞s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❝❤❛♣t❡rs✳ ❋♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❳✲r❛② ♣❤♦t♦❡❧❡❝tr♦♥ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✐s ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✉♥❞❡r ❡❧❡♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ r❡❣❛r❞ t♦ ✐ts ✉s❡ ❢♦r ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✐t ✐s ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✉♥❞❡r ❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ s♣❡❝✐❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ r❡❣❛r❞ t♦ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐t② ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ♠♦✐❡t✐❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ♠♦❞✉❧❡s ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝♦✉rs❡ ✭t♦ ❞❛t❡✮ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ st✉❞❡♥ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❧❛ss ❛♥❞ t❤❡ t♦♣✐❝s ❛r❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐✈❡ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r r❡s❡❛r❝❤ ✐♥t❡r❡sts✳ ❆s t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣s✱ ❢✉rt❤❡r ♠♦❞✉❧❡s ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❛❞❞❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥t❧② s♦♠❡ ♠❛② ♦✈❡r❧❛♣ ✐♥ s✉❜❥❡❝t ♠❛tt❡r✳ ✶ ❚❤✐s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ✐s ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❧✐♥❡ ❛t ❁❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✸✵✹✵✴✶✳✾✴❃✳ ✶ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ✻✽✸ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❘✉t❤❡r❢♦r❞ ❇❛❝❦s❝❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❚❤✐♥ ❋✐❧♠s✧ ❇②✿ ❆✈✐s❤❡❦ ❙❛❤❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✹✶✶✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✾✽✲✶✵✻ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆✈✐s❤❡❦ ❙❛❤❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❆♥ ❆❝❝✉r❛❝② ❆ss❡ss♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❘❡✜♥❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❈r②st❛❧❧♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ P♦s✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ▼❡t❛❧ ❉✐s♦r❞❡r ✐♥ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙♦❧✐❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥✱ ❙✐♠♦♥ ❇♦tt ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✻✶✹✽✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✵✻✲✶✶✶ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥✱ ❙✐♠♦♥ ❇♦tt ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♦❢ ●❛♠♠❛✲r❛② ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ◆✉❝❧❡❛r ❋♦r❡♥s✐❝s✧ ❇②✿ ❇r❛♥❞♦♥ ❈✐s♥❡r♦s✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✹✺✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✶✶✲✶✶✻ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❇r❛♥❞♦♥ ❈✐s♥❡r♦s✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼❡❧t✐♥❣ P♦✐♥t ❆♥❛❧②s✐s✧ ❇②✿ ❙❤❛✇❞♦♥ ▼♦❧❛✈✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✻✺✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✶✾✲✶✷✸ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❤❛✇❞♦♥ ▼♦❧❛✈✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❲❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❙♠❛❧❧ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❚❛✇❛♥❛ ❘♦❜✐♥s♦♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✺✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✷✸✲✶✷✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❚❛✇❛♥❛ ❘♦❜✐♥s♦♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❲❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ P♦❧②♠❡rs✧ ❇②✿ ❙❡❤♠✉s ❖③❞❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✺✵✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✷✾✲✶✹✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❡❤♠✉s ❖③❞❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙✐③❡ ❊①❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ P♦❧②♠❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✧ ❇②✿ ❨❡♥✲❍❛♦ ▲✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✺✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✹✹✲✶✺✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❨❡♥✲❍❛♦ ▲✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ✻✽✹ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❤❡r♠♦❣r❛✈✐♠❡tr✐❝ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ❙✐♥❣❧❡ ❲❛❧❧❡❞ ❈❛r❜♦♥ ◆❛♥♦t✉❜❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❈❛♦✐♠❤❡ ❞❡ ❋ré✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✾✼✷✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✺✹✲✶✻✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❛♦✐♠❤❡ ❞❡ ❋ré✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚●❆✴❉❙❈✲❋❚■❘ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❖①✐❞❡ ◆❛♥❛♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ◆✐❦♦❧❛♦s ❙♦✉❧t❛♥✐❞✐s✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✸✵✸✽✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✻✵✲✶✼✷ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ◆✐❦♦❧❛♦s ❙♦✉❧t❛♥✐❞✐s✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❙✉❜❧✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❊♥t❤❛❧♣② ❛♥❞ ❱❛♣♦r Pr❡ss✉r❡ ❢♦r ■♥♦r❣❛♥✐❝ ❛♥❞ ▼❡t❛❧✲❖r❣❛♥✐❝ ❈♦♠♣♦✉♥❞s ❜② ❚❤❡r♠♦❣r❛✈✐♠❡tr✐❝ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✸✻✹✾✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✼✷✲✶✽✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❉✐✛❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❈❛❧♦r✐♠❡tr② ✭❉❙❈✮✧ ❇②✿ ❇❛s✐❧ ❙❤❛❞❢❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✹✽✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✽✵✲✶✽✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❇❛s✐❧ ❙❤❛❞❢❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❇❊❚ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❆r❡❛ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ◆✐♥❛ ❍✇❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✷✼✽✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✽✺✲✶✾✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ◆✐♥❛ ❍✇❛♥❣ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❈②❝❧✐❝ ❱♦❧t❛♠♠❡tr② ▼❡❛s✉r❡♠❡♥ts✧ ❇②✿ ❳✐❛♥②✉ ▲✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✻✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✶✾✻✲✷✵✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❳✐❛♥②✉ ▲✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❧❛①❛t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ♦❢ ❈♦♥tr❛st ❆❣❡♥ts✧ ❇②✿ ❆②r❛t ●✐③③❛t♦✈✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✹✷✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✵✻✲✷✶✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆②r❛t ●✐③③❛t♦✈✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼❛❣♥❡t✐❝s✧ ❇②✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✼✹✾✴✶✳✹✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✶✸✲✷✷✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❤❡♦r② ♦❢ ❆ ❙✉♣❡r❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ◗✉❛♥t✉♠ ■♥t❡r❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❉❡✈✐❝❡ ✭❙◗❯■❉✮✧ ❇②✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✼✺✵✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✷✺✲✷✸✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧Pr❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ●✉✐❞❡ t♦ ❯s✐♥❣ ❛ ❙✉♣❡r❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ◗✉❛♥t✉♠ ■♥t❡r❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❉❡✈✐❝❡✧ ❇②✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✾✻✽✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✸✹✲✷✹✶ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❛♠✉❡❧ ▼❛❣✉✐r❡✲❇♦②❧❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❘❛♠❛♥ ❛♥❞ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡✲❊♥❤❛♥❝❡❞ ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❈♦✉rt♥❡② P❛②♥❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✷✽✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✹✶✲✷✹✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈♦✉rt♥❡② P❛②♥❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❙✐♥❣❧❡✲❲❛❧❧❡❞ ❈❛r❜♦♥ ◆❛♥♦t✉❜❡s ❜② ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❘✐❝❤❛ ❙❡t❤✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✾✷✺✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✹✺✲✷✺✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❘✐❝❤❛ ❙❡t❤✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙✉r❢❛❝❡✲❊♥❤❛♥❝❡❞ ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❢♦r t❤❡ ❙t✉❞② ♦❢ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❈❤❡♠✐str②✧ ❇②✿ ❈♦✉rt♥❡② P❛②♥❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✷✷✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✺✾✲✷✻✶ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈♦✉rt♥❡② P❛②♥❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧■❘ ❙❛♠♣❧❡ Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥✿ ❆ Pr❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ●✉✐❞❡✧ ❇②✿ P❛✉❧ ❉❡rr②✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✻✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✻✶✲✷✼✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ P❛✉❧ ❉❡rr②✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ✻✽✺ ✻✽✻ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ■❘ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ▼♦❞❡s ❢♦r ❍②❞r♦❝❛r❜♦♥ ❈♦♠♣♦✉♥❞s✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✷✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✼✺✲✷✼✻ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❋♦✉r✐❡r ❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠ ■♥❢r❛r❡❞ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ▼❡t❛❧ ▲✐❣❛♥❞ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❏✐❡❜♦ ▲✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✻✵✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✼✻✲✷✽✸ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❏✐❡❜♦ ▲✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧P✉♠♣✲♣r♦❜❡ ❉❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ●r♦✉♣ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡✧ ❇②✿ ❳✐❡✇❡♥ ❲❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✶✵✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✽✸✲✷✽✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❳✐❡✇❡♥ ❲❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❇❛s✐❝s ♦❢ ❯❱✲❱✐s✐❜❧❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❇r✐tt❛♥② ▲✳ ❖❧✐✈❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✷✺✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✽✽✲✷✾✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❇r✐tt❛♥② ▲✳ ❖❧✐✈❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧P❤♦t♦❧✉♠✐♥❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✧ ❇②✿ ❘✉q✉❛♥ ❨❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✺✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✷✾✺✲✸✵✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❘✉q✉❛♥ ❨❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❋❧✉♦r❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❉◆❆ ❉❡t❡❝t✐♦♥✧ ❇②✿ ❑❡✇❡✐ ❍✉❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✽✵✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✵✹✲✸✶✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❑❡✇❡✐ ❍✉❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ▼♦ss❜❛✉❡r ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✸✷✽✴✶✳✼✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✶✺✲✸✶✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙②♥t❤❡s✐s ♦❢ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐t❡ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✶✻✼✴✶✳✻✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✶✼✲✸✶✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ✻✽✼ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼♦ss❜❛✉❡r ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ■r♦♥ ❖①✐❞❡ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✻✶✾✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✶✽✲✸✷✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❉❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛ ♦❢ ◆♦♥st♦✐❝❤✐♦♠❡tr✐❝ ■r♦♥ ❖①✐❞❡ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❜② ▼♦ss❜❛✉❡r ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✶✽✹✴✶✳✹✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✷✵✲✸✷✶ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❊③❡❦✐❛❧ ❋✐s❤❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ◆✉❝❧❡❛r ▼❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ❘❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❚② ❍❛♥♥❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✺✻✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✷✶✲✸✷✻ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❚② ❍❛♥♥❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧◆▼❘ Pr♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❧❡♠❡♥ts✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✸✷✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✷✻✲✸✷✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧◆▼❘ ❙♣✐♥ ❈♦✉♣❧✐♥❣✧ ❇②✿ ❏❛rr♦❞ ❇♦②❞✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✺✶✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✷✾✲✸✸✻ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❏❛rr♦❞ ❇♦②❞✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧◆▼❘ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ❙t❡r❡♦✐s♦♠❡rs✧ ❇②✿ ❙❡q✉♦②❛❤ ❑✐♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✺✺✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✸✻✲✸✹✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙❡q✉♦②❛❤ ❑✐♥❣ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❇❛s✐❝s ♦❢ ❙♦❧✐❞✲❙t❛t❡ ◆▼❘✧ ❇②✿ ●❛❜r✐❡❧ ❖❛①❛❝❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✹✼✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✹✵✲✸✹✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ●❛❜r✐❡❧ ❖❛①❛❝❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ✻✽✽ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▲❛♥t❤❛♥✐❞❡ ❙❤✐❢t ❘❡❛❣❡♥ts✧ ❇②✿ ▼❛②r❛ ❍❡r♥❛♥❞❡③ ❘✐✈❡r❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✽✵✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✹✼✲✸✺✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ▼❛②r❛ ❍❡r♥❛♥❞❡③ ❘✐✈❡r❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❊P❘ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✿ ❆♥ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇✧ ❇②✿ ❈❛r❛ ❇♦✈❡t✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✸✼✵✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✺✺✲✸✺✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❛r❛ ❇♦✈❡t✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ P❛r❛♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ❘❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ❈♦♣♣❡r✭■■✮ ❈♦♠♣♦✉♥❞s✧ ❇②✿ ❈❛r❛ ❇♦✈❡t✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✺✵✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✺✾✲✸✻✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❛r❛ ❇♦✈❡t✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❳P❙ ♦❢ ❈❛r❜♦♥ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✧ ❇②✿ ❆r✐❛♥❛ ❇r❛tt✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✹✾✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✻✺✲✸✽✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆r✐❛♥❛ ❇r❛tt✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❊❙■✲◗❚❖❋✲▼❙ ❈♦✉♣❧❡❞ t♦ ❍P▲❈ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❋♦♦❞ ❙❛❢❡t②✧ ❇②✿ ●❡❞❡♥❣ ❘✉❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✸✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✽✵✲✸✽✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ●❡❞❡♥❣ ❘✉❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♦❢ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦♠❡tr② ❛♥❞ ▼♦❞❡r♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✧ ❇②✿ ❏✉st✐♥ ▲❛✇✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✺✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✽✽✲✸✾✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❏✉st✐♥ ▲❛✇✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❍❡❛❞s♣❛❝❡ ●❛s ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❆♥❛❧②s✐s✧ ❇②✿ ❩❤✉♥ ❩❤❛♦✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✷✷✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✸✾✼✲✹✵✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❩❤✉♥ ❩❤❛♦ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧●❛s ❈❤r♦♠❛t♦❣r❛♣❤② ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍②❞r♦❞❡❝❤❧♦r✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❘❡❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ P❡r❝❤❧♦r♦❡t❤②❧❡♥❡✧ ❇②✿ ❩❤✉♥ ❩❤❛♦✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✸✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✵✽✲✹✶✸ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❩❤✉♥ ❩❤❛♦ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❡✲Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡❞ ❉❡s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❆♣♣❧✐❡❞ ✐♥ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❈❤❡♠✐str②✧ ❇②✿ ❈❤✐❤✲❈❤❛✉ ❍✇❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✶✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✶✸✲✹✷✸ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❤✐❤✲❈❤❛✉ ❍✇❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧◆▼❘ ♦❢ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙②st❡♠s✿ ❆♥ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇✧ ❇②✿ ❈❤❡♥❣♠✐♥ ❏✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✻✼✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✷✺✲✹✷✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❤❡♥❣♠✐♥ ❏✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❘♦❧❧✐♥❣ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ♦♥ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡s ❯♥❞❡r ❙❚▼ ■♠❛❣✐♥❣✧ ❇②✿ P✐♥♥✲❚s♦♥❣ ❈❤✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✾✻✺✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✷✾✲✹✸✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ P✐♥♥✲❚s♦♥❣ ❈❤✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈r②st❛❧ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥✱ ❈❛r✐ss❛ ❙♠✐t❤ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✶✻✾✷✼✴✶✳✶✵✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✹✶✲✹✺✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥✱ ❈❛r✐ss❛ ❙♠✐t❤ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✷✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙tr✉❝t✉r❡s ♦❢ ❊❧❡♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❈♦♠♣♦✉♥❞ ❙❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦rs✧ ❇②✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✸✾✵✺✴✶✳✻✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✺✾✲✹✼✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❆♥ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❳✲r❛② ❉✐✛r❛❝t✐♦♥✧ ❇②✿ ❲❛②♥❡ ▲✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✷✽✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✼✵✲✹✼✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❲❛②♥❡ ▲✐♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❘❡✜♥❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❈r②st❛❧❧♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❉✐s♦r❞❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❚❡tr❛✢✉♦r♦❜♦r❛t❡ ❆♥✐♦♥✧ ❇②✿ ❏♦❤♥ ❏✳ ❆❧❧❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✻✻✽✼✴✶✳✸✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✼✾✲✹✾✶ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❏♦❤♥ ❏✳ ❆❧❧❡♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ✻✽✾ ✻✾✵ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧◆❡✉tr♦♥ ❉✐✛r❛❝t✐♦♥✧ ❇②✿ ●❛❜r✐❡❧❛ ❊s❝❛❧❡r❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✽✷✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✹✾✷✲✺✵✷ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ●❛❜r✐❡❧❛ ❊s❝❛❧❡r❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❳❆❋❙ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ❢♦r ❆rs❡♥✐❝ ❆❞s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ♦♥t♦ ■r♦♥ ❖①✐❞❡s✧ ❇②✿ ◆❛t❛❧✐❛ ●♦♥③❛❧❡③ P❡❝❤✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✷✽✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✵✷✲✺✵✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ◆❛t❛❧✐❛ ●♦♥③❛❧❡③ P❡❝❤✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈✐r❝✉❧❛r ❉✐❝❤r♦✐s♠ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❙❡❝♦♥❞❛r② ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❖♣t✐❝❛❧❧② ❆❝t✐✈❡ ❙♣❡❝✐❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❋❛rr✉❦❤ ❱♦❤✐❞♦✈✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✷✼✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✵✾✲✺✶✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❋❛rr✉❦❤ ❱♦❤✐❞♦✈✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧Pr♦t❡✐♥ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ✉s✐♥❣ ❊❧❡❝tr♦s♣r❛② ■♦♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛ss ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❲✐❧❤❡❧♠ ❑✐❡♥❛st✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✹✶✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✶✽✲✺✷✺ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❲✐❧❤❡❧♠ ❑✐❡♥❛st✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❤❡ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ▲✐q✉✐❞ ❈r②st❛❧ P❤❛s❡s ✉s✐♥❣ P♦❧❛r✐③❡❞ ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❈❤❛♥❣s❤❡♥❣ ❳✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✹✸✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✷✻✲✺✸✸ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❤❛♥❣s❤❡♥❣ ❳✐❛♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼✐❝r♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐❛ ❈♦♥❢♦❝❛❧ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❈❤❛r❧❡s ❈♦♥♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✹✵✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✸✺✲✺✹✷ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❈❤❛r❧❡s ❈♦♥♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚r❛♥s♠✐ss✐♦♥ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❯s❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s✿ ✧ ❚r❛♥s♠✐ss✐♦♥ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✿ ❆♥ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇✧ ❇②✿ ❨❡♥✲❚✐❡♥ ▲✉✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✷✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✹✷✲✺✺✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❨❡♥✲❚✐❡♥ ▲✉✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ✻✾✶ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚r❛♥s♠✐ss✐♦♥ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ■♠❛❣❡ ❢♦r ▼✉❧t✐❧❛②❡r✲◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✧ ❇②✿ ❨❡♥✲❚✐❡♥ ▲✉✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✷✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✺✵✲✺✺✷ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❨❡♥✲❚✐❡♥ ▲✉✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❊▼ ■♠❛❣✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❈❛r❜♦♥ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✧ ❇②✿ ❩❤❡♥❣③♦♥❣ ❙✉♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✾✻✸✴✶✳✺✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✺✷✲✺✺✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❩❤❡♥❣③♦♥❣ ❙✉♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✷✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚✉♥♥❡❧✐♥❣ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✧ ❇②✿ ❩❤✐✇❡✐ P❡♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✸✺✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✻✵✲✺✻✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❩❤✐✇❡✐ P❡♥❣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❆❞❛♣t❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚✉♥♥❡❧✐♥❣ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ▼✐❝❤❡❧❧❡ ▲❛❈♦♠❜✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✹✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✻✼✲✺✼✼ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ▼✐❝❤❡❧❧❡ ▲❛❈♦♠❜✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❯s✐♥❣ ❯❱✲✈✐s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✐❧✐❝♦♥ q✉❛♥t✉♠ ❞♦ts✧ ❇②✿ ❇r✐tt❛♥② ▲✳ ❖❧✐✈❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✺✺✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✼✼✲✺✽✵ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❇r✐tt❛♥② ▲✳ ❖❧✐✈❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❖♣t✐❝❛❧ Pr♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ●r♦✉♣ ✶✷✲✶✻ ✭■■✲❱■✮ ❙❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦r ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✧ ❇②✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✺✺✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✽✵✲✺✽✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ●r♦✉♣ ✶✷✲✶✻ ✭■■✲❱■✮ ❙❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦r ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❜② ❯❱✲✈✐s✐❜❧❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✵✶✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✽✽✲✺✾✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ✻✾✷ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ●r♦✉♣ ✶✷✲✶✻ ✭■■✲❱■✮ ❙❡♠✐❝♦♥❞✉❝t♦r ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❜② ❋❧✉♦r❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✺✻✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✺✾✾✲✻✵✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙r❛✈❛♥✐ ●✉❧❧❛♣❛❧❧✐ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧▼❡❛s✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ ❆r❡❛ ♦❢ ◆❛♥♦♣❛rt✐❝❧❡ ❙✉s♣❡♥s✐♦♥s ✉s✐♥❣ ◆▼❘✧ ❇②✿ ❱❛r✉♥ ❙❤❡♥♦② ●❛♥❣♦❧✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✻✸✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✵✽✲✻✶✽ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❱❛r✉♥ ❙❤❡♥♦② ●❛♥❣♦❧✐ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ●r❛♣❤❡♥❡ ❜② ❘❛♠❛♥ ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❩❤❡♥❣ ❨❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✻✼✴✶✳✷✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✶✾✲✻✷✷ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❩❤❡♥❣ ❨❛♥✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❚❤❡ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❱❙■ ✭❱❡rt✐❝❛❧ ❙❝❛♥♥✐♥❣ ■♥t❡r❢❡r♦♠❡tr②✮ t♦ t❤❡ ❙t✉❞② ♦❢ ❈r②st❛❧ ❙✉r❢❛❝❡ Pr♦✲ ❝❡ss❡s✧ ❇②✿ ■♥♥❛ ❑✉r❣❛♥s❦❛②❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛s ▲✉tt❣❡✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✷✷✸✷✻✴✶✳✹✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✷✸✲✻✸✹ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ■♥♥❛ ❑✉r❣❛♥s❦❛②❛✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❆t♦♠✐❝ ❋♦r❝❡ ▼✐❝r♦s❝♦♣②✧ ❇②✿ ❘②❛♥ ❚❤❛♥❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✹✻✻✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✸✹✲✻✸✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❘②❛♥ ❚❤❛♥❡r✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❙❊▼ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r P♦❧②♠❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✧ ❇②✿ ❙t❛❝② Pr✉❦♦♣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✸✽✸✹✹✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✸✾✲✻✹✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❙t❛❝② Pr✉❦♦♣✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❈❛t❛❧②st ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❯s✐♥❣ ❚❤❡r♠❛❧ ❈♦♥❞✉❝t✐✈✐t② ❉❡t❡❝t♦r✧ ❇②✿ ❏✉❛♥ ❱❡❧❛③q✉❡③✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✸✺✼✾✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✺✵✲✻✺✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❏✉❛♥ ❱❡❧❛③q✉❡③✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ ❆❚❚❘■❇❯❚■❖◆❙ ✻✾✸ ▼♦❞✉❧❡✿ ✧❆ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ❚❡st ❆♣♣❛r❛t✉s t♦ ❱❡r✐❢② t❤❡ P❤♦t♦r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦❢ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛❧ P❤♦t♦✈♦❧t❛✐❝ ▼❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❛♥❞ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡ ❙♦❧❛r ❈❡❧❧s✧ ❇②✿ ❉❡♥♥✐s ❏✳ ❋❧♦♦❞✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝♥①✳♦r❣✴❝♦♥t❡♥t✴♠✹✷✷✼✶✴✶✳✶✴ P❛❣❡s✿ ✻✻✶✲✻✻✾ ❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t✿ ❉❡♥♥✐s ❏✳ ❋❧♦♦❞✱ ❆♥❞r❡✇ ❘✳ ❇❛rr♦♥ ▲✐❝❡♥s❡✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❝r❡❛t✐✈❡❝♦♠♠♦♥s✳♦r❣✴❧✐❝❡♥s❡s✴❜②✴✸✳✵✴ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ ▼❡t❤♦❞s ✐♥ ❈❤❡♠✐str② ❛♥❞ ◆❛♥♦ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ❈❤❡♠ ✹✼✺ ❛t ❘✐❝❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ✐s ❛ s✉r✈❡② ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ r❡s❡❛r❝❤ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ❝❤❡♠✐str② ❛♥❞ ♥❛♥♦✲ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s s❝✐❡♥❝❡✳ ❆❜♦✉t ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s ❙✐♥❝❡ ✶✾✾✾✱ ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ♣✐♦♥❡❡r✐♥❣ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ s②st❡♠ ✇❤❡r❡ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠ ❢✉❧❧② ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❡❛s✐❧② r❡✉s❛❜❧❡ ❢r❡❡ ♦❢ ❝❤❛r❣❡✳ ❲❡ ❛r❡ ❛ ❲❡❜✲❜❛s❡❞ ❛✉t❤♦r✐♥❣✱ t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❡♥✈✐r♦♥♠❡♥t ♦♣❡♥ t♦ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ✐♥t❡r❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ❡❞✉❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ st✉❞❡♥ts✱ t❡❛❝❤❡rs✱ ♣r♦❢❡ss♦rs ❛♥❞ ❧✐❢❡❧♦♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥❡rs✳ ❲❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ❡❞✉❝❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t✐❡s✳ ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s✬s ♠♦❞✉❧❛r✱ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦✉rs❡s ❛r❡ ✐♥ ✉s❡ ✇♦r❧❞✇✐❞❡ ❜② ✉♥✐✈❡rs✐t✐❡s✱ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t② ❝♦❧❧❡❣❡s✱ ❑✲✶✷ s❝❤♦♦❧s✱ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❧❡❛r♥❡rs✱ ❛♥❞ ❧✐❢❡❧♦♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥❡rs✳ ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❛r❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤✱ ❙♣❛♥✐s❤✱ ❈❤✐♥❡s❡✱ ❏❛♣❛♥❡s❡✱ ■t❛❧✐❛♥✱ ❱✐❡t♥❛♠❡s❡✱ ❋r❡♥❝❤✱ P♦rt✉❣✉❡s❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❚❤❛✐✳ ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s ✐s ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡①❝✐t✐♥❣ ♥❡✇ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ s②st❡♠ t❤❛t ❛❧❧♦✇s ❢♦r Pr✐♥t ♦♥ ❉❡♠❛♥❞ ❇♦♦❦s✳ ❈♦♥♥❡①✐♦♥s ❤❛s ♣❛rt♥❡r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥♦✈❛t✐✈❡ ♦♥✲❞❡♠❛♥❞ ♣✉❜❧✐s❤❡r ◗❖❖P t♦ ❛❝❝❡❧❡r❛t❡ t❤❡ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r② ♦❢ ♣r✐♥t❡❞ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❛♥❞ t❡①t❜♦♦❦s ✐♥t♦ ❝❧❛ssr♦♦♠s ✇♦r❧❞✇✐❞❡ ❛t ❧♦✇❡r ♣r✐❝❡s t❤❛♥ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❛❝❛❞❡♠✐❝ ♣✉❜❧✐s❤❡rs✳ This book was distributed courtesy of: For your own Unlimited Reading and FREE eBooks today, visit: http://www.Free-eBooks.net Share this eBook with anyone and everyone automatically by selecting any of the options below: To show your appreciation to the author and help others have wonderful reading experiences and find helpful information too, we'd be very grateful if you'd kindly post your comments for this book here COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Free-eBooks.net respects the intellectual property of others When a book's copyright owner submits their work to Free-eBooks.net, they are granting us permission to distribute such material Unless otherwise stated in this book, this permission is not 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Pech Amanda M Goodman Sravani Gullapalli Ty Hanna Lauren Harrison Mayra Hernandez Rivera Kewei Huang Chih-Chau Hwang Nina Hwang Meghan Jebb Chengmin Jiang Wilhelm Kienast Sequoyah King Inna Kurganskaya... LaComb Justin Law Jiebo Li Lei Li Xianyu Li Wayne Lin Yen-Hao Lin Yen-Tien Lu Andreas Luttge Samuel Maguire-Boyle Danielle Michaud Shawdon Molavi Gabriel Oaxaca Brittany L Oliva Alvin Orbaek Sehmus