Project management professional

ors have worked hard to ensure that the new edition you hold in your hands is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound We’re confident that this book will exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the PMP certification candidate, succeed in your endeavors As always, your feedback is important to us If you believe you’ve identified an error in the book, please visit the Customer Support section of the Wiley web site And if you have general comments or suggestions, feel free to drop me a line directly at nedde@wiley.com At Sybex we’re continually striving to meet the needs of individuals preparing for certification exams Good luck in pursuit of your PMP certification! Neil Edde Vice President & Publisher Sybex, an Imprint of John Wiley & Sons Acquisitions and Developmental Editor Jeff Kellum Technical Editor Claudia Baca Production Editor Elizabeth Campbell Copy Editor Judy Flynn Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President & Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Publisher Joseph B Wikert Vice President and Publisher Neil Edde Media Development Specialists Kevin Ly Christopher Malone Book Designer Judy Fung Compositor and Illustrator Jeffrey Wilson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader Nancy Riddiough Indexer Nancy Guenther Cover Design and Illustration Richard Miller, Calyx Design Cover Image Getty Images, Duncan Smith, Comstock Images Wiley Publishing Inc End-User License Agreement READ THIS You should carefully read these terms and conditions before opening the software packet(s) included with this book “Book” This is a license agreement “Agreement” between you and Wiley Publishing, Inc.”WPI” By opening the accompanying software packet(s), you acknowledge that you have read and accept the following terms and conditions If you not agree and not want to be bound by such terms and conditions, promptly return the Book and the unopened software packet(s) to the place you obtained them for a full refund License Grant WPI grants to you (either an individual or entity) a nonexclusive license to use one copy of the enclosed software program(s) (collectively, the “Software” solely for your own personal or business purposes on a single computer (whether a standard computer or a workstation component of a multi-user network) The Software is in use on a computer when it is loaded into temporary memory (RAM) or installed into permanent memory (hard disk, CD-ROM, or other storage device) WPI reserves all rights not expressly granted herein Ownership WPI is the owner of all right, title, and interest, including copyright, in and to the compilation of the Software recorded on the disk(s) or CD-ROM “Software Media” Copyright to the individual programs recorded on the Software Media is owned by the author or other authorized copyright owner of each program Ownership of the Software and all proprietary rights relating thereto remain with WPI and its licensers Restrictions On Use and Transfer (a) You may only (i) make one copy of the Software for backup or archival purposes, or (ii) transfer the Software to a single hard disk, provided that you keep the original for backup or archival purposes You may not (i) rent or lease the Software, (ii) copy or reproduce the Software through a LAN or other network system or through any computer subscriber system or bulletin- board system, or (iii) modify, adapt, or create derivative works based on the Software (b) You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Software You may transfer the Software and user documentation on a permanent basis, provided that the transferee agrees to accept the terms and conditions of this Agreement and you retain no copies If the Software is an update or has been updated, any transfer must include the most recent update and all prior versions Restrictions on Use of Individual Programs You must follow the individual requirements and restrictions detailed for each individual program in the About the CDROM appendix of this Book These limitations are also contained in the individual license agreements recorded on the Software Media These limitations may include a requirement that after using the program for a specified period of time, the user must pay a registration fee or discontinue use By opening the Software packet(s), you will be agreeing to abide by the licenses and restrictions for these individual programs that are detailed in the About the CD-ROM appendix and on the Software Media None of the material on this Software Media or listed in this Book may ever be redistributed, in original or modified form, for commercial purposes Limited Warranty (a) WPI warrants that the Software and Software Media are free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of sixty (60) days from the date of purchase of this Book If WPI receives notification within the warranty period of defects in materials or workmanship, WPI will replace the defective Software Media (b) WPI AND THE AUTHOR OF THE BOOK DISCLAIM ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE, THE PROGRAMS, THE SOURCE CODE CONTAINED THEREIN, AND/OR THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THIS BOOK WPI DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE ERROR FREE (c) This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction Remedies (a) WPI’s entire liability and your exclusive remedy for defects in materials and workmanship shall be limited to replacement of the Software Media, which may be returned to WPI with a copy of your receipt at the following address: Software Media Fulfillment Department, Attn.: PMP: Project Management Professional Study Guide, 3rd Edition., Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, or call 1-800-762-2974 Please allow four to six weeks for delivery This Limited Warranty is void if failure of the Software Media has resulted from accident, abuse, or misapplication Any replacement Software Media will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or thirty (30) days, whichever is longer (b) In no event shall WPI or the author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising from the use of or inability to use the Book or the Software, even if WPI has been advised of the possibility of such damages (c) Because some jurisdictions not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you U.S Government Restricted Rights Use, duplication, or disclosure of the Software for or on behalf of the United States of America, its agencies and/or instrumentalities “U.S Government” is subject to restrictions as stated in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252.227-7013, or subparagraphs (c) (1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.22719, and in similar clauses in the NASA FAR supplement, as applicable General This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties and revokes and supersedes all prior agreements, oral or written, between them and may not be modified or amended except in a writing signed by both parties hereto that specifically refers to this Agreement This Agreement shall take precedence over any other documents that may be in conflict herewith If any one or more provisions contained in this Agreement are held by any court or tribunal to be invalid, illegal, or otherwise unenforceable, each and every other provision shall remain in full force and effect To BB, my forever love —Kimmie Acknowledgments Thank you to the thousands of readers who have read previous editions of the PMP Study Guide and recommended it to their friends and co-workers Because of your success using the book in passing the PMP exam, we are able to continue to upgrade and refresh the Study Guide with tips and hints from readers and with the changes made by PMI Thank you also to all of the instructors and PMI chapters who use this book in their classes As always, a very special thank you to Neil Edde, Associate Publisher, for taking a chance on the first edition of this book and for giving me the opportunity to write it Thank you again for the opportunity to revise and update it This book clearly fits the definition of a project and the team at Sybex is the best project team on earth to work with I appreciate all the hard work and dedication everyone on the team put into producing this book First, a special thanks to Jeff Kellum, Acquisitions Editor, for overseeing this project and for his many suggestions that helped improve and strengthen the text Thank you also, for keeping everyone focused on the quick turn around time even though we faced some uncertainties in the midst of the project Thank you to Elizabeth Campbell for all her help managing the many, many activities that must be coordinated in order to finish on schedule She was very helpful throughout the process and didn’t scream when we found out close to the end of the project that some changes were needed to match up with newly published PMI materials Thanks to Judy Flynn, copyeditor, who did an outstanding job of helping me with all my grammatical blunders (She’ll probably even find some in this sentence!) She’s the best copyeditor I’ve ever worked with I appreciate her eye for detail and that she never told me “doh” after her suggestions Thanks also to all the behind the scenes team members including proofreader Nancy Riddiough, and the compositors at Happenstance Type-o-rama! I again had the pleasure of working with Claudia Baca who served as the technical editor for this edition Claudia was invaluable when helping me decipher areas of A Guide to the PMBOK that I questioned or weren’t clear to me Thank you, Claudia, for your help, suggestions, and contribution None of this would have been possible without the continued support and encouragement from my best friend in the whole world, BB I love you and there’s no one else I’d rather spend the rest of my life with Thank you to Bob and Terri, our best friends in all the earth, for your support and prayers—they’re always coveted Thanks to my sister Jill and hubby John and to Sam, Promise, and Destiny for their cheerleading behind the scenes Thank you mom and dad for giving me the love of reading; some of my best memories are story time And thanks also to the greatest children on the planet: Jason and Leah (our soon to be daughter-in-law), Noelle, and Amanda And I can’t forget the two best grandchildren anywhere in the universe, Kate and Juliette Thank you for your understanding of my limited availability and for your encouragement and support ... your receipt at the following address: Software Media Fulfillment Department, Attn.: PMP: Project Management Professional Study Guide, 3rd Edition., Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd.,... opportunity to revise and update it This book clearly fits the definition of a project and the team at Sybex is the best project team on earth to work with I appreciate all the hard work and dedication... producing this book First, a special thanks to Jeff Kellum, Acquisitions Editor, for overseeing this project and for his many suggestions that helped improve and strengthen the text Thank you also,