Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com i Western Esotericism in Scandinavia © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/9789004325968_001 www.Ebook777.com ii Brill Esotericism Reference Library Series editor Wouter J Hanegraaff The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/berl Western Esotericism in Scandinavia Edited by Henrik Bogdan Olav Hammer LEIDEN | BOSTON iii Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com iv Cover illustration: Magical sigil from the collection of King Charles XIII, used by permission of the Library and Archives of the Swedish Order of Freemasons Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bogdan, Henrik, editor Title: Western esotericism in Scandinavia / edited by Henrik Bogdan, Olav Hammer Description: Boston : Brill, 2016 | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2016002650 | ISBN 9789004302419 (hardback : alk paper) Subjects: LCSH: Occultism Scandinavia Encyclopedias Classification: LCC BF1434.S25 W47 2016 | DDC 135/.40948 dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016002650 Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill” See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface issn 2468-3566 isbn 978-90-04-30241-9 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32596-8 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa Fees are subject to change This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner www.Ebook777.com Contents Contents Contents List of Contributors xii Introduction 1 Henrik Bogdan and Olav Hammer Alchemy in Denmark 11 Morten Fink-Jensen in Finland 18 Tomas Mansikka in Norway 25 Gina Dahl in Sweden 33 Carl-Michael Edenborg Anthroposophy in Denmark 43 René Dybdal in Finland 49 Kennet Granholm in Norway 53 Ingvild Sælid Gilhus in Sweden 58 Håkan Lejon Astrology in the Early Modern Period in Denmark 64 Morten Fink-Jensen in Norway 70 Gina Dahl v vi Contents in Sweden 78 Kjell Lekeby Astrology in the Contemporary Period in Denmark 89 Kirstine Munk in Finland 98 Tom Sjöblom in Sweden 104 Jenny-Ann Brodin Danell Christian Theosophy in Denmark 113 Søren Feldtfos Thomsen in Finland 119 Tomas Mansikka in Norway 127 Jan-Erik Ebbestad Hansen in Sweden 137 Fabian Linde Freemasonry in Denmark 145 Andreas Önnerfors in Finland 152 Nils G Holm in Norway 162 Andreas Önnerfors in Sweden 168 Henrik Bogdan Contents Hermeticism in Denmark 182 Morten Fink-Jensen in Sweden 189 Susanna Åkerman Human Potential 195 Liselotte Frisk Jungianism 203 Suzanne Gieser Kabbalah in Denmark 212 Sara Møldrup Thejls in Sweden 218 Thomas Karlsson Magic in the Early Modern Period in Denmark 228 Morten Fink-Jensen in Finland 236 Tomas Mansikka in Sweden 244 Henrik Bogdan and Kjell Lekeby Martinus 254 Helle Bertelsen Mesmerism in Denmark 264 Søren Bak-Jensen in Norway 269 Tonje Maria Mehren vii viii in Sweden 285 Olav Hammer New Age in Denmark 292 Mikael Rothstein in Finland 301 Tom Sjưblom in Norway 307 Ingvild Sỉlid Gilhus in Sweden 313 Liselotte Frisk Occultism in Denmark 319 Sara Møldrup Thejls in Finland 324 Kennet Granholm in Norway 332 Geir Uldal and Geir Winje in Sweden 343 Kennet Granholm Paganism in Denmark 350 Benjamin Weber Pedersen in Finland 360 Titus Hjelm in Norway 367 Geir Uldal and Geir Winje Contents Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ix Contents in Sweden 380 Fredrik Gregorius Pansophy 390 Fabian Linde Paracelsianism in Denmark 402 Jole Shackelford in Finland 410 Tomas Mansikka in Norway 417 Gina Dahl in Sweden 425 Susanna Åkerman Rosicrucianism in the Early Modern Period in Denmark 431 Jole Shackelford in Sweden 439 Susanna Åkerman Rosicrucianism in the Contemporary Period in Denmark 445 Jacob Christiansen Senholt in Finland 448 Tom Sjöblom and Jussi Sohlberg in Norway 453 Kjersti Løken Satanism in Denmark 463 Jesper Aagaard Petersen www.Ebook777.com 684 Ryti, Risto Index Of Names 156, 501 Sabin, Thea 373, 379 Sabro, Axel 510, 519 Sælensminde, Nils 650 Saint-Germain, Count 16 Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de 142, 343, 461 Sala, Angelo 26, 29–30, 420 Salingre, Axel 154 Salingre, Gösta 154 Sallert, Ulla 105, 112 Salmesvuori, Päivi 125 Salomonsen, Jone 376, 379 Salvius, Johan Adler 193 Samuelsson, Bengt 586 Sandblad, Henrik 82, 88 Sandblad, Peter 314 Sandemo, Margit 309 Sanner, Inga 533, 586 Sascerides, Gellius 405 Sauso, Michel (Mikko) 124 Schäfer, Peter 22, 119–121, 123, 139, 415 Schager, Henrik 143 Scharff, Hans Jochum 26, 31, 420–421 Scharling, C Henrik 131, 135 Scheffer, Carl Fredrick 168–169 Scheibe, Johan Adolph 146 Scheible, J 242 Scheldrup, Michael 271 Schelling, Friedrich W.J 117, 124, 142 Schepelern, H.D 17, 438 Schildknecht, Johan Albert 522 Schioldann, Johan 499 Schiøtt, Anna 592 Schiøtz, Cato 54, 57 Schjelderup, Harald 203, 282 Schjelderup, Kristian 202 Schmeling, Max 469–470 Schmidt, Frederik 271, 284 Schmidt, Gudrun Marie 465, 473 Schmidt, Joachim 464, 473 Schmidt, Ulla 311 Schmitz, Oscar A.H 205, 211 Schneeberg, Hiebner von 75 Schneider, Heinrich 428, 430 Schofield, Clark 365 Scholem, Gershom 211, 223, 227 Schomerus, Petrus A 82, 88 Schönbeck, Carl Gustaf 289 Schönherr, Carl Johan 542 Schott, Caspar 418–419 Schubart, Johan Christian 148 Schubert, L 522 Schuchard, Marsha Keith 24 Schuon, Fritjof 618, 627 Schuré, Édouard 293 Schutz, William 196 Schröder, Johannes 26, 29–30 Schwarzkopf, Edvard 74 Schwenckfeld, Caspar 120, 421 Schybergson, Carl Magnus 238, 243 Scott, Gabriel 132–133, 135 Scribonius, Wilhelm 75 Seagrief, Derek 91, 215 Sederholm, Carl Robert 563 Segelcke, Wilhelm 515, 520 Sehested, Hannibal 15, 422 Seiling, Max 58 Sejersted, Jørgen Magnus 136, 423 Selander, Sven 592, 607 Sendivogius, Michael 21, 37, 427–429 Sennert, Daniel 14, 18, 29–30, 410, 412–415, 425–426 Seppo, Juha 363, 366 Sérusier, Paul 549 Sevänen, Erkki 306 Severinus, Petrus (Peder Sørensen) 6, 183–186, 403–409, 414, 420, 433 Shackelford, Jole 32, 77, 409, 424, 437 Shakti Gawain 313 Sheba, Lady 379 Shedd, Jonathan 327–328, 330, 602 Sheldrake, Rupert 652 Shotwell, Stuart 551–552 Shri Dadaji Mahendra Nath 338 Sibbern, Fredrik Christian 266 Sibelius, Jean 155 Siersbæk, Benny 593–594 Sigstedt, Cyriel O 552 Siitoin, Pekka 326–328, 330, 475, 598–599 Silesius, Angelus (Johann Scheffler) 115 Silfverhielm, Carl Göran 178, 291 Simberg, Hugo 549–550 Simon 337, 342 Simonsen, Terje G 57 Siren, Osvald 586 Index of Names Sixtus, Carl 274 Sixtus V, Pope 69 Sjallung, Grunddal 320–321 Sjöberg, Arne 381 Sjöblom, Tom 360–362, 364, 366 Sjöstedt, Carl I 508 Skaanes, Per Jakob 136 Skagen, Kaj 54 Skeie, J 32 Skomager Hans Rasmussen (Johannes Erasmi Hafniensis) 12 Skott, Fredrik 381, 389 Skov, Hans 408 Sky, Jeanette 520 Skytte, Bengt 192, 194, 397 Skytte, Johan 189, 249, 345, 397, 425–426 Slade, Henry 507, 510 Smit, Jørgen 46, 62 Smoley, Richard 537, 552 Snellman, Christian Henrik 124 Snellman, Johan Vilhelm 51, 124–126 Snitkjær, Aage 469, 473 Söderblom, Nathan 58, 530 Söderling, Carl 525 Söderlund, Irving 455, 459 Söderlund, Live 455, 459 Söderström, Isabella 195 Sofia Magdalena of Sweden 173 Sohlberg, Jussi 195, 330, 361, 365 Solitander, Axel 155 Solum, Øyvind 195, 201, 211 Søderlind, Didrik 471, 473, 482–483, 486, 488 Sørensen, Arthur 377, 379 Sørensen, Eli H 571, 577 Sørensen, Ernst 45 Sørensen, Lars Munk 464, 473 Sørensen, Marie Sisse 469, 473 Sørensen, Preben 559–560 Sorolainen, Ericus Erici 236 Southgate, Troy 616, 620 Spare, Austin Osman 340 Sparre, Agnes Martens 573 Spener, Philipp Jakob 120, 436 Sperling, Johannes 410, 414 Sperling, Otto 26 Spies, Johann 464 Spinoza, Baruch 133 685 Spole, Anders 84, 88 Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp 408 Sri Chinmoy 313 Staats, Reinhart 125 Stagnelius, Erik Johan 141 Ståhl, Anna-Brita 208, 211 Ståhl, Bo R 614 Stahl, Georg 408 Stai, Arne 520 Starhawk (Miriam Simos) 376 Starr, Martin P 341 Stausberg, Michael 244, 252 Stavnsbjerg, Holger 92–93 Steen, A 242–243 Steens, Jørgen 263 Steffen, Albert 45 Stead, William 511 Steiger, Brad 654 Steinarsson, Steinar (né Ormerud) 280–281 Steiner, Marie 45, 59 Steiner, Rudolf 9, 45–63, 133, 136, 260, 346, 399, 445–446, 527, 560, 571–572, 591–592 Steinsland, Gro 368, 372, 379 Steinsvik, Martha 53 Stenius, Henrik 153, 161 Stenius, Martinus Olavi 78, 83–84, 88 Steno, Anne Mia 350–351, 356–357, 359 Stenring, Knut 224, 227 Stensen, Niels (Nicolaus Steno) 15, 185 Stenudd, Stefan 105, 111–112 Stephensen, Kaare J.E 167 Stern, Bengt 200 Stewart, Gary L 453, 457, 459–460 Stewart, John 116, 117 Stewart, Jon 117 Stiernhielm, Georg 34, 78, 82, 191, 194, 392 Stiernstråle, Johannes Erici 83, 88 Stigsjöö, Staffan 663 Stjernecrantz, Arvid 246 Stjernecrantz, Christer Adrian 246 Stockenström, Göran 546, 552 Stockmann, Camilla 465, 473 Stodius, Martin 237–239 Stöffler, Johannes 68 Stolcius, Daniel 18 Storjohann, Hendrik 276, 507 Stotesbury, John A 306 Strachen, Joahn Julius von 26 686 Strand, Erling 651–652, 656, 659 Strandiger, Otto Lorentzen 115 Strindberg, August 17, 223, 227, 333, 544, 545–546, 552 Strokirch, Carl Michael von 140 Strömgren, Bengt 17, 69, 188 Strömgren, Elis 17, 69, 188 Strømholm, Folke 658–659 Strømme, Johannes Irgens 203–204, 206, 211 Strømnæss, Tom 517, 520 Strube, Jonna 293–294 Strube, Poul 293–294 Stuart, Charles Edward 168 Stuckrad, Kocku von 217, 323, 473 Sturzen-Becker, Oscar Patric 243 Sturzenbecher, Mårten 287–288 Suchten, Alexander von 420 Sundberg, Per 60, 586 Sundbro, Karin 109, 112 Sundén, Hjalmar 206, 211 Sundmark, Stina Fallberg 552 Sundqvist, G 528 Sundstrup, Arthur 446, 456 Sunesen, Anders 64, 70 Suolinna, Kirsti 452 Susitaival, Paavo 156 Sylvius, de le Boë 30, 413 Svanberg, Ingvar 349, 493, 665 Svedberg, Jesper 521, 536 Svegning, Peder Olufssøn 128, 136, 423 Sveinall, Arne Tord 312 Svendsen, Christian 555 Svendsen, Niels Chronich 113, 118 Svenonius, Enevald 238 Svensson, Niels 447 Svensson, Sten 181 Svensson, Sven Frederik Fischer 91, 97 Swach, Conrad Nicolai 271 Swami Deva Satyarthi 202 Swedenborg, Emanuel 7–8, 20–21, 23, 39, 40, 85, 124, 141, 189, 286–287, 343, 440, 500, 506, 517, 520–521, 534–553, 625, 638–639 Synnerdahl, Anna 527 Szacinski, Ludwik 275–276 Szalczer, Eszter 586 Szasz, Tomas 206 Szöllösi, Ferenc 90, 97 Index Of Names Szondi, Leopold 206 Takanen, Mirva 305–306 Tandberg, Hans Andreas 281, 284 Tassel, George van 656 Tauler, Johannes 130, 421 Taxil, Leo 466 Tejblum, Jaquelin 299 Telle, Joachim 17, 444 Tenhiälä, Juho 646 Teodorani, Massimo 652–653, 659 Terserus, Johannes 236, 238–239 Tessin, Carl Gustaf 85 Teting, Nicolaus 407 Texeira de Friars, Joao 503 Thanatos, Frater 334 Thauvonius, Abraham 413 Thejls, Sara Møldrup 217, 323, 473 Thiis, Benedicte 201 Thiis, Harald 201 Thölde, Johann 26 Thomas Kempis 130, 421 Thorson, Edred (Stephen Flowers) 328–329 Thorstensen, Karen-Sofie 654, 659 Thorstensen, Toyah S 338 Thue, Andreas 26 Thuronius, Andreas 238–239, 414 Thustrup, Henning Carl Ludvig 169–172, 181 Thyberg, Stina 208 Tigerstedt, Robert 416 Tikkanen, Elisa 98, 101–103 Til-landz, Elias 413 Tillhagen, Carl-Herman 88 Tingley, Katherine 8, 581–583 Tjørnum, Gilbert 90, 97 Tode, Johan Clemens 265, 267 Tolle, Eckhart 314 Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen Tolstadius, Erik 139–140, 142, 246 Tolstoy, Leo 450 Tompkins, Arthur S 154 Topi, Topi Aarnio 336 Torgny, Leo 531 Törnebohm, Alfred Elis 522 Torstenson, Bernt Christian Svedrup 276, 282–283, 507–509, 512–513, 519–520, 570 Tørum, Gro-Helen 517–518, 520 Touche, D’Aillant de la 545 687 Index of Names Treschow, Niels 164, 271 Trevisanus, Bernhard 18, 35 Triantafillou, Peter 499 Trismosin, Salomon 239 Trithemius, Johann 421 Trolle, Fredrika Viveka 39 Trollnäs, John 180 Tulk, Johan August 41 Tullmann, Carl Adolph 146 Tuomola, Martti 51 Turck, Johan 422 Turning, Svend 446–447, 455 Tusberg, Harald 515 Tuulse, Lena Kristina 195, 198–199, 202, 315, 318 Tuulse, Tomas 315 Tuxen, Christian 540 Tvedt, Tore W 372 Tveito, Lill-Hege 368–379 Tveitt, Geirr 368 Tybeck, Johan 538, 541, 543 Überfeld, Jojann Wilhelm 124 Udd, Heli 502, 505 Uddin, Johannes 528 Uhl, Marie 545 Uldal, Geir 312, 342, 367, 379 Uldall, Frederik 638 Ulfvenklou, Henrik Gustaf 41, 246, 248–249, 252, 521 Ulstadius, Lars (Laurentius) 119–121, 123, 139 Unonius, Olavus 426 Ussing, Kristian 465, 472 Ussing, Troels 47 Uzcategui, Óscar 600 Vaczy, Jesper Kragh 499 Vad, Hr 469–470, 472 Valentinus, Basilius 19, 186 Valerius, Bertha 522–523 Valiente, Doreen 374 Valkner, Kristen 77, 136, 424 van den Broek, Roland 330, 349 van Gogh, Vincent 624 van Helmont, Johann Baptist 26, 28–30, 413, 417–421 Vanloo, Robert 444 Var, Jean-Franỗois 177 Vasa, Gustav Eriksson, of Sweden 4, 33 Vedfelt, Lene 200 Vedfelt, Ole 200 Veibel, Stig 409 Vejs-Petersen, Søren 589 Vesenterä, Artturi 599 Viken, Alexander 620 Vikernes, Varg 384, 483–484, 616, 621 Viking, Anna 592 Viking, Otto 557, 592, 607 Vil, Ike 331 Villanova, Arnald of 186 Villoms, Sigbrit 11 Vilstrup, Uffe 562, 590 Vindheim, Jan 333, 342 Virgil 419 Viro, Voitto 647 Vivekananda, Swami 293 Vlad 490 Vollrath, Hugo 445 Vorilhon, Claude 661 Vossius, Isaac 190 Vouis, Alfred 500 Vuorela, Mikkel 634, 639 Vuorila, Heikki 302, 306 Waage, Peter Normann 54, 57 Waal, Nic 279 Wachsmut, Günther 45 Wachtmeister, Constance 579 Wadström, Carl Bernhard 286, 538, 540 Waerland, Are 60, 314 Wahlberg, Clara 58 Wahlström, Lydia 206 Waite, Arthur Edward 349 Wallace, Alfred Russell 508 Walleen-Bornemann, Carl Alphonse 319 Wallem, Fredrik B 284 Wallen, Carl 44 Wallen, Soffy 44 Wallenberg, Jakob 22–23, 123–125 Wallenkamph, F.C.W 528 Wallerius, Johan Gottschalk 37–38, 193 Wallis, Roy 649 Wallmann, Johannes 126, 438 Wamberg, Eli 446 Warburg, Margit 359 Waris, Menna 302, 306 688 Wargentin, Wilhelm 240 Warmind, Morten 351, 353–354, 356, 359 Wassenius, Johannes 237 Wassini, Yvonne 588 Wasumäki, Isak 123–124 Wecker, Johan Jackob 26 Wedgwood, James I 572, 599, 606 Wegge, Erik 340 Wegman, Ita 50 Wegner, Willy 630, 639 Weigel, Valentin 79, 81, 114, 120, 127, 130, 134, 139, 411–412, 415, 421, 431, 433 Weiking, Knud 635–636, 657 Weisæth, Gunnar 76 Weishaupt, Adam 179 Weltheim, Peter von 326–327 Wendell, Alarik 564 Wendt, Christian Wilhelm 266 Wennergren, Kristina 633 Wenngren, Sven 536 Weor, Samael Aun (Victor Manuel Gómez Rodríguez) 224, 600 Wereide, Thorstein 514, 520 Wergeland, Henrik 271 Werlauff, E.C 17 Werner, Amalia Andrea 525 Westen, Arnoldus von 26 Westen, Thomas von 418 Westerlund, David 349, 493, 665 Wetterstrand, Otto G 282, 290, 524 Wiberg, Laila 385 Wier, Johannes 240 Wikström, Lester 614 Wilenius, Ajami 51 Index Of Names Wilenius, Reijo 51 Wilhelm, Ivan 108, 110 Wilkinson, James John Garth 545, 552 Willermoz, Jean-Baptiste 177–178, 343, 461 Williams-Hogan, Jane 548–549, 552 Willis, Courtney 337 Wimmer, August 496–497, 499 Winde, Birgitte (Valvanne) 557 Winde, Jørgen 557–558 Wingfield, David 617 Winje, Geir 312, 342, 367, 379, 453, 462 Winther, Christian 497, 499 With, Martin Rasmus 270 Wohl, Louis de 90, 97 Woldenberg, Jacob 28–30, 417 Wolf, Ole 470–471, 473 Wolfart, Karl Christian 269–270 Wolfe, Lola D 334 Worm, Ole 406–407, 433–434, 438 Wrede Sparre, Axel 168 Wriedt, Etta 511–512 Yates, Frances A 401, 427, 430, 444 York, Michael 350, 359 Zander, Gustaf 563–564, 578–580 Zeeberg, Peter 409 Zeger, Magdalene 67–68 Zeger, Thomas 68 Zeipel, Hugo von (Henry T Laurency) 612–613, 664–666 Zettersten, Axel 583 Zetzner, Lazarus 28–29, 418 Zevi, Sabbatai 221 Zinglersen, Sam 263 Zobel, Henriette 296, 300 Zwelfer, Johan 26, 30, 418, 420 of subjects Index ofIndex Subjects 689 Index of Subjects Aarhus Blótlaug 354 adulruna 219, 245 A.E Carlssons fưrening 525 Aetherius Society 635, 636 Afspændingspædagogisk Institut, see Skolen for Kropsdynamik Agni Vajra Yama Grand Lodge 338–339 Alchemy 75, 80, 82, 85, 105, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138, 140, 141, 148, 163, 171, 173, 178, 183, 185, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 209, 213, 218, 219, 226, 247, 297, 313, 345, 402, 404, 411, 417, 419, 422, 425–420, 431, 440–443, 449, 486, 539–540, 546, 601; in Denmark 11–17, in Finland 18–24, in Greenland 30–31, in Norway 25–32, in Sweden 33–42 Allan Kardecin opin ystävät ry 503 Allgermanische heidnische Front 615, 621 Almanacs, see astrological calendars Alternativt Nettverk 310–311, 377 AMORC, see Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC) Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC) 344, 445, 446, 448, 449, 453, 454–460 Ängsbacka festival 200, 316, 375 Anholt affair 465 Anthroposophic banking 46–47, 55 Anthroposophic curative education 60 Anthroposophic medicine 50, 60 Anthroposophy 9, 591–592; in Denmark 43–48, in Finland 49–52, in Norway 53–57, in Sweden 58–63 Antroposofisk Selskap 54 apocalypticism 19, 20, 22, 23, 35, 27, 34, 37, 69, 76, 80, 85, 120–121, 123, 129, 138–139, 178, 241, 295, 391, 398, 411, 415, 421, 422, 426–429, 439, 440, 442, 481, 483, 604, 634–635, 645, 647–648 Arcane Magical Order of the Knights of Shambala 338, 340 Arcane School 609–610 archeus 419 Argentum Astrum 321, 335 Aristotelianism 83–84, 182–184, 186, 403, 405–407, 410–412, 414, 415, 425, 433–434, 436 ArunA Academy 310 Asatro 351, 352–354, 362, 368–373 Asatrofællesskabet i Danmark 353 Asatrofællesskabet Yggdrasil 353 Asatru, see Asatro Asatru Folk Assembly 354 Asatrufelleskapet Bifrost 369–371 Asatrúsamfundet 352 Åsbacka Center for Shamanic Healing 355 Ashtar Command 655–656, 658, 662 Association for Professional Astrologers in Finland, the 100–102 Astarte Education 310, 516 Astarte Inspiration, see Astarte Education Astrological Association of Finland 99–100 astrological calendars 65–66, 69, 70, 78, 80, 84–86, 410, 411 Astrologinätverket Prometheus 109 Astrologiska förbundet 108 Astrologskolen 91 astrology 6, 11, 34, 37, 41, 138, 207–208, 215, 216, 218, 222, 247, 295, 304, 310, 412, 429, 515, 573, 598; contemporary in Denmark 89–97, in Finland 98–103, in Sweden 104–112, early modern in Denmark 64–69, in Norway 70–77, in Sweden 78–88 Astrology House, the 93 Astrology Museum, the 93 Athene Oasis 321 Augsburg Confession 402, 432–433, 436 auras 296, 297, 310 Aurvanga Teosofisk Samfunn 571 automatic writing 309, 496, 512, 523, 525 Azazelin tähti 328, 478, 599 Balt Oasis 334 baquet 270 Baravara institute 199 Bergen UFO-forening 650 Bergman circle 142–143 © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/9789004325968_085 690 Biodynamic farming in Denmark 46, in Finland 52, in Norway 55, in Sweden 60– 63 Black Metal 384, 464, 465, 468, 476, 477, 481, 482–484, 489–492, 616, 621 Blindern Åsatrolag 369 blót 352, 353, 356, 369, 370 Bodynamic Institut 200 Bog og Mystik 294 Bohemian Unity of Brethren 391 Böhme, influence of, see Christian Theosophy Borch’s Kollegium 187 Breidablikk-gildet 381 bricolage 477–479, 655, 657–658 Buddhism 198, 297, 307, 313, 580, 584, 598, 625 Builders of the Adytum 226, 340, 461 Café Pan 199, 316 Café Vega 199 Caliphate OTO 315, 332, 346 Calvinism 30, 137, 240, 394, 396, 432 Cartesianism 37, 84, 241, 414 Casa de Dom Inacion ystävät ry 503 Catholicism 33, 128, 132, 137, 236, 240, 391, 398, 402, 432 Center for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology 290 Center for Mielikki and Hare, The 361 Center for the Study of Extraterrestrial Intelligence 651 Centrum för Jungiansk Psykologi 208 chakras 297, 298, 601, 641 channelling 299, 502, 516, 588 chiliasm, see apocalypticism Choronzon Club 340 Christian Community in Finland 47, in Norway 55, in Sweden 58, 60 Christian Science 510 Christian Theosophy 28, 34, 226, 420–421, 422; in Denmark 113–118, in Finland 119–126, in Norway 127–136, in Sweden 137–144 Chtulhu mythos 336–337 Church of Satan 464, 469–471, 475, 478, 482, 485, 489 Church of the Soul 524 Index Of Subjects Church Universal and Triumphant 611, see also Summit Lighthouse clairvoyance 53, 264–266, 269, 271–273, 287–290, 296, 298–299, 303–304, 510, 524, 528, 536, 549, 637 clairvoyant, see clairvoyance Clermont system of Freemasonry 147 contactees 295, 632, 634–636, 641–645 core shamanism 354 Cosmic convergence 298–299 Counter-Reformation 431, 432, 436 Court of Aine 386 Court of Joy 385–386 Craft degrees of Freemasonry 146, 147, 148, 155, 158, 165, 169, 170, 177 Crimson Circle 594, 601 crop circles 647 Cyprianus – Netværk for hekse i Danmark 357 Damanhur spiritual community 516 Daniel Kirken 296, 591 Danish Association for Psychoanalysis 204 Danish Law Code of 1683 232 Dansk Astrologforening 92 Dansk Interplanetarisk Selskab for Contact 633 Dansk Magnetopathisk Forening 267 Danske Frie og Uafhængige Murere 321 Danske Spiritisters Kirkesamfund 494–495 De Fem 526 deep ecology 308 DELU 249, 461 Den Astrologiske Skole 92 Den Danske Frimurerorden 145 Den Danske Stor-Orient af gamle og antagne frie Murere 320 Den esoteriska vägen 610 Den Frie Universelle Kirke 593 Den Gyldne Cirkel 588–589 Den lysende cirkel 587–588 Den Norske Orden av Rosen og Korset 460 Den nye kirken, see New Church Den Spirite Forening Benjamin Franklin 509 Den spiritistiske forening 508 Det Danske Frimurerlaug 145 Det norske åsatrusamfunn 371–372 Index of Subjects Det Norske Spirite Samfund 508, 570 Det norske spiritistiske selskab 513 Det Ukendtes Boghandel 294 Deva Center 199, 317 Dialogcenteret 463, 465 Disclosure Project 651 Donner Institute and Library 51 Dragon Rouge 226, 322, 326, 337, 347–348, 380, 479 dream interpretation, see oneiromancy Druids of Scania 386 East & West 313 Ecclesia Gnostica Apostolica 339 Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica 320, 321, 335, 339 Ecclesia Gnostica Spiritualis 321, 467 Edelweissförbundet 523, 526 Ekliptika 92 elements, theories of 66, 80–81, 220, 248, 391, 411–412, 414, 420, 426 end-time prophecies, see apocalypticism engrams 203 Enlightenment 38, 140, 152, 287, 429, 443, 534, 541, 628 Era Nova 303 Esalen Institute 195, 196 Eschatology, see apocalypticism Esoteric Order of Dagon 337 Esoteric satanism 466–471, 491 Exegetiska och Philantropiska sällskapet 286–287, 521, 540–542 Exopolitics Denmark 638–639 Félag Ásatruarmanna 369 Fellowship of Isis 361 feng shui 304, 310, 315 Finnish Free Wicca Association, see Suomen vapaa Wiccayhdyskunta First Spiritual Temple, The 510 Flodberg circle 143 Foreningen Forn Sed 371 Foreningen Hekse 357 Föreningen Självhjälp 528 Föreningen Spiritistisk Mission, see Sällskapet Sanningssökarna Foreningen til Undersøgelse af de såkaldte Spiritistiske Fỉnomener 494 691 Fưreningen Veronica 327, 598 Formula of Concord 397, 432, 434, 435 forn sed, see Asatro Forn Siðr 320, 352, 357 Forum 2000 201 Foundation for Shamanic Studies Denmark 355 Fourth Way 324–325 Fraternitas Rosicruciana Antiqua 339 Fredagsgruppen 526 Frederiksberg UFO Studiekreds 299, 637 Freemasonry 7, 41, 141, 213, 223, 226, 242, 245–249, 286–287, 319–321, 443, 451, 467, 572, 596; in Denmark 145–151, in Finland 152–161, in Norway 162–167, in Sweden 168–181 Freya Rose Croix Kapittel 334 Fria Universella Kyrkan i Sverige 607 Fribyggarorden 542 Friends of the C.G Jung Foundation 208 Frit UFO Studium, see Frederiksberg UFO Studiekreds Gaia center 199 galdr 329, 370, 376 Galenism 12, 68, 184, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 410, 414, 434 Galleri Medmera 198, 199, 315, 316 Gate of Heaven Chapel 502 GEEAK-Norge, see Gruppen for Spiritistiske studier Allan Kardec gematria 216, 221 Gensidig Terapi 201 Gere and Freke Camp 320 Gestalt Academy in Scandinavia 197 Ghanaian Order of the Rose Cross 460 Gilalai Institut for Energi og Bevidsthed 297 glocalisation 2, 292, 458 Goddess Movement 375–376 Golden Circle 297 Golden Rosy Cross, see Ordo Aurea & Rosae Crucis Göteborg GICOFF 660 Göteborgs Hedniska Nätverk 387 Gothicism 218, 220 Gran Oriente Latinoamericano (GOLa) 181 grimoires 216, 244, 248, 249, 251–252, 322, 327, 335 692 Gruppen för Spiritistiska Studier Allan Kardec – Sverige 532 Gruppen for Spiritistiske studier Allan Kardec 516 Gudindebevægelsen 356, see also Goddess Movement Gurdjieff-seura 325 Hälsans Hus 314 Hälsofrämjandet 314 Harmoniska societeten 286 Harparkrat Cyber-Temple 344 Harreskovens Blotgilde 354 Healerskolen 297 healing 50, 53, 199, 214, 235, 271, 273–281, 287–288, 291, 294–296, 298–299, 303–304, 309–310, 314, 355–356, 363, 370, 376–378, 449, 503, 507, 561, 578 Heathenism, see Asatro Hedniska Nätverket Vitka 387 Heimdals Sønner og Døtre 352 Hekselogen Isikaja 356–357 Helsingin ufoyhdistys 642 Hermeticism 34, 37, 38, 66, 76, 78, 80, 82, 137, 141, 212–213, 233, 234, 391, 392, 397, 411, 417, 419, 422, 429, 440, 446; in Denmark 182–188, in Sweden 189–194 Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 225–226, 250, 320, 321, 322, 333, 335, 340, 343, 344–346, 461 Hermetic School of Kabbalah, The 225 Herrnhutism 140 Hessdalen, see Project Hessdalen Hiidenkirnu 362 Hilma af Klint Stiftelsen 527 Hinduism 293, 308, 513, 628 Hippocratic medicine 68, 408, 412, 413 holism 48–50, 100, 195, 208, 310, 376, 392, 502, 515, 584, 656 Holistisk Forbund 311, 376 Holistiskt Center 315 Human-Etisk Forbund 311, 376 Human Potential Movement 195–202, in Denmark 200–201, in Finland 202, in Norway 201–202, in Sweden 197–200 humanistic psychology 195 Humaniversity 200 Hylozoics 612–613, 664–665 Index Of Subjects hypnosis 269, 272, 274–276, 282, 289–290, 524 I AM Activity, The 610–611, 657 iatrochemistry 12–14, 26, 30, 67–68, 182, 185–186, 407–408, 410, 413; see also Paracelsianism I.C Institute 90–91 Ifa religion 339 Ifologiska Sällskapet 663 IGAP, see International Get Acquainted Program IGF, see Intergalaktiska Federationen Ihminen Tunnustajat 597–598 ILIANA Nordic Academy 310 Illuminates of Thanateros 337 Illuminati 179 Illuminism 247, 443 Institut for Integreret Psykoterapi og Kybernetisk Psykologi 200 Institute for Analytical Psychology 209 Institutet för hylozoiska studier, see Hylozoics Institutet för medicinsk psykologi och psykoterapi 205 Intergalaktiska Federationen 663, 664 International Get Acquainted Program 633 International Society of Business Astrologers 93 International Spiritualist Federation 501 Interplanetistit ry 642 Isänmaallinen kansanrintama 327, 598 Islam 221, 625, 627 Julia’s Bureau 511, 512 Jumalten Ystävät 361 Jungianism 105, 197, 200, 203–211, 225, 297, 347, 383, 384, 594 Kaariportti kappeliyhdistys ry 502 Kaariporttiystävät 502 kabbalah 28, 34, 39, 40, 41, 138, 141, 171, 173, 179, 240, 245, 247, 321, 328, 345, 348, 349, 441, 486, 601; in Denmark 212–217, in Sweden 218–227 Kabbalah Centre 225 Kamadon Academy 224 Kansallis-mytologinen yhdistys 327, 599 Kapalik rDorje Ordo Magica 339–340 Index of Subjects Karatas society 324 karma 61, 105, 255, 307, 449, 450, 504, 599, 600, 606, 641 Kirkkavihreä ry 362 Kirurgiska societeten 285 Koijärvi Movement 301 konventikelplakatet 7, 139–140 Kosmos Koloni, see Martinus Centre Krishnamurti Center 608 Krishnamurti Foundation 575 Kristosofia, see Kristosofinen Kirjallisuusseura Kristosofinen Kirjallisuusseura 597 Krystalsolen 591 KulturOrgan Skandinaujo 615, 621–622 La Couleuvre Noire 337 La Sainte Parole 178 Le Droit Humain (LDH) 180 Lectorium Rosicrucianum 447, 448–449, 450 Left Hand Path 326, 329, 348, 470, 475, 478–479, 491 Lehto ry 361 Les Illuminés d’Avignon 176, 178–179 Lev i Lyset 591 Liberal Catholic Church 296, 557, 573, 592–593, 599–600, 605, 606–607 Liberal Katolsk Kirke, see Liberal Catholic Church Liekinpitäjien veljeskunta 600 Life University 199 Lila Aropa, se Agni Vajra Yama Grand Lodge Living School of Kabbalah 225 Logen den hvide lotus 562 L’Ordre des Élus Coëns 177–178 Lorjanar 356 Lotus Circles 582 Lucis Trust 609 Lutheranism 5, 78, 113–114, 119, 120, 137, 390, 432, 537 magic, contemporary forms of, see entries on Occultism, Paganism and Satanism magic, early modern 13, 18, 19, 20, 23, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 131, 138, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 182, 185–186, 190, 213, 218–220, 222, 223, 225, 693 286–287, 441–442; in Denmark 228–235, in Finland 236–243, in Sweden 244–253 Malmö Astrologiförening 109 Malteser-Triangeln, see I AM Activity Måndagsgruppen 314 Mandala Senter 201, 310 Martinism 108, 213, 226, 319, 343, 344, 345, 460, 461, 467, 524 Martinus Centre 257–259 Martinus Cosmology 254–263, 299, 315, 587, 591 Martinus Institute 259–261, 297 Matsyananda Jagrthii Tantrik Pracaraka Sangha 339 meditation 71, 72, 73, 211, 264, 255, 258–259, 298, 303, 304, 308–309, 317, 447, 449, 455, 560, 561, 573, 576, 585, 588, 593, 604, 640 mediums, see Spiritualism Melchizedek Method 224 Men of Hagal, The 368 Merlinorden, see Svenska Misraimförbundet Mesmerism 7–8, 443, 510, 540, 541; in Denmark 264–268, in Norway 269–284, in Sweden 285–291 Metatron 7, 20, 222–223, 245–246, 663 millenarianism, see apocalypticism mnemism 203 mindfulness 198, 315, 317 Misantropiska Lucifer Orden 226, 490–491 Moravian Brothers 421, 422, 536 Mysteria Mystica Maxima 334–335 Mystics of Ostrobothnia 122–124 Naasseniske Gnostiske Synode 467 Näckrosen 313 National Socialism 145, 152, 156, 165, 206, 326–327, 368, 475, 598–599, 616–622, 624 Naturphilosophie 18, 36, 116, 273, 287–288, 392 Nätverket Forn Sed 383–384 Nazism, see National Socialism necromancy 250 Nekropolis 321 Neljäs Tie Suomessa 325 Neo-Luciferian Church 321, 467 Neoplatonism 36, 78, 80, 82, 190, 403, 411 Neoshamanism 351, 354–356, 376–378 694 NETI, see Norwegian Organisation for the study of Extraterrestrial Intelligences New Age 223; in Denmark 93, 292–300, in Finland 301–306, in Norway 307–312, in Sweden 313–318 New Age fairs 295, 302–304 New Church 506, 517, 545 New Thought 195 Nidhvg Camp 334 No Mind Festival 316 Nordic Kabbalah 218–220 Nordisk Paganistforbund 373 Nordisk Spiritualistisk Union 531 Nordisk Tingsfællig 353 Nordiska Förbundet 616, 620 Nordiska Ringen, se Norröna Samfundet Nordiska Yogainstitutet 315 Nordiskt Psykoterapeutiskt Kollegium (NPK) 204, 206 Nordsolen 615 Norröna Samfundet 384 Norsk Hedensk Front 621 Norsk metapsykisk selskab 282 Norsk Psykodramaskole 201 Norsk selskap for parapsykologisk forskning 515 Norsk Spiritualist Forening 517 Norsk Spiritualistisk Trossamfunn 517 Norsk Teosofisk Forbund 571 Norsk UFO Center 650 Norwegian Order of Freemasons 162, 165 Norwegian Order of the Star in the East 572 Norwegian Organisation for the study of Extraterrestrial Intelligences 651, 653–655 Norwegian Psychoanalytic Society 203 Norwegian Satanic Society 484–485 numerology 40, 106, 110, 132, 138, 224, 304 Nuoret mystikot 600 Nya Kyrkans Bekännare 545, see also New Church Nya Kyrkans eller Det Nya Jerusalems Församling 545, see also New Church Occultism 223; in Denmark 319–323, in Finland 324–331, in Norway 332–342, in Sweden 343–349 odic force 273, 278 Index Of Subjects Odins Hird 352 Økofeministerne 356 oneiromancy 40, 200, 204, 208, 518, 534, 539 Oraansuojelijat 301 Orden des Gold- und Rosenkreutzes 17 Ordenen Stjernen i Øst, see Order of the Star in the East Order of Nine Angles 478 Order of the Martinists, see Martinism Order of the Star in the East 53, 572, 573–574, 592, 608 Ordo Aurea & Rosae Crucis 320, 440, 441–442, see also Orden des Gold- und Rosenkreutzes Ordo Illuminatorum 485–487 Ordo Primæ Lucis 226 Ordo Templi Orientis 225, 319, 320, 332, 333, 334–336, 380, 386 Ordo Templi Orientis Antiqua 320, 333, 337 Ordo Templi Satanas 485–486 Ordre Kabbalistique de la Rose Croix 320 Ordre Reaux Croix 226, 344, 345, 461 orgone 201, 279 Orthon Movement 634–636, 657 Osho movement 197–202, 310, 314, 316 Osho Risk 201 Oulun UFO-kerho 643 Paganism 322, 346; in Denmark 350–359, in Finland 360–366, in Norway 367–379, in Sweden 380–389 Pagan Federation Sweden 387 Pajkull affair 36–37 Pakanatieto ry 363 Pakanaverkko ry 325, 361, 477–478 pansophy 34, 390–401 Paracelsianism 6, 12–13, 18, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 66, 68, 73–75, 80–81, 114, 130–131, 137, 139, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 192, 233, 234, 431, 433, 434, 435–436, 443; in Denmark 402–409, in Finland 410–416, in Norway 417–424, in Sweden 425–430 Pegasos seura 327, 598 Pekka Ervastin kannatusliitto 597 perennialism 212, 329, 451, 454, 596, 615, 617, 624–628 P.F.S Allah-Gehbar 525 Philippists 432–444 Index of Subjects philosopher’s stone 14, 20, 26, 30, 36, 40 Pietism 6–7, 19, 22–23, 31, 36, 39, 113–115, 119–120, 127, 129, 137–140, 142, 435–436 Platonism 72, 75, 80, 82, 190–191, see also neo-Platonism Pohjan neito encampment 325 Pohjoismainen pakanaliitto 361 Pohjolan Valo 598 Polaris Centret 593 poltergeist phenomena 497, 506 postmodernism 94–95, 134, 335, 337, 370, 378, 458 prisca theologia 186, 439 Pro Fide et Charitate 542–543 Project Hessdalen 652–653, 657 prophecy, see apocalypticism Protocols of the Elders of Zion 166 pseudo-Satanism 477; see also Reactive paradigmatically conform Satanism Psychogenetics 206 Psychologische Gesellschaft 509 Raëlian movement 636, 661–662 Raja Yoga 581 Rajatiedon yhteistyöryhmä 301, 302, 643, 644 Rationalist Satanism 466–471, 484–485, 490, 491 Reactive paradigmatically conform Satanism 463–466, 491 Reformation (Lutheran) 64, 68, 78, 88, 182, 228, 236, 426 reincarnation 292, 450, 495, 503, 504, 509, 599, 600, 641 Riksorganisationen UFO-Sverige 660 Rite of Memphis 180, 339 Romanticism 117, 127, 131–132, 142, 267, 368, 380, 565 Rönnmåne 386 Rose Cross Order 449 Rosenkreutzer-Gesellschaft in Deutschland, see Rosicrucian Society in Germany Rosicrucian Fellowship 445–446 Rosicrucian Order 449 Rosicrucian Order of Alpha+Omega 344–345 Rosicrucian Society in Germany 445 695 Rosicrucians, early modern 179, 393; in Denmark 431–438, in Sweden 439–444 Rosicrucians, contemporary groups in Denmark 445–447, in Finland 448–452, in Norway 453–462 Round Table, The 573 Rudolf Steiner Seminar 46 rune cross 219 Rune-Gild 328–330 runes 34, 82, 138, 218–219, 226, 251, 303, 329–330, 370, 440 Ruusu-Risti 449, 450–452, 566, 567, 595–597 sabateans 221 Sällskapet för parapsykologisk forskning 531 Sällskapet för pastoralpsykologi 205 Sällskapet för psykisk forskning 500 Sällskapet Sanningssökarna 528 Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed 383 Samfundet Forn Sed 381–383, 388 Sami religion 377–378 Sammenslutningen af Fagastrologer 92 Santería 338 Sarielgruppen 591 Satanic Order, The 490 Satanic Reds 470 Satanisk Forum 470–471 Satanism 226, 321, 326–328, 337, 362, 598–599, 621, 647; in Denmark 463–473, in Finland 474–480, in Norway 481–488, in Sweden 489–493 Satanism panic 463–464, 474, 476, 481–482, 491–493, 647 Scandinavia, geographical delimitation of 3–5 Scandinavian Center for Shamanic Studies 355 Scanian Church Law 228 School of Spiritual Science 62 Scientology 636 Scottish degrees of Freemasonry 146, 149, 155, 158, 159, 165, 169, 176–177, 180, 443 Sealandian Church Law 228 Search for Extraterrestrial Visitation 653 seid 370, 381 sephiroth 220, 222, 224, 225, 348 Servants of the Light 346 SETV, see Search for Extraterrestrial Visitation 696 Shamaaniseura ry 361 Shamanistisk Forbund – Danmark 355 Shamanselskabet Danmark 355 Shan the Rising Light 297, 587–588, 589 Share International 604–605 Sindalgruppen 591 Sirius Center 589 Sirius group, see Jumalten Ystävät Sjamanistisk Forbund 377 Skandinavisk Astrologi Skole 92 Skandinavisk UFO Information 632–634, 635, 636 Skandinaviska Teosofiska Samfundet 579 Skevik group 122, 140 Skogsstjärna, see Court of Joy Skolen for Kropsdynamik 200 Societas Misraim, see Svenska Misraimförbundet Society for Psychical Research 496, 497, 498, 508, 511, 513, 524 Society of Inner Light 346 Sodalitas Rosæ Crucis 226, 340, 345, 461 Solbjerg Blótlaug 354 Solens Hjerte 298 Solis Alati 345, 461 Solsökehem kursgård 261 Solvervcenter 201 somnambulism, mesmeric 264–270, 273–274, 288–289, 507, 521 sophianic mysticism 115, 120, 123 sorcery, see witchcraft spagyric medicine, see Paracelsianism Sphinxen 319 Spiritistisk Broderskab 495 Spiritistiska Lånesällskapet 522 Spiritistiska Litteraturföreningen 522, 523 Spiritual Growth associations 501 Spiritualism 8, 275, 276–278, 282, 296, 324, 343, 570, 633; in Denmark 494–499, in Finland 500–505, in Norway 506–520, in Sweden 521–533 Spiritualistiska föreningen 524 Spiritualistiska Riksförbundet 529, 530 Spiritualistiska Riksförbundet för Andlig Utveckling 532 Spiritualistiska Sällskapet 529 Spiritualistkretsen Johannes Budbärare 525 Spirituelt Center 590 Index Of Subjects Sprengelrecht 164 St Andrew’s lodges 164, 169 Star Coloniy 573 Stewards’ lodges 159, 164, 170, 175 Stiftelsen KOSMOS – Varhem 261 Stiftelsen Martinus Institut 261, 315 Stiftelsen Stjärnsund 315 Stiftelsen Tibetanens Bokfond 609–610 Strict Observance 147–149, 163, 171–173, 177 Stockholms Spiritualistiska Förening 528, 530, 531 Stoicism 84, 134, 403, 411 Strubes boghandel 303 Sufism 143, 625–628 SUFOI, see Skandinavisk UFO Information Summit Lighthouse movement 593, 600, 603–604, 611–612 Sun-ether 278 Suomen kansanparantajaseura ry 363 Suomen kansanuskon yhdistys ry 362 Suomen parapsykologinen tutkimusseura ry 501 Suomen Spiritualistinen Seura ry 501 Suomen ufotutkijat ry 643, 644, 645 Suomen vapaa Wiccayhdyskunta 361, 363–365 Svensk Hednisk Front 621 Svenska föreningen för klinisk hypnos 290 Svenska föreningen för Klinisk och Experimentell Hypnos 290 Svenska Frimurare Lägret 180 Svenska Misraimförbundet 346 Svenska Satanistkyrkan 490 Svenska Spiritualisters Riksförbund 531 Svenska Teosofiska Samfundet 579, 580, 581 Sveriges Asatrosamfund, see Samfundet Forn Sed Sveriges Astrologiska Riksförbund 108 Sveriges UFO-Förbund 664 Swedenborgianism 7, 20, 21–22, 40–41, 221, 246, 285, 286–287, 293, 500, 506, 507, 510, 517, 521, 638; in Denmark 548, in Finland 548–549, in Norway 549–551, in Sweden 534–548 Swedish Grand Chapter 169 Swedish Heathen Front 384 Swedish Rite of Freemasonry 150, 169–170, 179 697 Index of Subjects Swedish Vitka Association, see Hedniska Nätverket Vitka Swedish Wicca Association, see Hedniska Nätverket Vitka Symbolist art 132, 549–550 synchronicity 208 Taivaannaula 362 Tampereen Ufo ry 643 tarot 11, 207–208, 215–216, 224, 303, 304, 310 telekinesis 497 telepathy 497, 510, 634, 660 Telge Fylking 381 Temple of Lucifer 468–469 Temple of Nox 487 Temple of Set 326, 475, 477, 484, 489 Temple of the Black Light, see Misantropiska Lucifer Orden Temple of the Rosy Cross 572 Teosofisk Fellowship 297 Teosofisk Forening 562, 589–591 Teosofisk forening Stavanger 576 Teosofisk Netværk 591 Teosofisk Samfunds Dansk-Islandske Nationalsamfund 554 Teosofiska Kompaniet 585 Teosofiska Samfundet Adyar 584 Teosofiska Samfundet i Skandinavien 579 Teosofiska Samfundet i Sverige 583–584 Teosofiska Samfundet Pasadena 582, see also Universal Brotherhood Teosofiska Samfundet Point Loma 583 Teosofiska Samfundets Skandinaviska Sektion 579, 581 Teosofiska Samfundets Svenska Afdelning 579 The Cause, see Martinus Cosmology Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth 340 thelema 325–326, 332, 338, 346–347, 483, 484, 486 Thelemic Gnostic Church 339 Theosophical Order of Service, The 573, 584 theosophical Satanism 326–328 Theosophical Society, see Theosophy Theosophical summer schools 557, 561, 574 Theosophically inspired movements in Denmark 587–594, in Finland 595–602, in Norway 603–605, in Sweden 606–614 Theosophy 8–9, 53, 59, 100, 180, 207, 215, 254–255, 296, 313, 324, 326, 328, 450–452, 453, 486, 500, 507–510, 526, 528, 633, 642, 646, 662, 664, 665; in Denmark 554–562, in Finland 563–569, in Norway 570–577, in Sweden 578–586, see also Theosophically inspired movements theurgy 177, 180, 190, 226, 245, 335, 345 Traditionalism in Denmark 615–617, in Finland 329, in Norway 618–623, in Sweden 624–629 Tri Orton Sirius 663 tria prima 75, 412, 420 Turun hengentiedon seura 327 Turun hengentieteen seura 598 Typhonian Order 326, 332, 333, 337, 338 UFO-based movements in Denmark 630–639, in Finland 640–649, in Norway 650–659, in Sweden 660–666 UFO ’54 633 UFO-Häggvik 660 UFO-Norway 650, 651–652 Uias Blótlaug 354 Unicorn School 91 Unitarian Church 293–294 United Grand Lodge 145 United Lodge of Theosophists 585 Universal Brotherhood 580–583, 585 Urim and Thummim 20, 223, 246 utopianism 41, 193, 401, 436, 539, 591, 620 Utøya massacre 166 Vajra Ordo Templi Orientis 339 Vajra Yama Zonule, see Agni Vajra Yama Grand Lodge Vækstcentret 200, 297 Valonkantajat ry 502 Vapaa Katolinen Kirkko, see Liberal Catholic Church Vattumannen 207, 313 Vigrid 372 Vihreät (Finnish Greens) 301–302 Vintergatan 109 VOPUS 600–601 Wakka-mysteerikoulu 362 698 Waldorf education in Denmark 46–47, in Finland 50–51, in Norway 54–55, in Sweden 60–63 Wäxthuset, see Galleri Medmera Western esotericism, definitions of 1, brief history of in Scandinavia 5–9, in Greenland 30–31, in Iceland 260, 369, 455, 554, 607 White Eagle Lodge 593–594, 601 White Lotus lodge, see Logen den hvide lotus Wicca 356–357, 360, 361, 363–365, 367, 373–375, 377, 378, 380, 385–387, 388, 389, 478 Index Of Subjects Wicca ry 361 Wild Goose Company 298 witchcraft 228–233, 351, 356–357 World Drum Project, The 378 World Goodwill 609 world soul 80–81 xenoglossia 272 Yggdrasil 381 Yggdrasil Camp 334 York rite 158 Yr Camp 334 ... Morten Fink-Jensen in Finland 18 Tomas Mansikka in Norway 25 Gina Dahl in Sweden 33 Carl-Michael Edenborg Anthroposophy in Denmark 43 René Dybdal in Finland 49 Kennet Granholm in Norway 53 Ingvild... Period in Denmark 89 Kirstine Munk in Finland 98 Tom Sjöblom in Sweden 104 Jenny-Ann Brodin Danell Christian Theosophy in Denmark 113 Søren Feldtfos Thomsen in Finland 119 Tomas Mansikka in Norway 127... Thejls in Finland 324 Kennet Granholm in Norway 332 Geir Uldal and Geir Winje in Sweden 343 Kennet Granholm Paganism in Denmark 350 Benjamin Weber Pedersen in Finland 360 Titus Hjelm in Norway 367