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Từ vựng mô tả về gia đình (family), hình dáng (body), da (skin Complexion), chiều cao (height), tuổi (age), tính cách (Characteristics Personalities), khuôn mặt (Face), kiểu tóc (hair), môi (lips), mắt (eyes)... ví dụ cụ thể và các bài tập liên quan. Các cấu trúc câu đơn giản.
SPEAKING FAMILY Describing people Vocabulary Mother: mẹ // Father: bố (Dad/ – Mom) Sibling: anh (chị, em) ruột Brother: anh, em trai Sister: chị, em gái Only child: Aunt: cơ, dì, bác (nữ) Uncle: chú, bác, cậu (nam) Daughter: gái // Son: trai First cousin: anh em họ gần Niece: cháu gái ( anh chị em) Nephew: cháu trai (con anh chị em ruột) Spouse: chồng hay vợ mother-in-law: mẹ chồng (mẹ vợ) father-in-law: bố chồng (bố vợ) brother-in-law: anh(em rể), anh (em) vợ sister-in-law: chị (em) dâu, chị (em) vợ daughter-in-law: dâu son-in-law: rể Step-mother: mẹ kế Step-sister: chị (em) riêng bố (mẹ) kế half-brother: anh (em) cha (mẹ) khác mẹ (cha) half-sister: chị(em) cha (mẹ) khác mẹ (cha) Grandparents: ông bà Grandmother : bà Grandfather: ông Grandchildren: cháu Granddaughter: cháu gái Grandson: cháu trai Great-grandmother: cụ bà (mẹ ông bà) Great-grandfather: cụ ông (bố ông bà) Nuclear family = gia đình hạt nhân Single-parent / one-parent family = bố mẹ, gia đình đơn thân Extended family = đại gia đình, dòng họ Close-knit family = gia đình hồn thuận, gắn bó Get (well) along with: hòa thuận với (to) take care of: chăm sóc support(N, V): giúp đỡ hỗ trợ (to) share: chia mutual(adj): lẫn (to)give advice: khuyên (to) advise s.o to sth breadwinner: trụ cột gia đình (to) earn(money): kiếm tiền (to) live on: sống dựa vào part-time job: việc làm thêm strict(adj): nghiêm khắc (to) argue with: tranh luận với (tích cục) frank(adj): thẳng thắng (to) solve problem: giải vấn đề housewife: bà nội trợ housework = household chores: việc nhà (to)look after: trông nom (to)play an important role/ part: đóng vai trò quan trọng (to) discuss: bàn luận Benefit = advantage: thuận lợi Drawback = disadvantage: bất lợi Generation: hệ Ancestor: tổ tiên relatives: bà dòng họ paternal >< maternal (adj): nội >< ngoại => maternal side: “Men build the house, women make it home” (đàn ông xây nhà đàn bà xây tổ ấm) Examples: - I live in a happy and close-knit family = My family is very happy and close-knit - My father is a doctor and/while my mother is a house-wife - There are four members/ people in my family = I come from a family of four members = My family consists of four members - I am the only child in my family - I am doing a part-time job to support my family - My father works very hard to earn money - My mother is retired so now she (just) stay at home and takes care of the (whole) family - I have (got) an elder/ older sister and two younger brothers - My Mom is usually responsible for doing the house-hold chores = My Mom usually takes the responsibility of doing the house-hold chores - Both my Mom and my Dad the house work - It is good to live in a big family = Living in a big family is good - Living in a big family brings many benefits = There are many benefits of living in a big family - Family plays a very important role in our life - I often ask my mother for (good) advice => My mother often gives me good advice on … - I often share my feelings with my Dad - I rarely/seldom argue with my brother - I and my younger sister often argue each other about … - My parents are very strict: + They not let us go out late with our friends + They make us study all the time + They ask us to go to bed early Notes: - let s.o sth: làm - make s.o sth: bắt làm - ask/tell s.o to sth: yêu cầu làm Do you have any brothers or sisters? (If yes, you get along well with them?) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… What your parents do? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you spend much time with your family? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is your family’s favorite activity to together? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… How your parents spend their free time? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you often talk with your mom or your dad? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you live with your grand-parents? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you prefer to spend your time with your friends or your family? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you like living in a big family or a small one? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Who takes the responsibility of doing the housework in your home? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Talk about your family You should say about: - Your family members - Your family’s activities - It is a happy family? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Describe a family member you love You should say about: - His/her personal information - What he/she looks like (appearance) - What he/she like (personality) - Why you love him/her ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Write meaningful sentences based on the following cues I/ come/ family/ member ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… mom/ be/ doctor/ and she/ work/ hospital/ next/ my house ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… dad/ responsible/ take care/ fruit garden ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… it/ be/ lucky/ live/ happy family (use: “ It + be+ adj + To V”) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… There/ lot of/ benefit/ live/ extended family ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… My dad/ work/ engineer/ factory/ while/ mom/ retire ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dad/ very strict/ so / he/ seldom/ let/ me/ go out/ late/ night ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sister/ always ready/ give me/ useful advice/ when / I/ difficulty ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… parents/ work/ the rice fields/ at the present ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Last night/ dad/ watch TV/ while/ mom/ sleep/ sofa ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… DESCRIBING PEOPLE Vocabulary I- Appearance A: Từ vựng độ tuổi (age), chiều cao (height) - Young – trẻ - Old – /əʊld/ : Già - Tall – /tɔːl/ : Cao - Middle-aged – /ˌmɪd.l̩ˈeɪdʒd/: Trung niên - Short – /ʃɔːt/ : Lùn - Medium-height – /ˈmiː.di.əm/ / haɪt/: Chiều cao trung bình Ex: + He is not very tall He is about 165 centimeters tall + He looks younger than his (real) age B: Từ vựng hình dáng (body), da (skin/complexion) - Well-built – /wel ‘bɪlt/: Khỏe mạnh, to lớn (nice shape) - Fat >< Slim – Béo – Gầy - heavy >< light– vạm vỡ- nhỏ - strong >< weak(adj) - Dark-skinned – /dɑːk/ /skɪnd/: Da tối màu - Yellow-skinned – /ˈjel.əʊ/ /skɪnd/: Da vàng - Pale-skinned – /peɪl/ /skɪnd/: Da nhợt nhạt - fair (skin/ complexion) – (da) đẹp - smooth (skin)- (da) mịn Ex: + He is well-built = He has a nice/beautiful shape (shape = body) + She has a fair complexion (complexion = skin) + She has a yellow skin = She is yellow-skinned C: Từ vựng khuôn mặt (face) - Round – /raʊnd/: Hình tròn - Triangle – /ˈtraɪ.ỉŋ.ɡl̩/: Hình tam giác - Square – /skweər/: Hình chữ điền - Oval – /ˈəʊ.vəl/: Hình trái xoan - Long – /lɒŋ/: Dài Ex: She has a round face = Her face is round D: Từ vựng kiểu tóc (hair) - Bald – /bəʊld/: Đầu hói - Long – medium-length – shoulder-length – Short - Wavy- Curly- Straight: Gợn sóng - xoăn - thẳng - crew -cut: đầu đinh - dark/black – blond – brown … - pigtail(s) – / ˈpɪɡ.teɪl/: tóc bím - ponytail: tóc ngựa (Noun) - bun: tóc búi - bunches: tóc cột hai sừng Ex: + He has short black hair + She has a ponytail E Từ vựng mắt (eyes) - big – small – narrow: - round - dark – brown – grey – blue – green- … - beautiful (eyes) - twinkle (eyes): mắt long lanh - smiling (eyes): mắt biết cười - eyebrows: lông mày - eyelashes: lông mi + long: dài + curved: cong + dark : đậm + thin >< thick: mỏng >< dày F- Từ vựng môi (lips) - full lips: môi mộng nước - thick >< thin lips: môi dày >< mỏng - curved lips: môi cong lễu * Others: - attractive/ charming: quyến rũ- yêu kiều - beautiful/ handsome: - good- looking: - dimple: (Má lúm) đồng tiền - mole: nốt ruồi - head forehead: vầng trán cao - rosy cheeks: má hồng - (big/small/ high/ flat) nose: Mũi (to/ nhỏ/ cao/ tẹt) etc… II- Characteristics/ Personalities - ambitious: có nhiều tham vọng - careful: cẩn thận - caring: ân cần chu đáo - clever: khéo léo - confident: tự tin - creative: sáng tạo - reliable: đáng tin cậy - honest: trung thực , thiệt tình - enthusiastic: hăng hái, nhiệt tình - easy-going: dễ tính - generous: rộng lượng - gentle: nhẹ nhàng - humorous: hài hước - imaginative: giàu trí tưởng tượng - intelligent, smart: thông minh - kind: tử tế - loyal: trung thành - optimistic: lạc quan >< pessimistic: bi quan - patient: kiên nhẫn - polite: lịch - sociable, friendly: thân thiện - open-minded: khống đạt - quiet: nói - sincere: thành thật, chân thật - wise: thông thái, un bác - lazy: lười biếng - hot-tempered: nóng tính - selfish: ích kỷ => unselfish: khơng ích kỷ - mean: keo kiệt - cold: lạnh lùng - silly, stupid: ngu ngốc, ngốc nghếch - crazy: điên cuồng (mang tính tích cực) etc… Ex: He is kind = He is a kind boy Structures used for describing people: S(He/ She) + V(be/look/seem…) + Adj Ex: + He is tall + She is caring (= She is a caring woman) S(He/ She) + has + (a/an )+ adj + Noun = His/Her/… Noun + V (be/ …) + adj Ex: + He has a round face = His face is round + She has long hair = Her hair is long + She has big eyes = Her eyes are big Others examples: + She is beautiful and intelligent = She is not only beautiful but also intelligent = She is both beautiful and intelligent +He is quiet but intelligent (tuy nhưng) Describe one of your close friends You should say about: - His/her personal information - What he/she looks like (appearance) - What he/she like (personality) - Why you like him/her ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Describe a famous people you admire/ your idol You should say about: - who he/she is + his/her personal information - What he/she looks like (appearance) - What makes him/ her special - Why you admire him/her ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ... is good to live in a big family = Living in a big family is good - Living in a big family brings many benefits = There are many benefits of living in a big family - Family plays a very important... close-knit family = My family is very happy and close-knit - My father is a doctor and/while my mother is a house-wife - There are four members/ people in my family = I come from a family of four... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Talk about your family You should say about: - Your family members - Your family s activities - It is a happy family? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………