Lýthuyếtônthi TN THPT SOME BASIC STRUCTURES PHRASES OF RESULT (Cụm từ kết quả) a TOO (quá … không thể) (Cấu trúc bản) S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + TOO + Adj (+ for + 0) + to-infinitive S+ V(thường) + TOO + Adv (+ for + 0) + to-infinitive Ex: He is too short to play basketball Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race This book is too dull for you to read b ENOUGH (đủ … để có thể) S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + Adj + ENOUGH (+ for + 0) + to-infinitive S+ V(thường) + Adv + ENOUGH (+ for + 0) + to-infinitive Ex: Mary isn't old enough to drive a car She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả) a SO … THAT (quá (nhiều/ít)… đến nỗi) S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + SO + Adj S+ V(thường) + SO + Adv S+ V + SO + many/ few + N (đếm số nhiều) + THAT + S + V… S+ V + SO + much/ little + N (không đếm được) Ex: It was so dark that I couldn't see anything The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now b SUCH THAT (quá … đến nỗi) S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + Adj + N + THAT + S + V… Ex: It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it PHRASES OF REASON Because of As a result of Due to (bởi vì) (Cụm từ lí do) + Noun / Noun phrase / V-ing Ex: The students arrived late because of the traffic jam She stayed at home because of feeling unwell ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lí do) Because Since As (bởi vì) +S+V… PHRASES OF CONCESSION Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her As he behaved badly, he must be punished (Cụm từ nhượng bộ) Despite of Because As a result of (mặc (bởidù) vì) ++Noun Noun//Noun Nounphrase phrase//VV-ing -ing Due In spite to of Ex: Despite the rain, we go to school on time In spite of having a headache I enjoyed the film Trang Lýthuyếtônthi TN THPT ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bộ) Although Though Even though (mặc dù) Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time +S+V… No matter + who/what/when/where/why How (adj./adv) Whatever ( + N) +S+V (dù …đi nữa) Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you What others may say, you are certainly right CLAUSES AFTER “AS IF, AS THOUGH” (Mệnh đề sau “as if as though”) V(present) S V (simple past) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V(past) V ( past perfect) (như thể, dường như) Ex: He acts as though he were rich The old lady dresses as if she owned the place CLAUSES AFTER “IT’S TIME, IT’S HIGH TIME” It’s time/it’s high time(đã tới lúc) + S + V (simple past) (Mệnh đề sau” it’s time/it’s high time”) Ex: It’s time you started to work It’s high time the boy was in bed It’s time/it’s high time(đã tới lúc) + (for + O) + to-infinitive CLAUSES AFTER “WOULD RATHER” (Mệnh đề sau”would rather”) Ex: I would rather you went home now Tomorrow is difficult I’d rather you came next week S + would rather (that) + S + V(simple past) (mong muốn rằng) S + would rather (not) + V(bare infinitive) … (than)… (muốn) S + prefer + V-ing / Noun… + to … 10 PHRASES OF PURPOSE Ex: It’s time for her to go to bed It’s high time to buy a car Ex: I would rather stay at home tonight John would rather go to class tomorrow than today I prefer going to the cinema to staying at home She prefers oranges to apples (Cụm từ mục đích) to–infinitive : Để in order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1 : Để (để không) Ex : I learn English to study abroad = I learn English in order to study abroad He got up early so as not to miss the train = He got up early in order not to miss the train 11 CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (Mệnh đề mục đích ) S + V + so that / in order that + S + modal verbs + V1 ( will / would / can /could/may/might… ) Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (Biến đổi câu) MODEL Because Since As (bởi vì) +S+V… Because of As a result of Due to (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V-ing Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her Trang Lýthuyếtônthi TN THPT Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished As he behaved badly, he must be punished MODEL Although Though Even though Despite (mặc dù) +S+V… (mặc dù) + Noun / Noun phrase / V-ing In spite of Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons MODEL SO …THAT SUCH … THAT Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times It was such a good film that I saw it three times It is such a bad book that nobody reads it This book is so bad that nobody reads it MODEL ENOUGH … + to-infinitive TOO … + to-infinitive Ex: Mary is too young to get married Mary isn’t old enough to get married The tea was not cool enough for her to drink The tea was too hot for her to drink MODEL SO …THAT / SUCH … THAT TOO … + to-infinitive / ENOUGH … + to-infinitive Ex: This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it This raincoat is too small for her to wear It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times.The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times This question is easy enough for us to answer This question is so easy that we can answer The box was too heavy for the child to carry It was such a heavy box that the child couldn’t carry it MODEL To-infinitive … + be + Adj./N S + V + it + Adj./N + to-infinitive Ex: To live on my salary must be hard I find it hard to live on my salary MODEL (Câu điều kiện) - Hiện - Loại (Quá khứ đơn) Câu IF - Quá khứ - Loại (Quá khứ hoàn thành) Note: Clause1 + so + clause2 If + clause1 … , clause2 Clause1 + because + clause2 If + clause2 … , clause1 Ex: He can’t the test because it is too difficult If the test weren’t too difficult, he could it I didn’t eat anything so I was hungry I wouldn’t have been hungry if I had eaten something MODEL If …not Unless … Note: Không thay đổi loại điều kiện, thay đổi cấu trúc loại điều kiện cho Ex: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies (loại 1) If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies (loại 1) If they didn’t attend class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson (loại 2) Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson (loại 2) MODEL S + V(present perfect) … + time It is + time … + since … + V(past) Trang Lýthuyếtônthi TN THPT Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years It is five years since Tom and Mary were married I haven’t seen my father for one month It’s one month since I last saw my father MODEL 10 (Câu ao ước) - Tương lai Câu - Hiện - Quá khứ Wish - would + V1 - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ hoàn thành Ex: She won’t visit me again I wish she would visit me again My wife can’t speak French I wish my wife could speak French What a pity you failed in your driving test I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving test MODEL 11 S + have/has + not + V3/ed … since (for)… - S + last + V(past) … when… - The last time + S + was … Ex: I haven’t heard him since August The last time I heard him was in August I haven’t seen him since I was a student I last saw him when I was a student MODEL 12 S + V(past) … ago S + have/has + been + V-ing + since (for)… Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago He has been working for this factory for a year./He has been working for this factory since last year MODEL 13 S + V + … + time It take/took + (Object) + time + to-infinitive… ( Ai thời gian để làm gì) Ex: She typed the letter in 20 minutes It took her 20 minutes to type the letter I walked to my office in 10 minutes It took me 10 minutes to walk to my office MODEL 14 S + didn’t +V1 … until… It was not until … that… (Mãi khi… ) Ex: Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight It was not until Tom was eight that he began to read MODEL 15 (Thể truyền khiến) Câu chủ động have S+ + V1 Object1 get Object2 + to-infinitive have Câu bị động S+ + Object + V3/ed get Ex: I will have Tom wash the car I will have the car washed I will get Tom to wash the car I will get the car washed MODEL 16 (Câu bị động) S + V + Object … S + be + V3/ed … + (by) … Ex: The police is questioning him He is being questioned by the police Trang Lýthuyếtônthi TN THPT MODEL 17 SO SÁNH HƠN SO SÁNH NHẤT Ex: My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known. I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother MODEL 18 Câu chủ động People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + … Câu bị động It + is / was + V3/ed (của V1) + that + S + V2 +… to infinitive … (khi V2 tương lai) S + be + V3/ed (của V1) + to have + V3/ed … (khi V2 khứ) Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad The owner of the house is thought to be abroad People thought that he had died in battle It was thought that he had died in battle He was thought to have died in battle MODEL 19 SO SÁNH BẰNG SO SÁNH HƠN Ex: Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah Sarah is better at chemistry than Suan MODEL 20 Clause1 + Clause2 SO SÁNH KÉP Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful The older he grows, the more cheerful he becomes Trang ... school on time Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons MODEL... Trang Lý thuyết ôn thi TN THPT Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years It is five years since Tom and Mary were married I haven’t seen my father for one month It’s one month since I last... times.The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times This question is easy enough for us to answer This question is so easy that we can answer The box was too heavy for the child