DSpace at VNU: Curcuma pygmaea sp nov (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam and notes on two related species C. parviflora and C. thorelii

Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 639–647, 2013 doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01749.x, © 2013 The Authors Nordic Journal of Botany © 2013 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: John Parnell Accepted 30 October 2012 Curcuma pygmaea sp nov (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam and notes on two related species C parviflora and C thorelii Jana Leong-Škornicˇková, Otakar Šída and Trâ` n Hu˜’u Ða˘ng J Leong-Škorničková (jana_skornickova@seznam.cz), The Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore – O Šída, Department of Botany, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Praha – Horní Počernice 193 00, Czech Republic – H Đ Trâ`n, The Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore & University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Q5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Curcuma pygmaea Škorničk & Šída f (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Vietnam, is described and illustrated Notes on its closest allies in Curcuma subgenus Hitcheniopsis, C parviflora Wall and C thorelii Gagnep., are provided and a lectotype of C thorelii is designated Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam are a known diversity hotspot for various plant families, although detailed data on Zingiberaceae are lacking as the last comprehensive account of this region is over a century old (Gagnepain 1908) Our recent work, consisting of extensive herbarium studies as well as field exploration of this region, confirms the richness of gingers we suspected and has resulted in descriptions of several new and often stenoendemic species including two in Curcuma (Leong-Škorničková et al 2010; Leong-Škorničková & Lý 2010) All three currently accepted subgenera of Curcuma, Curcuma, Ecomata and Hitcheniopsis, are well represented in the Indochinese floristic region (sensu Takhtajan 1986) but the identities of several species described in the past remain unclear and numerous names have yet to be typified As the first author works towards a revision of Curcuma for the ‘Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam’ , the following species has proved to be new and is described below The notes and type material of two closely related species, C parviflora Wall and C thorelii Gagnep., are discussed and a lectotype of C thorelii is designated Curcuma pygmaea Škornicˇk & Šída f sp nov (Fig 1) Similar to Curcuma thorelii Gagnep., but smaller in habit, up to 20 cm tall (vs up to 50 cm tall), inflorescence with 6-13 green bracts decreasing in size towards the apex and no coma (vs 15-40 bracts and white spreading coma bracts) Type: Vietnam Dak Lak Province, Ea H’Leo Dist., Ea H’Leo village, 308 m a.s.l.; 17 July 2010, Tran et al 239 (holotype: SING (incl spirit), isotypes: PR, VNM) Rhizomatous herb to 20 cm tall Rhizome sparsely branched, main rhizome ovoid, 1.5–2 ϫ ca 1.5 cm, externally light brown, internally cream white, root tubers ovate, ϫ 1.5 cm, externally light brown, internally pure white Pseudostem 6–10 cm long, composed of 1–3 glabrous, leafless sheaths and 3–6 sheaths of leaves, innermost as long as the pseudostem, white-green with pinkish tinge towards the base, outer ones gradually decreasing in length, whitish green to white with pink tinge; ligule mm long, bilobed, hyaline, glabrous except for a few stipitate hairs ca 0.2 mm long on the upper margin Leafy shoot with 2–5 leaves at flowering, ultimately to leaves; petiole 3–7 cm long (except the first leaves which can be nearly sessile), green, glabrous; lamina elliptic to narrowly ovate, ca 5.5–15 ϫ 1.5–5 cm, glabrous, abaxially dark green with a red patch along the midrib, adaxially lighter green, margin hyaline, ca 0.1 mm wide, glabrous, apex acuminate, base oblique Inflorescence central Peduncle ca 5–10 cm long, hidden between the leaf sheaths Spike 4–5 ϫ ca 2–3 cm, coma absent Bracts 6–13 per inflorescence, lower bracts ca 2.2 ϫ 2.6 cm, completely green, glabrous, connate to one another in lower 2/3, strongly reflexed at apex, all except the uppermost 1–2 fertile (these are smaller, ca 1.5 ϫ 1.2 cm) Cincinni with flowers at the base of the inflorescence, the number gradually decreasing upwards Bracteoles minute, one per flower, triangular, 5–7 ϫ 3–4 mm at base, hyaline, translucent-white Flowers ca cm long, slightly exserted from bracts Calyx 6–7 mm long, 3-toothed, unilaterally split for 2–3 mm from apex, white, glabrous Floral tube ca 1.8 cm long, narrowly cylindrical and funnel-shaped towards the top, externally white, glabrous, internally white, hairy in apical part; dorsal corolla lobe triangular-ovate, ca mm long and mm at base, concave, glabrous, white, 639 Figure 1.Curcuma pygmaea Škorničk & Šída f sp nov (A) habit and detail of anther (inset), (B) flower (front view), (C) flower (side view), (D) flower dissection and bract Based on living collection Tran et al 239; photos by Jana Leong-Škorničková 640 C pygmaea, and the information regarding the flower colour available on the labels also does not match C pygmaea These specimens may represent yet other new taxa, but further examination of flowering material is needed apex slightly mucronate, with mucro ca 0.3 mm long, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes 5.5 ϫ mm, triangular-ovate, apex rounded, slightly concave, glabrous, white Lateral staminodes ovate-rhomboid with asymmetric base, 6–7 ϫ 4–5 mm, white turning light violet towards the apex Labellum ca ϫ mm, spathulate, truncate at apex, bilobed, apex split ca mm, basal two thirds of the labellum violet with white and dark violet patches in the centre, apex light violet Anther spurless, 2.75 ϫ 1.5 mm, light violet, with glandular hairs on the sides of the connective, anther thecae 1.5 mm long, cream white, dehiscing along the entire length; filament 1–1.5 mm long, white tinged violet, ca mm broad at base, ca mm at the top, glabrous Anther crest present, 1.5 ϫ ca mm, violet, glabrous Stigma white, unequally funnel-shaped, ostiole glabrous Epigynous glands absent Ovary ovoid, 2.5 ϫ 1.5 mm, trilocular, cream white, glabrous Fruits and seeds not seen Description based on herbarium, living and spirit material (Tran et al 239) Note: In cultivation, Curcuma pygmaea may become vegetatively more robust, with laminas to 25 ϫ cm, and inflorescences with up to 16 bracts, but the sizes of the flower parts not change The specific epithet is derived from Greek pygmaios ( ϭ dwarfish) and reflects the small habit of this plant So far no vernacular names or uses have been recorded for this species Phenology, habitat and distribution Similar species Curcuma pygmaea occurs in dipterocarp forests and flowers from the centre of the leafy shoot around July The leaf blades are either plain green or with a red patch and this varies within a single population So far, this species is known only from the type locality and no specimens have been encountered during extensive revision of herbarium material at AAU, BK, BKF, CAL, CMU, E, HN, HNIP, HNU, K, L, P, QBG, and VNM Among specimens of Curcuma parviflora from Thailand we have noticed several specimens (morphotypes and 5) which also seem to lack a white coma and have fewer bracts than C parviflora, but they are of more slender habit than Curcuma pygmaea falls in Curcuma subgenus Hitcheniopsis, both according to Schumann’s (1904), and the most recent infrageneric classification by Záveská et al (2012) This subgenus is characterized by a central inflorescence with obtuse bracts, adnate laterally and recurved at the tips, by the lack of anther spurs and, as pointed out by Leong-Škorničková et al (2007), most importantly, by the lack of epigynous glands The closest species to C pygmaea are C parviflora Wall and C thorelii Gagnep (Fig 2) Unlike C pygmaea, both these species have a clear distinction between green fertile bracts and white coma bracts Chromosome count and genome size Genome size of Curcuma pygmaea was measured using PI-flow cytometry on Partec CyFlow ML following Otto‘s simplified methodology (Otto 1990) The holoploid genome size has been estimated as 2C ϭ 2.152 pg (measured against internal standard Bellis perennis L., 2C ϭ 3.42 pg) The chromosome number, 2n ϭ 24, was counted from root tips prepared by the rapid squash method following the methodology described in Leong-Škorničková et al 2007) Etymology, vernacular names and uses Figure 2.Curcuma parviflora and Curcuma thorelii (A) Curcuma parviflora, Thailand, from living collections of Singapore Botanic Gardens Acc ~u Đăng No 20020340, photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková (B) Curcuma thorelii, S Vietnam, based on Tran et al 178, photo by Trâ`n Hu 641 Curcuma parviflora is a species originally described from forests on the banks of the river Irawaddy, at Prome and also towards Ava, Burma (Wallich 1830) It is also widespread in Thailand Although it was also reported by Pha.m (2003) from South Vietnam, no specimen was cited and so far we have not encountered this species in Cambodia, Laos or Vietnam, either in the field or in herbaria (Fig 3) The main characters of C parviflora include a small habit, petiolate leaves, green fertile bracts enclosing cincinni of white flowers with a violet labellum and white coma bracts An examination of herbarium material from the major herbaria listed above revealed that there is a wide array of morphological variability across the distribution area with at least five morphological types (Fig 3) Various chromosome counts have been also reported for this species, namely 2n ϭ 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 & 42 (Leong-Škorničková et al 2007) suggesting that C parviflora as now recognized is a species with complex reproductive biology perhaps consisting of more than one taxon It may also be found to hybridize with other sympatrically growing members of Curcuma subg Hitcheniopsis – a feature we have frequently observed in the field Detailed studies of living flowering material of the whole complex, including cytology, and molecular analyses of these morphotypes are needed to resolve the complex Curcuma thorelii was described from Stung-treng, a locality which at the time was part of Laos (Gagnepain 1907), but is now in Cambodia Our herbarium study and field records indicate that it occurs in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and extends westwards to C and E Thailand The flowers of Curcuma thorelii and C pygmaea are similarly coloured with the labellum and lateral staminodes being violet, but plants of C thorelii are much larger and more robust than C pygmaea, the inflorescence has welldeveloped white coma bracts and the lateral staminodes and labellum are usually of a deeper colour Typification Curcuma parviflora Wall Pl Asiat Rar 1: 47, t 57 1830 – Holotype (implicit): [icon] “Curcuma parviflora” in Wallich, Pl Asiat Rar t 57 1830 Unlike several other ginger species described by Wallich, where a specimen and a colour plate form the original material, the colour plate published with the original description represents the only original element and is therefore treated here as an implicit holotype Curcuma thorelli Gagnep Bull Soc Bot France 54: 406 1907 – Lectotype (designated here): [Cambodia] Stungtreng, Thorel 2132, barcode P 032707 (P!; isolecto barcode P032708 and sheet with no barcode P!, sheet with no barcode CAL!) – excl Thorel 2132 (P! barcode P 032706, K! barcode K000255367) Figure Distribution of Curcuma parviflora, C thorelii and C pygmaea based on study of herbarium material.Curcuma parviflora - major morphotypes (typical form dark orange, morphotype light orange, morphotype yellow, morphotype light yellow and morphotype white); C thorelii green; C pygmaea in purple Type localities of the three species are marked with stars 642 The name C thorelii is currently unambiguously applied to a plant in Curcuma subgenus Hitcheniopsis with green fertile bracts, white coma bracts and flowers with violet labellum and lateral staminodes It was described by Gagnepain (1907), who worked predominantly with herbarium material supplied to Paris by various collectors Gagnepain’s original description is based on Thorel’s collection No 2132 from Stung-treng (currently located in Cambodia) and specifically mentions the blue colour of the flowers which is found only in members of subg Hitcheniopsis In most other features, it also matches the species to which the name is currently applied fairly well Curiously, the presence of two anther spurs and two epigynous glands is also mentioned – both these characters are typical of Curcuma subg Curcuma but have never been recorded in subg Hitcheniopsis Our examination of the original material in Paris revealed that Thorel 2132 consists of four sheets which have to be regarded as syntypes but which are a mixed collection Plants mounted on three sheets (barcodes P 032707, P032708 and a sheet without barcode) are of a species in subgenus Hitcheniopsis to which the name C thorelii is currently applied (Fig 4.), while the plant on the fourth sheet (barcode P 032706) belongs to Curcuma aff plicata, which is a member of subgenus Curcuma On the specimen, it may clearly be seen that Gagnepain sampled and dissected the flower of Curcuma aff plicata, hence the misleading information about epigynous glands and anther spurs (Fig 5) We have located two more duplicates of Thorel 2132: the duplicate at CAL represents C thorelii, while the plant on the duplicate at K is Curcuma aff plicata In order to retain the name of the species to which it is currently applied and for which there is no other name available, we designate sheet P 032707 as the lectotype, sheets P032708, another at P without a barcode, and the specimen at CAL as isolectotypes We propose here to exclude sheet P 032706 (P!) and sheet K000255367 (K!) from the original material of C thorelii Specimens examined: Curcuma parviflora Wall., typical form Myanmar: Prov Bago: Pyay (Wallich 1830) Thailand: Prov Chiang Mai: 30 km S of Bo Luang along the Om Koi trail, Jul 1968, K Larsen, T Santisuk & E Warncke 2022 (AAU, BKF, E, P, C, L); N of Ban Om Koi, Bo Luang Tableland, 17 Oct 1979, T Shimizu, H Toyokuni, H Koyama, T Yahara & T Santisuk T-19033 (AAU, BKF, C, L, P); Bo Luang to Om Koi, 10 Sep 1999, P Srisanga & C Puff 1021 (QBG); ibidem, 12 Jun 1968, C.F van Beusekom & C Phengklai 1176 (BKF, L); Om Koi, 20 Jul 1987, C Phengklai et al 6260 (BKF); ibidem, 20 Jul 1987, C Phengklai et al 6302 (BKF); ibidem, 28 Jun 1978, C Phengklai, M Tamura, C Niyomdham & B Sangkachand 4162 (BKF); ibidem, 28 Jun 1978, C Phengklai, M Tamura, C Niyomdham & B Sangkachand 4171 (BKF); ibidem, 18 Oct 1979, T Shimizu, H Toyokuni, H Koyama, T Yahara & T Santisuk T-19354 (BKF); Sri Sangwan waterfalls, Chiang Dao, 21 Jul 2003, C Maknoi (QBG); Doi Chiang Dao, Jun 1957, Khontchai 565 (C); 25 Sep 1971, J.E Vidal 5149 (P); Doi Suthep, Jul 1958, T Sorensen, K Larsen & B Hansen 3912 (C); ibidem; Jul 1992, P Palee 55 (E, P); ibidem, Jul 1921, A.F.G Kerr 5641 (BK, C); ibidem, Jul 1993, A Phuakan 35 (BKF); ibidem, 11 Jul 1987, J.F Maxwell 87-647 (BKF, L); ibidem, 18 Sep 1967, T Shimizu, H Koyama & M Hutoh T-10467 (AAU); ibidem, 16 Jul 1988, M.N.Tamura T-60072 (BKF); ibidem, Aug 1922, Lung Ai s.n (SN 256845) (BK); near Fang, 25 May 1958, K Larsen & B Hansen 3598 (E, C); ibidem, Jun 1973, R Geesink, D Phanichapol & T Santisuk (AAU, BKF, C, E, L, P) Dist Jawm Tong, Mae Soi valley, 29 Sep 1991, J.F Maxwell 91-782 (P, L, E); Mae Sa valley, Jul 1974 J.N Jackson 6134 (BKF); Mai Muang Mao Arboretum, 16 Oct 2001, W Sankamethawee 259 (L); San Pan See, 18 Jun 2002, C Glamwaewwong 211 (QBG); along highway between Chon Thong and Ban Luang forest, 17 Sep 1967, K Iwatsuki & N Fukuoka T-10289 (AAU); en route from Mae Klang waterfall to Sop Aep, Oct 1971, G Murata, K Iwatsuki, C Pengklai & C Charamphoi T-15519 (BKF) Prov Kanchanaburi: Hin Dat, 29 Jun 1926, Put 44 (BK, C); between Huay Ban Kao and Kritee, Jul 1973, R Geesink & C Phengklai 6070 (AAU, BKF, C, L); ibidem, Jul 1973, Maxwell 73-70 (AAU, BK); Ni Kuhn Streamlet, MKWRS, Tong Pha Phum, 12 Mar 1961, K Bunchuai (AAU, BKF); ibidem, 28 May 1994, Th W et al 27 (BKF); Brangkasi, 19–22 Jun 1946, G Den Hoed & A Kostermans 478 (BK, L, P); near Wangka, 23 May 1946, S Bloembergen 633 (BK, L, P); Ta Salao, 12 Jul 1940, A.F.G Kerr 14528 (BK, C, L); ibidem, 11 Jul 1930, A Marcan 2507 (C); Lum Sum, 30 Jul 1928, A Marcan 2339 (C); Sangkha Buri, 12 Mar 1961, K Bunchuai 73 (BKF); Si Sawat, 17 Jul 1963, P.S 2113 (BKF); ibidem, 12 Aug 1971, CP, BS & BN 2913 (BKF); Sai Yok, Dec 1961, K Larsen 8495 (C); ibidem Jul 1945, A Kostermans 1040 (L); Ban Kao, 10 Nov 1961, K Larsen 8125 (C); Sriswasdi, Jun 1962, Kasem 209 (BK); Thung Kang Yang, Jul 1963, K Larsen 10539 (AAU); Doi Inthanon, along Mae Klang river, Aug 1988, M.N.Tamura T-60377 (BKF) Prov Lampang: Muang Bahn (Pan) district, Jae Sawn National Park, near Jae Sawn Falls and Mae Nawn Stream, 24 Aug 1995, J.F Maxwell 95-596 (BKF, CMU, L); Distr Muang Pan, Jaesorn National Park, 28 Jun 2002, N Koonkhunthod, N Supantee & N Thesana 199 (BKF) Thoen Dt., 50 km south of Thoen, 13 Oct 1979, T Shimizu, H Toyokuni, H Koyama, T Yahara & T Santisuk T-13538 (BKF); Doi Pang La, Huay Tak, 25 Sep 1967, T Shimizu, H Koyama & A Nalampoon T-10776 (AAU, BKF); Hui Tak, August 1964, C Hambananda 225 (BKF) Prov Mae Hong Son: 19–24 km east of Mae Sariang towards the Salawin River, 17 Jul 1998, W.J Kress, M Bordelon & M Collins 98-6216 (AAU); Along the road between Mae Sariang and Mae La Noi, 18 Sep 1967, K Iwatsuki & N Fukuoka T-10389; ibidem, 28 Jul 2007, A Keratikorkol 352 (QBG); Maesarieng, July 1966, Prayad 345 (BK) Prov Nakhon Sawan: Hua Wai, Taklee, 10 Jul 2007, C Maknoi 1634 (QBG) Prov Phetchaburi: Amphoe Kaeng Krachan: Kaeng Krachan National Park, on road to Thor Thip waterfall, Aug 2002, D Middleton, S Suddee, S.J Davies & C Hemrat 856 (AAU); ibidem, limestone area in the central part of the Park, Khao Pa Karang, Aug 1995, 643 Figure Proposed lectotype of Curcuma thorelii, Thorel 2132, P 032707 (A) entire sheet, (B-C) details of inflorescences, (D) detail of label Photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková K Larsen, S.S Larsen, C Tange, R Moran & P Puudjaa 45379 (AAU) Prov Prachuap Khiri Khan: Amphoe Pran Buri, Kui Buri National Park, trail from park headquarters, 20 Aug 2002, D.J Middleton, S Suddee & C Hemrat 1242 (BKF, CMU, E) Prov Ratchaburi: Ban Saphan, 13 Aug 1966, K Larsen, T Smitinand & E Warncke 1547 (BKF); South of Prachuap, 13 Aug 1966, K Larsen, T Smitinand & E Warncke 1557 (BKF); Amper Suan Pueng, 28 May 1987, Y Paisooksantivatana & P Sangkhachand 2008-87 Prov Tak: Khao Pha wo, ca 70 644 km west of Tak, 23 Jul 1973, G Murata, N Fukoka & C Phengklai T-16873 (AAU, BKF, C, L); km 27 Um Pang-Palata, Um Pang, Jun 2006, S Watthana 1971 (QBG); Lan Sang National Park, 20 Apr 1985, C Niyomdham 900 (AAU, BKF, C); ibidem, Sep 1967, M Tagawa, K Iwatsuki, H Koyama & A Chintayungkun T-8662 (AAU); ibidem, Sep 1967, M Tagawa, K Iwatsuki, H Koyama & A Chintayungkun T-8663 (AAU); Amper Mae Sod, Aug 1989, Y Paisooksantivatana 2394-89 (BK) Figure A sheet of Curcuma aff plicata proposed to be excluded from the original material of Curcuma thorelii, Thorel 2132, P 032706 (A) entire sheet, (B) detail of inflorescence, (C) drawing of the dissected flower attached to the sheet (D) dissection of the flower (E) detail of label Photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková 645 Curcuma parviflora Wall., morphotype Curcuma parviflora Wall., morphotype Thailand: Prov Chaiyaphum: Ban Nam Phrom, 24 May 1974, R Geesink, T Hattink & C Phengklai 6904 (BKF, L) Thung Lui Lai, 27 Jul 1999, C Ngamriabsakul 59 (BKF, E) NW of Phu Khieo, 6–7 Aug 1972, K Larsen, S S Larsen, I Nielsen & T Santisuk 31551 (AAU) Phu Khieo E of Chaiyaphum, Aug 1972, K Larsen, S S Larsen, I Nielsen & T Santisuk 31551 (AAU) Kaengkhro, 18 May 1996, sine coll., SN113583/BKF118377 (BKF) Prov Chantaburi: Pong Nam Ron, Hindat, 30 Aug 1956, T Smitinand 3456 (AAU, BKF, C) Foot of Khao Soi Dao, 10 Nov 1969, C.F van Beusekom & T Smitinand 2097 (AAU, BKF, L, P), ibidem, Jun 1963, K Larsen 9802 (AAU) Khao Sip-ha Chan NP, Khun Song, Kaeng Hang maeo, 26 Aug 2004, K Kertsawang 390 (QBG) Prov Nakhon Nayok: Kow Yai National Park, Hayosuwat Falls, 31 Aug 1974, J.F Maxwell 74-865 (AAU, BK, L) Prov Nakhon Ratchasima: Kao Yai National Park, 19 Jul 1973, G Murata, N Fukuoka & C Phengklai T-16321 (AAU, BKF, C, L); ibidem, 19 Jul 1973, G Murata, N Fukuoka & C Phengklai T-16372 (BKF); ibidem, 17 Dec 1962, C Phengklai 567 (c) Khao Ko pang mar, Paktongchai, 17 Jul 2008, P Weesumritt 238 (QBG) Prov Prachin Buri: Khao Yai National Park, Khao Khieo, Heo Suwat Falls, Jul 1967, K Larsen, T Smitinand & E Warncke 94 (AAU, BKF, P) Thailand: Prov Saraburi: Muak Lek, hill W of Forest Station, limestone hill, Oct 1963, T Smitinand & H Sleumer 1308 (BKF, L), ibidem, 31 Aug 1924, A F G Kerr 9087 (BK, C, L) Muang Dt., Sahm Lahn forest, 12 Jul 1975, J.F Maxwell 75-683 (AAU, BK, L) Curcuma parviflora Wall., morphotype Thailand: Prov Kamphaeng Phet: Mae Wong National Park – Kamphaeng Phet side, near HQ, Jul 1999, C Ngambriasakul 32 (BKF, E) Klong Laan Waterfall, Nam Tok Klong Laan, Klong Laan, 25 Oct 2001, S Watthana 1509 (QBG) Klong Lan National Park, track to east of Waterfall, 21 Aug 1995, Parnell, Pendry, Jebb & Pooma 95-319 (AAU) Klong Lan, km from Parks HQ 27 Jul 1997, M Van den Bult 13 (BKF) Wang Chao Waterfalls, Oct 2003, C Maknoi 522 (QBG) Prov Loei: Phu Krading, 11 Sep 1963, H Sleumer 4753 (L), ibidem, Sep 1967, T Schimizu, M Hutoh & D Chaiglom 8779 (AAU, BKF), ibidem, Sep 1969, P Sanhkhachand 2072 (BK), ibidem, 15 Oct 1967, Preyad 1035 (BK) Wang Sa Pung, 21 Apr 1948, D Nakkan 215 (BKF) Prov Lop Buri: Huai Hin, Chaibadan, 11 Jul 2007, C Maknoi 1642 (QBG) Prov Petchabun: Ban Nam Ron, Mueang, 19 Jul 2002, C Maknoi 299 (QBG) Haeo Sai Waterfall, Namnao NP, Jul 2002, C Maknoi 268 (QBG) Prov Phitsanulok: Kaeng Sopa Waterfalls, Nakornthai, 24 Aug 2003, C Maknoi 493 (BKF, QBG) Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, about 20 km E of Phitsanulok, 21 Oct 1984, G Murata, C Phengklai, S Mitsuta, T Yahara, H Nagamasu & N Nantasan T-38217 (BKF) Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Tan Ta Wang village, 22 Oct 1984, G Murata, C Phengklai, S Mitsuta, T Yahara, H Nagamasu & N Nantasan T-38217 (BKF) Curcuma parviflora Wall., morphotype Thailand: Prov Nong Khai: Phu Wua Wildlife sanctuary, Aug 2004, I.C Nielsen, C Niyomdham, T Jonganurak, C Hemrath & J Rithipheth 1603 (AAU) Ban Tong, Seka district, Jet Si Waterfalls, 20 May 2004, R Pooma, K Phattarahirankanok, S Sirimongkol & M Poopath 4109 (BKF) 646 Curcuma thorelii Gagnep Thailand: Prov Loei: Phu Rua Dt., Phu Rua N P., 12 Jun 2004, T Wongprasert et al 046-65 (BKF) Prov Kalasin: Kuchinarai, Galasintu, Aug 1963, Pradit 355 (BK) Prov Lop Buri: Wat Tham Petnaka, Lam Sonthi, 21 Aug 2003, C Maknoi 485 (AAU, QBG) Prov Nong Khai: Dong Srichompoo, 28 Jun 1963, Adisai 577 (BK) Prov Phitsanulok: Chattrakan Dt., 19 Jun 2006, A.D Poulsen & P Suksathan 2393 (QBG) Tung Salaeng Luang, 21 Jul 1966, K Larsen, T Smitinand & E Warncke 656 (AAU, BKF, L, P) Prov Sakhon Nakhon: Phu Paan National Park, Aug 2004, I.C Nielsen, T Jonganurak, N Hemrath & J Rithipheth 1539 (AAU, BKF); ibidem, Aug 1987, P Yuktathat 142 (E); ibidem, 31 Jul 1999, M.F Newman 945 (BKF, E) Prov Ubon Ratchathani: Phibulmangsahawn Dt., Jul 2004, T Wongprasert 047-7 (BKF) Roadside KM 38-37, Ban Sanam Chai Phibun Mungsahan, 21 Aug 2001, R Pooma, W.J.J.O de Wilde, B.E.E Duyfjes, V Chamchumroon & K Phattarahirankanok 2192 (BKF) Laos: Prov Champassak: Phou Chieng, 10 Sep 1952, J.E Vidal 1898 (P) Cambodia: Prov Stung Treng: Stung Treng, 1866-1868, C Thorel 2132 (P) Prov Pursath: Klong, 18 Nov 1938, M Muller 517 (P) Vietnam: Prov Binh Thuan: La Gi, Jul 1925, M Evrard 2322 (AAU, P) Prov Tây Ninh: Tay Ninh, 12 Jul 1939, R Muller 1523 (P) Prov Thu` a Thiên-Huê´: Huê´, Sep 1877, Harmand 4891 (P) Prov Dak Lak: Ea H’Leo Dist., Ea H’Leo village, 17 Jul 2010, Tran et al 238 (PR, SING) Acknowledgements – We thank the curators of AAU, BK, BKF, CAL, CMU, E, HN, HNIP, HNU, K, L, P, QBG, SING and VNM herbaria for letting us examine and photograph the specimens in their care, the Asian Zingiberaceae Information Centre at Singapore Botanic Gardens and the Zingiberaceae Resource Centre at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (Ͻhttp://elmer rbge.org.uk/ZRC/Ͼ) for providing protologues and related references We thank Dr Axel D Poulsen and Dr Mark Newman for useful comments on the manuscript Our research was funded by National Parks Board, Singapore, the Czech Science Foundation, GAČR (grant no 521/09/0202 and P506/10/0623) and Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2013/10 National Museum, Prague) References Gagnepain, F 1907 Zingibéracées, Marantacées et Musacées nouvelles de l’herbier du Museum Bull Soc Bot France 54: 403–413 Gagnepain, F 1908 Zingibéracées In: Lecomte, H (ed.), Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine Vol Masson and Co, pp 25–121 Leong-Škorničková, J., Šída, O., Jarolímová, V., Sabu, M., Fér, T., Trávníček, P and Suda, J 2007 Chromosome numbers and genome size variation in Indian species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) 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Krak, K., Marhold, K and LeongŠkorničková, J 2012 Phylogeny of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) based on plastid and nuclear sequences: Proposal of the new subgenus Ecomata Taxon 61 (4): 747–763 647 ... information about epigynous glands and anther spurs (Fig 5) We have located two more duplicates of Thorel 2132: the duplicate at CAL represents C thorelii, while the plant on the duplicate at K... Our herbarium study and field records indicate that it occurs in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and extends westwards to C and E Thailand The flowers of Curcuma thorelii and C pygmaea are similarly... within a single population So far, this species is known only from the type locality and no specimens have been encountered during extensive revision of herbarium material at AAU, BK, BKF, CAL,