ď M4 DHCPService

DHCP SERVICE Tr n Bàn Th ch Khoa CNTT i h c DUY TÂN Tr n Bàn Th ch T ng quan   Tùy thu c vào size c a network, vi c g n qu n tr IP cho client c ng m t yêu c u quan tr ng V i windows server, b n có th g n IP đ ng b ng d ch v DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Tr n Bàn Th ch T ng quan  Các n i dung s th o lu n ph n là: – – – – – – – Define DHCP and describe how to use it on a network Install the DHCP service Authorize the DHCP service Create and configure a scope Customize DHCP functionality Configure DHCP in a routed network Support DHCP on a network Tr n Bàn Th ch T ng quan v DHCP    M t DHCP Server s d ng m t h p đ ng cho thuê IP t i Client theo m t th i gian đ nh k Các Client ph i thuê bao l i IP h t th i gian h p đ ng Chúng ta s tìm hi u lease generation renewal process đ bi t cách DHCP service g n IP cho m ng Tr n Bàn Th ch So sánh l i ích c a ip đ ng t nh  Th o lu n Tr n Bàn Th ch Ho t đ ng DHCP   M i l n DHCP Client kh i đ ng, yêu c u IP t m t DHCP server Khi DHCP server nh n đ c yêu c u, s ch n m t IP t vùng IP đ nh ngh a database c a DHCP server đ ngh IP t i Client N u Client ch p nh n, DHCP server s cho thuê IP đ n Client m t kho ng th i gian đ nh k (m c đ nh ngày) Client s d ng IP đ truy c p vào m ng Tr n Bàn Th ch The DHCP Lease Generation Process  DHCP service s d ng b n b c p IP đ n client: c đ cung N u client có nhi u NIC NIC đ c l p trình này… Tr n Bàn Th ch B   c IP Lease Request B c x y khi: m t client m i kh i đ ng thuê bao IP l n đ u hay thuê bao l i (khi thuê bao l i??) DHCPDISCOVER Broadcast Message: – – Client g i broadcast gói tin này, v i đ a ch source 0.0.0.0, đ a ch destination 255.255.255.255 Gói tin ch a MAC Computer Name c a Client Tr n Bàn Th ch B      c 2: IP Lease Offer DHCP server s g i l i danh sách IP đ ngh cho thuê (đ m b o IP ch a c p cho ai) DHCP client đ i giây đ nh n gói offer N u khơng nh n đ c, s rebroadcast l n vào nh p 2, 4, 8, 16 gi a đ n 1,000 mils N u v n không nh n đ c sau l n broadcast, DHCP Client s nh n IP kho ng 169.254.0.1 đ n 169.254.255.254 (đ đ m b o liên l c đ c m ng) DHCP client v n ti p t c tìm DHCP server c phút m t l n Và n u tìm th y DHCP server, s nh n m t IP h p l có kh n ng k t n i v i toàn m ng Tr n Bàn Th ch B  10 c 3: IP Lease Selection DHCP client s g i ph n h i l i server nh n đ c gói offer đ u tiên b ng cách g i broadcast m t thông p DHCPREQUEST Tr n Bàn Th ch 11 B c 4: IP Lease Acknowledgement  DHCP server s xác nh n đ n client vi c th bao hồn t t b ng gói thông p DHCPPACK  T t c trao đ i gi a DHCP Client DHCP Server s d ng giao th c UDP t i c ng 67 68 Tr n Bàn Th ch The DHCP Lease Renewal Process  12 ôi Client c ng c n thuê bao l i IP đ update l i thông tin IP Tr n Bàn Th ch Automatic Lease Renewal   M t DHCP client s c g n renew 50% th i gian thuê bao N u khơng thành cơng, s th l i vào lúc 87.5% th i gian thuê bao Lease Renewal Attempt at 50 Percent – – – – 13 Client g i DHCPREQUEST message t i server N u server s n sàng, renew lease g i DHCPACK message l i đ Client update thông tin N u server không s n sàng, client ti p t c s d ng h p đ ng hi n hành N u Client yêu c u m t IP không h p l hay trùng đ a ch , server s ph n h i DHCP denial message (DHCPNAK) Tr n Bàn Th ch Automatic Lease Renewal  Lease Renewal Attempt at 87.5 Percent : – – – 14 Client s g i DHCPDISCOVER message Server s g i DHCPOFFER message đ update h p đ ng c a client N u h t h n vi c renew không thành, client ph i disconnect l p t c b t đ u l i trình thuê bao t đ u Tr n Bàn Th ch Manual Lease Renewal 15  You can renew an IP lease manually if you need to update DHCP configuration information immediately  For example, if you want DHCP clients to immediately obtain the address of a newly installed router from a DHCP server, renew the lease from the client to change the configuration  To renew the lease manually, use the ipconfig command with the /renew switch  This sends a DHCPREQUEST message to the DHCP server to update configuration options and to renew the lease time Tr n Bàn Th ch Các yêu c u  DHCP Server – – –  DHCP Client – – 16 Cài đ t DHCP server ã c u hình IP, subnet mask, defaul gateway nh ngh a m dãy IP h p l đ cho thuê H u hành có DHCP Client service Cài đ t IP đ ng Tr n Bàn Th ch Cài đ t d ch v DHCP  17 Th c hành Tr n Bàn Th ch Authorizing the DHCP Service   18 B n ph i y quy n đ DHCP server có kh n ng cung c p IP Khái ni m y quy n giúp ng n ng a DHCP server d m cung c p IP không h p l Tr n Bàn Th ch SCOPE  19 Scope ch a dãy IP mà server cung c p đ n client Tr n Bàn Th ch Scope Parameters Parameter Name Description Start IP address and End IP address Length or Subnet mask Exclusion address range (optional) Lease duration 20 Description The name of the scope An optional description of the scope to help you keep track of the purpose of the scope Specify the range of addresses that the DHCP server can assign from this scope To prevent problems with duplicate IP addressing, not use the same IP addresses in more than one scope The subnet mask to assign to DHCP clients To configure this parameter, enter the number of bits that make up the subnet mask, or type the IP address of the subnet mask You can specify one or more ranges to exclude from the scope Excluded addresses are not assigned to DHCP clients To avoid duplicate IP addressing, exclude any statically assigned IP addresses on your network, such as computers acting as print servers The length of the IP address lease, in number of days, hours, and minutes The default duration is eight days To set the lease duration to unlimited, you must configure the scope properties after you create the scope The wizard does not provide the option to configure an unlimited scope Tr n Bàn Th ch Configuring a Scope with Options  21 S d ng scope option đ g n đ y đ c u hinh IP đ n client Tr n Bàn Th ch Reserving IP Addresses for Client Computers  22 Ch đ BOOTP Tr n Bàn Th ch Combining Scopes by Using Superscopes  23 Cung c p VLAN Tr n Bàn Th ch Installing a DHCP Relay Agent Open Routing and Remote Access from the Administrative Tools menu  In the console tree, expand the server icon, and then click IP Routing  In the details pane, right-click General, and then click New Routing Protocol  In the New Routing Protocol dialog box, click DHCP Relay Agent, and then click OK  Open the Properties dialog box for the DHCP relay agent, in the Server Address box, type the IP address of a DHCP server, and then click Add 24 Tr n Bàn Th ch Troubleshooting DHCP Database Problems 25 Tr n Bàn Th ch