DSpace at VNU: Jar burials tradition in South East Asia

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V N U J O U R N A L O F S C IE N C E , soc S C I , H U M A N , N 01E 0 J A R B U R I A L S T R A D I T I O N IN S O U T H E A S T ASIA L a m T h i M y D z u n g (#) A Early period M a n u n g g u i Cave-Chamber A assemblage A.I Southeast Asian Islands : This period w as d e fin e d in Palawan (Philippines): u n d e r various T here was yielded a highly sophisticated term s su ch as Early N e o lith ic p h a se and Late a sse m b la g e Neolithic p h ase (B ellw ood); Late N eolithic-Jar including burial phase (Fox) or Stone tool-jar burial dated by associated charcoal fat the University (Solheim II); A g ricu ltu ral Stage (for Indonesia) o f C alifornia at Los Angeles) to 710 B c and (Soejono) 890 B.c (R Fox 1979:233) the of earthenware burial jars, now fam ous M an u n g g u l Jar, There w ere u n c o v e re d a n u m b e r o f sites T he earlier ja r burials provided a range of from this period, w h ic h located in Philippines, grave goods, including jade beads and bracelets Indonesia an d M a la y s ia (Spriggs 1989: F ig l) and three agate beads, but no objects o f metal, Here we can m en tio n e d s o m e o f them g lass or carnelian T he pottery vessels display a Cave A rku in N orthern L u zo n (Philippines): rem a rc a b le expertise including arguably the It is located in a tributary o f the C a g a y a n m o st im pressive e x am ple from Southeast Asia, V alley, this site p ro d u ce d a burial asse m b la g e a vessel 6.5cm in height, topped by a soul dated to be tw e en 1500 BC an d T h e artefacts boat transporting aw ay the dead In addition to included this j a r -burial assem blage ị\ was uncovered a orn am ents stone, pottery im p le m e n ts red-slipped bowl with ring stand (Solheim II were s e c o n d a ry , and 1966: PI.Ia) A ssociated with it were a small som etim es d u s te d with ore he or placed in jars stepped daze, a scoop m ade from the M clo O ne ja r burial has b e e n r a d io c a rb o n dated to shell, small green-stone beads, and a few beads about 00 BC A c c o rd in g to Beliw ood (1 ) it m a d e o f the co m m o n N assarius shell prim a ry or The and burials apparently and shell is clear that this a s s e m b la g e c o n tin u e d on to It is seems that C h a m b e r A assem blage overlap with a m a jo r I n d o -M a la y s ia n jar-burial provided the evidences for the beginnings of tradition the ja r burial tradition at the beginning o f the Dr., Department of History, College of Social Sciences & Humanities, VNU 44 45 Jill burials tradition 111 Southeast Am.I first m ille n n iu m rad io c arb o n B.C on basis o f two sea N eolithic ja r burials, h o w ever, have been a sse m b la g e contained no m etal The pottery is found in interior o p e n sites o f central Luzon, in fine N ueva Eciji p ro v in c e (R F o x carved m en tio n e d includes paddle both above coast; caves the m o u th s o f w hich overlook the This and dates the c o rd -m a rk in g im pressions as a and significant T he sa m e kind o f sites (sto n e tool-jar burials e le m en t o f surface treatm ent A c c o rd in g to bv Fox, Sorsogon, cord treatm ent southern and w as paddle im pressed surface the e x tre m e w idespread Philippines but III absent or rare 1979:234-235) Solheim ) is a ls o M ataas, re c o g n iz e d M isibis , in Rato, M arinduque (W S o lh e im ll 1980: 3-9) in West M outh (it S ia h in Sarawak (Malaysia): central and northern Philippines D uring the N e o lith ic , an inner portion of Be 11w ood has in d icated that in this the cave was used for burial purposes There were a ssem blage there is at least o n e pottery coffin, un covered a b o u t 130 b urials, and som e vessels have red -painted curvilinear and burnt s e c o n d a ry bu ria ls have been asserted d esig n s e n clo sed by in cised lin es-a tec h n iq u e in addition to the o th e r fu neral rites well represented in the E arly M etal sites in Sabah, and also in the Sa H u y n h c u ltu re in southern V ietnam T herefore he feels that the both c re m atio n s A c c o rd in g to BeIIw ood (1 :2 ) there were rec o g n ize d th re e m a in p eriods o f funeral practices at N iah: absence o f m etal is not reliable indicator o f a / P recerarnic e x te n d e d burials in coffins Neolithic date Like all ja r burial caves this one also distributed and the ja rs sm a sh e d , a n d the carbon dates need not necessarily date the jar burial event (Bellwood 1985:31 i) H ow ever, it is noting that, here is a dated M etal A g e or bam bo c a sk e ts , and c o n tin u in g flexed burials ( 0 -2 0 BC) 2 0 BC (or later ?) e x te n d in g to an uncertain point, p e rh a p s late in the first a ssem blage from the a d ja c e n t C h a m b e r B o f m ille n n iu m BC, c h a c te r is e d M annungul T h e artefact a s se m b la g e s o f tw o e x te n d e d burials, n e w ly a p p e a rin g c rem ations, C ham bers, with m etal and g lass o n ly in B, ja r burials, and p o ttery ( in c lu d in g the d o u b le ­ support spouted form) that the Cham ber A burial jar assem blage is older T h e d e c o te d pottery was therefore s o m e tim e betw een 0 and 0 BP ( M Spriggs 1989:606-607) primary or se co ndary or both, are a d iagnostic and perhaps textiles The c o lla g e n d a te s for these burials range Late betw een ab o u t 0 and 0 BC T w o burial T hese are jars dated to a b o u t Ỉ 0 BC (burial 69, and generally found in lim estone caves n e a r the from burnt w o o d w ith burial 159) and another IV in the pha se probably po std a te s A D I at N iah, associated o f the Neolithic term inal C o m e s the E a rly M e ta l p h a se, w hich with the sam e c o n tin u in g burial form s, copper, Burial in large e a rthen w are jars, e ith e r feature o f the by c o n tin u in g Philippines Journal o f Science, Sot'., S c i , Human , V;//•.' 2002 Lam Thi My D zung 46 burial ja r dated to ab o u t B C (burial 67) a m o n g the potery assemblage two distinctive (B ellw ood types 1985: -2 ; Fig 8.7) But as (both form decoration) recognized, fram ew ork th ere is All vessel and thne-colour ware vessel It is said radiocarbon d a tes are to that the p o tsh rd s o f double-spouted v e ssels absolute d epth, d io c a rb o n a g e s for the site were found wth j a r burials (Bellwood 1985: were rarely p roperly rep o rted F o r in stance the 257; fig 8.5;8.0 date + /- B P for o n ly a refe re n c e d level su p p o sed ly sealing in the N eo lith ic d e p o sits at N ia h Cave first reported by H a rris s o n in 1959 and qu o ted by every c o m m e n ta to r o n the site since that time T h e re is in fact no s u c h d a te fro m N iah (M S priggs 1989:603) T h e o th e r p ro b le m is the m ix in g -u p o f the d e p th s and p laces o f the included w e re Spriggs (1 9 ) has s h o w n , the c h ro n o lo g ica l u n a c ce tab le lie se and d o u b le-spouted T he most that c a n be inferred fro m the early excavatim s is that there was p ro b ab ly a N eolithic cenetery there incorporating ja r burial, a tradiion w hich became w idespread during the Braize A ge, and which m ig h t date back into the econd m illennium BC (H ig h am 1996: 301) taking sa m p le s (M S p rig g s 1989: 603) G lo v er (1 9 -.177-178) has s h o w n that it A I I E a rly p e rio d -C e n tra l and S o u th V ie tn a m : is difficult to d isc o v e r from the m any prelim inary pub lic a tio n s on the N iah C ave e x c a v a tio n s exactly w hen pottery appears in the a rc h aeological there, and first sequence its subsequent developm ent F o r instance, on one n d Ciolson c o n c lu d e d that the e a rliest pottery, at the in level, m ight ap p e ar 8.000 years as long as ago On the o ther hand, it is c le a r fro m B a rb a H a rris s o n ’s an aly sis that the e a rlie st o f the n eo lith ic' It in cluds over 20 sites, w hich were burials in the c e m e te r y area, w h ic h includes ranged from cDout 3500 BP to 2700 /2 0 BP at m o st o f the pottery, m u s t be d a te d to 0 B c the sa m e spa o f tim e as the C h a m b e r A of or after; and at least tw o o f th ese M an n u n g u l burials "ave-Palaw an and N eolithic contain bronze or c o p p e r tools In a d d ition to C em etery at iiah Cave-Sarawak T hese were pottery d ata here I w ant to e m p h a s iz e this occupation-sits or occupation-buriai sites I 'NU Journal ( Science, Soc., Sci., Human., No IE, 2002 47 Jar burials tradition in Southeast Asia M etal and glass artifacts have not yet been Here we w ant to give su p p le m e n ta ry found The urn burials (except the infant pot- m ate ria ls g a th e re d from the hight plateau in burial) were o f various kinds o f jar o r pot with S outhern part o f V ie tn a m -th e the lids in form o f the other pot o r pedestal area" In this a re a there w ere recognized 48 vessel, in some cases, there were uncovered the sites, w hich b e long to the Late N eolithic-E arly spherical the e g g -sh a p e d jars M etal A ge Some ja r burials contained nothing, but in the H anoi Institute others there were provided the grav e goods, c ould which incluJe the stone im plem ents, orn am e n ts e a rlie r is c h a c te riz e d and pottery vessels The oc c u p atio n sites are sho u ld e re d and q u a d n g u la r ax e s and adzes located on lie sand dune or slow m o u n d o r hill with sm all or a verage m e a s u re s , c o rd -m ark e d , nearby the water sources, the j a r burials alw ays incised c o a rs e pottery In s o m e c a se s w e can have been b u n d within the settlem ents There see and ap liq u e o r p u n c tu a ted d ecoration The were found :he occupation-hurial site from this stone hoes rarely o c c u rre d a n d all o f them are period on the Island Cti Lao Chain, Q uang Nam small province and Island Ly Son, Quang Ngai province uncovered T h e c o ffin vessels are g lo b u la r pots, Id s covered A c c o rd in g to 'T a y N tytyen rese a rc h rs o f A rc h a e o lo g y , these from site be d e v id e d into tw o su b-phases The The ja r b urials by the also p rese n c e o f have been of the ja rs are jo in e d m o u th to m o u th and placed Central Vietnam and Southeast Islands we can vertically in the g ro u n d T h e latter one, beside see very clearly that their c o m m o n traits were these features, there w ere yield e d the large the funeral rites, especially the using pottery stone hoes, big ja r burials, m o u ld s for bronze vessel as the coffins, som e sim ila r w ays o f casting pottery surface treatm ent and it is possible that Plateau in S o u th e rn part o f V ie tn a m is the stone implements a lso shared so m e similarities h o m ela n d o f n u m b e r o f m in o r eth n ic groups But w hich W hile com paring between them two there a s se m b la g e s w ere not single difference, particularly in the potterv form s and stone tools and ornam ents Infact, there are not m uch oppotinitics to observe the data from Southeast Is antis jai-burials sites, blit these We w ish b e long to e m p h a s iz e both to that A u stro a siatic H igh and A u stro n e sian la n g u a g e fam ilies T he using of jar as a burial c o ffin is c o m m o n p h e n o m e n o n in this period for the large a re a w hich e x te n d e d from m o u n ta in to coastal reg io n s in* Central ones we coulJ see o f the publications led us to and part o f S o u th e rn V ietnam the opinions that in two areas there were established a id developed the d istin c t c u ltu ral traditions w i n own characteristics in ea ch and their similarities m ig h t be the results B.I S o u t h e a s t A s i a n I s l a n d s : of e xchanges anJ m ultiform relationships than the people s movements I XU Journo/ ojScierce, Soc Sc I , Human , A B L a t e p e r i o d : T h is period a lso w as term ed differently a m ong the arc h a e o lg ists su ch as Early M etal 2007 Lam Thi My Dzung 48 Phase and B ellw ood arg u e that the ja r burial tradition M etal A g e (F o x ), C fts m a h s h ip is seen at its m o st elaborate in the islands (B ellw ood); D eveloped E a rly M e ta l A ge a round the C elebes and Sulu Seas (Northern Stage (for In donesia) (Soejono) Sites o f this period are far m o re n u m ero u s than the e a rlie r N eolithic sites It is w orthy to note that ja r burial is on ly on e o f several funeral structures or c o n ta in e rs , w h ic h were recognized o n the Islands b e lo n g in g to the last Borneo, T a la u d , Central and Southern Philippines), and here it involved the placing of prev io u slv -e x p o sed secondary burials in large jars or b o n e -b o x e s provided with lids T he jars w ere placed e ither o n the floors or fairly rem ote c a v e s or in pits dud into o pen sites m ille n n iu m B c T h e sites a round the Celebes and Sulu Indonesia: Seas-the T a b o n Caves, the "K alanay" sites, and U rn burials are k n o n w at A n y a r in west Java; N g m b e in e ast Java; T e b in g tin g g i in south Sum atra; N iah in S a raw a k (n o w E a ste rn M alaya); G ilim a n u k an d C e k ik in w est Bali; Sa'bang in c e ntral Sulaw esi; S alay ar Island; and M e lo lo in Sum ba; P la w a n g a n in north-central the sites of ea ste rn Sabah and T alaud-do share very clo se ly related pottery assem blages with iron and copper/bronze during the first m illle n n iu m A D J a r burial is the predom inant rite in this characterisics region, is and sm all an o th er pottery c om m on bone box (Bellw ood 1985:314) Java T he d istribution is a lre a d y q u ite w ide but urn-fields are c o n fin e d to coastal districts (G lover 1979:180) T h e p ractice o f j a r burial was p red o m in an t m a in ly in the m o re easterly parts o f Indonesia, but in m a n y o f the southern Indonesian sites the j a r burials o c c u r to g h eth e r with e x te n d e d burials, as noted in section VI B for the sites o f P la w a n g a n in Ja v a (B ellw ood 1985:304) and G ilim a n u k in Bali (P Soejono 1979:186-198) M atiungul Cave sừe- Chamber B (Palawan): Jar burial sites have been excavated in the Early M etal A g e in Philippines which include in the a sse m b la g e o f artefacts both socketed bronze adzes, sm all trapezoidal or quadranglar stone adzes and possibly iron Charcoal from M a n u n g g u l Cave (C h a m b e r B), associated with thirty fragm ents o f iron objects, yielded a c 14 de te rm in a tio n o f + /-1 0 B p or 190 B.C H o w e v er Fox g ave the 00 B c date for the Philippines: early m etals-bronze and copper-found in the Jar burials are u n c o vered at K alanay, M a k ab o g , B atungan in M a sb a te ; San N a rc is o in P alaw an caves (F o x 1979:238) T h is asse m b la g e p ro d u c e d iron, glass T ayabas, M a n u n g g u l Cave ( C h a m b e r B), west- bracelets, glass and c a rn e lia n beads, and also central five acid-etched agate b e a d s sim ilar to those coast M indanao of P a law a n ; M a itu m in from Buidane C o p p er o r bronze item s occur in other j a r burial caves in the area, and include l ’NU Journal o f Science, Soc., Sci., Human., NfilE, 2002 49 Jill burials tradition in Soulhcasl Asia G ilim a n u ky n o rth -w e ste rn B ali: socketed axes and spearheads, a tanged and barbed arrow head, and a possible barbed E x c a v atio n s at G ilim a n u k in 1963, 1964 harpoon A xe casting m oulds, gold heads, and jade lingling'O earrings have also been found A fter analysis Be 11wood has suggested that the T abon (i.e M a nungul) jar burial se q uence will resem ble the sequence from the Sabah sites and belong m ainly in the first m ille n n iu m AD a n d m o re rec e n tly in 1973, p ro d u ce d evidence o f coastal se ttle m e n t d u rin g late prehistoric tim es (R P S o e jo n o e x c a v a tio n c a rrie d se cto rsp ro d u c e d 1979:185) out in 1963 e n c o u g in g Selective on results three Beside re m n a n ts o f pottery a n d shell a n u m b e r o f (Be 11wood 1985: 312) burials, a m o n g th e m a d o u b le urn burial, were Most of M alaysia, Sabah, Southern ja r burials E astern Central in E astern Indonesia, T alau Islands, and Indonesia sites Southern and Philippines, Sulawesi such as Leang Buidane, A g o p Atas, P u su sa m a n g , Bukit Tengkorak, M agsuhot, M elolo w ere d ated m ainly in the first m ille n n iu m A D (Be 11w ood 1985: 301-316) four m a in s y s te m s re c o g n iz e d at the site Urn burials (fouth s y s te m ) o c c u rre d o n ly twice at the G ilim a n u k site, but a re unique bec au se o f the use o f d o u b le ja r s as a funeral m ed iu m A c c o rd in g to S o e jo n o th e c u s to m o f using d o u b le ja rs did not exist M ailumt Saranggani Province in Mindanao: The In d e scrib ed as follow: 1991, a n th ropom orphic se co n d a ry 830+ /-60 B.p (calibrated date o f A D to 370) and 1920+/-50 B.p (cai.date o f B.C to A I).225) T h e radiocarbon dates w ere obtained from the soot sa m ples taken from the sm all earthenw are vessel found inside o n e o f the anthropom orphic burial jar T h e se burial jars are m ade o f ea rth en w a re desig n e d and form ed figures with d o u b le j a r burials at G ilim a n u k w ere in A y u b Cave, Pinol, M aitum T he site had be e n dated to hum an (1 9 :1 -1 ), a n y w h e re in In d o n esia , e x c e p t at G ilim an u k burial jars were discovered like recovered a lm o st intact J a r burial is o n e o f the c o m p le te facial characteristics T h e se were a sso ciated with metal im plem ents; g lass beads a n d bracelets; shell spoon, scoop, bracelets and pendants; earthenw are potteries with incised de sig n s and cut-out foot-rings; n o n a n th ro p o m o rp h ic burial jars (A rchaeology) T h e ja r s arc jo in e d m outh to m outh cmd p la c ed vertically in the g ro u n d T h e lo w er ja r, which is bigger than one on to p , tained a seco n d a ry b u rial o f a single pearson Skeletons in tlie ja rs o f G iỉim anuk w ere n o t fu rn ish e d with gifts V ery in teresting w as th e disco very o f evident hum an sa crifice in co n n ectio n with ja r burial here A skeleto n in p ro stra te position was fo u n d below a d o u b le ja r T h e skull sq u eezed tow ards b a ckw ards, the backw ards, back, seem ed the and to elb o w s the indicate legs p u lled fo ld e d intentional killing The p la cin g o f skeleto n s in ja r s seem s to h a ve been ca rried o u t in a fe w cases o f d ecea sed p erso n s o f p ro m in en t status The sa crificed p erso n w as p resu m a b ly intended to IM Journal o f Science, Sot S c i, Human , Soil:, 2002 Lam Thi Mv D zung 50 accom pany the em inent deceased on his journey to the hereafter (Soejono 1979:196-197) E xcept these, among the potshards, m aking A great num ber o f bronze im plem ents, sh o w n the closed relationships with D ong Son culture to the North In the final stage (I, II BC uncovered at the site there w ere sherds o f more than usual thickness and recognized as the frag m en ts o f jars Several bro k en specim ens of this kind o f pottery co n ta in ed disintegrated h u m a n skeletons This indicates that jars had a su p p le m e n ta ry function as burial jars ( S o e jo n o l9 : 192) T he a sse m b la g e s o f grave goods o f burials from Clilimanuk have show n the pottery apparently like that from Buni O ther gra\eg o ods include localised socketed h eart-shaped bronze form , axes a tanged of a iron spearhead, an iron d a g g e r with a bronze h a n d e (like M a in la n d Southeast A sia bim etallic f o m s from Ban C hia n g , Shizhaishan, G o M a Voi, D ong Son, C u o n g Ha), beads og gold, glaỉS a nd carnelian, and a range o f o ther items of w hich gold e y e covers like those o f the Bmi c o m p le x are the most striking N o stone tods w ere found w ith the burials, and as a whole tie a s se m b la g e m a y belong to the early or mil-fi'St to I AD), the H an C hina influences were m ille n n iu m A D ( B e llw o o d 1985:301) sfrong, these m ight bé c a m e by the political w ay, at this juncture, northern and central parts B.I Central and Southern Vietnam: It includes over 70 sites, w hich o f Central V ietnam w ere H an District "N hat W ir e ranged from about 260 BP to I AD Alrrust are ja r burial sites, located on the san du n e )r slow hill and m o u n d along the coastal and ri\er or the old flow or river T here w ere ako uncovered the j a r burials on the islands The iron and bronze artifacts Nơm " Since 1975 a further 1000 burials of the Sa H u y n h culture, dating from the period o f 600 BC -100 A D have been recorded and excavated N e w regions with n u m e ro u s sites that c a n be recognised as local gro u p s or settlem ent cores were have becom e know n th ro u g h this research The c o m m o n a m o n g the grave goods T h e re were areas in Can G io district, S outheast o f Sai Gon revealed the evid e n c e s o f local iron and g las and Hoi A n (Lam T hi M y D z u n g 1998) and in VNU Journal o f Science Soc,, Sci., Human., No IE, 2002 Iill huriiils tradition in Soilhcast Asia 51 Q uc Lot and Duy Xuyen districts in Quang primilary a nalyses o f resin from H au X a II Nam province (keiiK'cke, N gu y e n C hicu and cem etery Lam Thi My Dzung 2002), arc o f particular sim ilar in c o m position to m o d ern D ipterocarp importantce resin The sim ilar results also have provided o f Beside the jar burials (w hich was certainly the m ost popular funeral rite in Sa H uynh have show n that the residue are the sam ples from Spirit Cave and N o e n U- loke (Thailand) culture) there were lecogm zed and extended It is difficult to c o m p a re the j a r burials burials in several cem eteries, for instance in from Southeast A sian Island and those from Hau X a I, Binh Chau, G o Ma Voi , Bau Tram - Central 1ia n g Doniz Du This practice also is fam iliar ch ro n o lo g ial o rder T h o se from Islands m ostly with som e burials sites on islands belong to first m ille n n iu m A D , w hile the Sa and Southern V ie tn a m due to H uynh culture ja r burials were dated from 0 T here was and practice o f using two jars BC to I AD W e have not uncovered yet the j a r burials w hich belong to period after II A D T h e sim ilarities and in pottery o rn am e n ts in two asse m b la g e s were subjects o f m u c h studies of Solheim , H igham of Be 11wood, The their reasons sim ilary were e xplained also bv the m o v em e n ts o f people or e x c h a n g e netw ork W e as the o uter and inner cofins At G o Dua site want only to psescnt as detailed as possible the (D uy X uycn district, Ọ u a n g N am province) we data from two regions tw o show that each o f have uncovered a group o f five burials o f this them evolved differently Everv region had it's kind In the o th er sites the double jar coffins own features, w hile sharing several c o m m o n also characteristics have been provided but as a single occasion On the o ther hand, it is w orthy to The Using o f resin to join the cover-rim indicated that the ja r burials were the funeral and jar-m oulh was abundant In the case of ph e n o m e n o n w hich appeared in s o m e hudge extended burial at G o M a Voi site, the grave areas in E urope and A sia at the apro x im ate ly goods were laid on the resin platform The sam e IM Journal o f Science, Soc , Sc I Human , 2002 period over 3000 BP (H F o k k e n s Lam Thi My Dzung 52 1997:360) T h e g e n e sis o f this p h e n o n m e n o n in " category " o f people united by and identity o f E urope w as related to m ig r a tio n (C hild 1958: though, beliefs, dayly activities and ethnicity 178); social c h a n g e o r e c o n o m ic proce sse s or (ibit 41) This opinion is also valid in the case crices F o k k e n s (1 9 ) has s e e n the c h a n g e s in of burial rites, s e ttle m e n t stru c tu re and ho a rd in g V ietnam jar-burials tradition Southeast A sia n Islands and C entral p ractices in the L o w e r R h in e B asin as the T h o u g h the conventional view is th a t the results of a tra n s fo r m a tio n of ideology, the dispersal o f ja r burilas was the m a jo r c o n sisten t w ith the d iss o lu tio n o f a s o c ie ty into contribution o f A u s tro n e s ia n spe ak in g people sm aller, m o re a u to n o m o u s so c ia l units th ro u g h m o v em e n ts (B ellw ood 1985, H ig h a m 1996,2001 ) w e have to indicate that these the expansion o f the exchange netw ork (ibit 360) c E a s t A s ia : peoples were habitated C e n tra l V ie tn a m in the period as early as in S outheast A sia n Islands In the F a r E a st, j a r b u rials w ere a lready T he proposal date is a b o u t 3500 BP T hese k n o w n in C h in a 's Y a n g s h a o C u ltu re and in groups o f A u stro n e sian p eo p les to g e th e r w ith J a p a n d u rin g the m id d le -la te J o m o n period, the but, in both cases, this fu n e ry c u s to m seem s Central V ie tn a m to be practiced not o n a large sc a le b u t lim ited created the new c u ltu res , w hich partly w ere to defined as Pre-Sa H u y n h ia n T he Sa H u y n h ordinary use (R iotto 1995:40) H o w e v er, in the culture a K o re a o f the Iro n A g e - P r o to T h r e e K in g d o m s com bination o f a native culture and the new periods a n d in J a p a n d u r in g the Y a y o i period, technology from the o u tsid e T h e re are m an y j a r burials b e c o m e so fre q u e n tly used In both features and rem ains, the origin o f w h ic h can countries, ja r burials w e re d istrib u te d in lim ited be found locally fro m th e internal pre- Sa areas In K orea, j a r bụ ria ls in c o m b in a tio n with H uy n h ia n developm ent F o r e x am ple, there are shell m o u n d s have b e e n p re s e n te d the one o f jar-coffin two traditions, w h ic h w ere re c o g n iz e d in Iron incised and painted p o tte ry existing in the Pre- Age for Sa H u y n h cultures S o m e o f decorative items so u th e rn c o astal a rea a n d c u ltu ral artifacts and are provided from their p ro to ty p e s from earlier cu s to m s m a y v e b e e n traveled a lo n g the period W hile a c cepting the role o f people's coastal route (C hoi S u n g -ra k 1996: 35) R iotto m o vem ents at certain lev e l W e believe that (1995) recognized that j a r burials are found in m ost o f the people w h o w