CONDITIONALSENTENCES If clause Main clause Type S + V ( present) Type Type Mixed type S + will / can/ may/must/should/ought to (imperative) + V Dự đốn kết xảy tương lai điều kiện đáp ứng o Ex: If I (have)………… time, I (finish) that letter →…………………………………………………… o Nobody (notice)……… if you (make)…… a mistake →…………………………………………………… o If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus →…………………………………………………… ẩn IF: Should S + V ( present), S will S + V ( past simple) S + would / could / should +( not) + V Nói đến điều khơng có thực ,hay khó xảy tương lai, ước muốn ( thực tế xảy ra) Ex: If Marry (be)…… here ,she (be) …… very happy →…………………………………………………… If he (leave)…… her,he (be)……… happier →…………………………………………………… If she (live)…… by the sea,she (learn)………… to swim →…………………………………………………… Dùng để khuyên hay đề nghị làm Ex: If I (be)………… you ,I (leave)………… her →…………………………………………………… ẩn IF: “to be” : were S…., S + would / could / should +( not) + V infinitive “V” : Were S to V, S + would / could / should +( not) + V infinitive S + V ( past perfect) S + would / could / should + (not) + have + Vpp Nói kiện kết khơng thể xảy khứ - mang tính ước muốn khứ ( thực tế xảy ra) Ex:If he (have)…………… much time ,he (finish)……… all the test →…………………………………………………… If they (had)……… enough money, they (buy)………… that villa →…………………………………………………… Ẩn IF: Had S + Vpp, S + would / could / should + (not) + have + Vpp (1) If S + V ( past simple) (có thật QK) (2) If S + V ( past subjunctive/ simple past/ were ) (không thật Hiện Tại) (3) If S + V ( past perfect) (không thật QK) S + Will/may/can ( not) + V0 S + would +have ( not) + Vpp S + would ( not) + V0 Diễn tả hành động khứ kết kéo dài đến (now) (type 2+1) Điều kiện khơng có thật dẫn dến tình không thật khứ (type 1+3) Điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ dẫn dến tình không thật (type 3+2) Ex1: If they (work)……… hard last night, They ( be)……… very tired now Ex2: He is not a good student He didn’t study for the test yesterday If ……………………………………………………………… Ex3: I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now If ……………………………………………………………… Zero type: Trong phần lớn câu điều kiện loại zero , sử dụng When If mà nghĩa câu giữ nguyên Câu điều kiện loại zero thường dùng để thật hiển nhiên Ex: If / When you heat water to 100 degrees ,it boils Note : Cách chuyển câu điều kiện: UNLESS = IF……NOT Eg: If you don't leave, I'll call the police Unless ……………………………………………………………… If you (miss)………….the match last night, you (not talk)…………………… about it Unless ……………………………………………………………… Nếu câu giả định thì chuyển thành câu điều kiện lọai 2,và Nếu câu giả định khứ chuyển thành câu điều kiện lọai Ex: I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you If I……………………………………………………………… Ex: I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy If I ……………………………………………………………… Result -BECAUSE - reason If reason ,result Ex: I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address If ……………………………………………………………… Ex: I don’t know the answer ,so I can’t tell you If ……………………………………………………………… With/ Without + N = If there + were + not + N (phrase), S + could/would not + V = If S + had +not + V pp, S + could/would not + have + Vpp Ex: Without the sun, man would live in the darkness If there ……………………………………………………………… Without your money, I wouldn’t have bought a new bicycle If you hadn’t……………………………………………………………… Ex: If you help me, I can finish this asignment With your ……………………………………………………………… Imperative or S+ V If S + V, S2 + V Ex: Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision If …………………………………………………… Even if = even though (dù là, cho là) Ex: You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready Whether … = if …or Ex: You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not But for = if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been for + N (phrase) :nếu khơng Ex: My father pays my fees But for that I wouldn’t be here If …………………………………………………… The car broke down But for that we would have been in time If …………………………………………………… Otherwise = if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened (nếu không) Ex: I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have been taken longer = If I ……………………………………………… 10 Provided (that) will on condition (that) S + V, S may + V as long as can so long as (miễn ,với điều kiện là) should Ex:You can camp here provided you leave no mess 11 In case ( phòng khi,trong trường hợp) Ex:Take an umbrella because it might rain = In case it rains , take an umbrella In case of + noun = if there is a/an noun Ex: In case of accident phone 999 = if ther e is an accident phone 999 13.If so/ If not ( Nếu ,nếu không thế) Ex: There is a possibility that Jane refuses our offer If so ,we’ll have to find another person Perhaps Tom won’t come If not , I’ll take his place