english gerund and infinities

LESSON 3: FUNCTION OF A GERUNDVERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND Function of a Gerund The main functions of the Gerund are: the Subject, the Object and the Predicative O The Subject Eg: Gambling is a very dangerous occupation.  O The Object Eg: He was accused of having stolen this necklace.  O The Predicative Eg: The main occupations of the Slavonic tribes were hunting, fishing, bee-keeping and herding.  Verbs Followed by a Gerund Excuse Mean (=involve) Prefer Fancy Mind Prevent Finish Miss Propose Forgive Neglect Recollect Give up Pardon Remember Continue Hate Postpone Resent Delay Imagine Practise Resist Intend Prefer Risk Involve Prevent Save Keep Propose Start Like Recollect Stop Love Remember Suggest Admit Appreciate Begin Consider Deny Detest Dislike Dread Enjoy Escape Understand Eg: Most people enjoy writing letters to their friends Eg: Tom avoids studying his lessons as long as possible LESSON 4: COMMON EXPRESSIONS FOLLWED BY A GERUND - VERBS FOLLED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A TO -INFINITIVE Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive 1. Remember (nhớ) và forget (quên) –     Remember / forget + to-infinitive Eg:       Please remember to return the book tomorrow –     Remember/ forget + verb-ing:Forget + verb-ing Eg:       I’m sure I locked the door I clearly remember locking it 2. Regret (tiếc; hối tiếc) –     Regret + to-infinitive: Eg:       We regret to tell you that we are unable to help you –     Regret + verb-ing Eg:       I regret leaving school at 14 – It was a big mistake 3. Stop (ngừng) –     Stop + to-infinitive Eg:       We stopped to rest –     Stop + verb-ing Eg:       There’s too much noise Can you all stop talking, please? 4. Try (cố gắng; thử) –     Try + to-infinitive Eg:       I tried to move the table, but it was too heavy –     Try + verb-ing: thử nghiệm Eg:       Try phoning his home number 5. Go on (tiếp tục) –     Go on + to-infinitive Eg:       After discussing the economy, the minister went on to talk about foreign policy –     Go on + verb-ing Eg:       I can’t go on pretending that everything is okay when it clearly isn’t 6. Mean (có ý định; có nghĩa) –     Mean (+ object) + to-infinitive Eg:       Sorry, I didn’t mean to interrupt you –     Mean + verb-ing        Eg:       Spending all the money today means starving tomorrow 7 Động từ tri giác (hear, see, notice,.ẽ.) –     Hear, see … + object + bare-infinitive Eg:       I saw Tom get into his car and drive away.    We all felt the house shake –     Hear, see, … + object + verb-ing Eg:       As I passed his house I heard him practicing the piano  Advise (khuyên), allow, permit (cho phép), forbid (cấm), recommend (đề nghị), encourage (khuyến khích) –     Advise, allow,… + object + to-infinitive Eg:       The teacher permitted us to go out She encouraged her daughter to lose weight –     Advise, allow, … + verb-ing Eg:       The teacher permitted going out I wouldn’t advise taking the car There’s nowhere to park 9 Like (thích), love (yêu), hate (ghét), prefer (thích hơn) Eg:       I hate to stand/ standing up while I’m eating Eg:       On Sundays I like to sleep late             Do you like cooking? 10. Các động từ begin, start (bắt đầu), continue (tiếp tục), intend (dự định),bother (làm phiền), propose (dự định) Eg:       It has started to rain/ raining I intend to tell/ telling her what I think Exercise 1: Fill the gap with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets to return My friend promised (return _ the book very soon Most people enjoy (write) letters to writing their friends studying Tom avoids (study) his lessons as long as possible writing David finished (write) the report about four o’clock to leave How soon you expect (leave) for South America? trying Have you considered (try) something different? traveling Are you going to suggest (travel) by plane or not? I can’t stand (listen) to his complaints listening any longer working My father is retired He stops (working) now 10 Mrs Baker got them (keep) her house to keep 11 She wanted the letter (send) at once to be sent 12 It will make difference (try) at this time 13 I look forward to (hear) from trying hearing Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d My father usually helps me _ English a to learn               b lean                      c learning                d both a and b He was heard _ shout a to                               b of                         c by                                  d at This student expected _ the first winner of the Grand Prix a be                              b being                     c to be                        d will be I told her _ about her wedding; everything will straighten out a Don't worry                 b not to worry            c no worry                        d not worry May I suggest you let _ a Mary doing so             b Mary so            c Mary does to                 d Mary to so She _ him when he called her a pretended not hear                                       b pretended she heard not c pretended not to hear                                   d did not pretend hear The doctor advised _ late a me not staying up         b me not stay up       c me not to stay up          d I did not stay up Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d I hope _ a to see you there      b seeing you there     c you to see there         d see you there I taught _ a how mending a shirt                                       b him how to mend a shirt c how mend a shirt                                           d him how mend a shirt I told _ a Nam to come           b to come Nam              c to Nam come             d Nam come My father has decided _ a new house a find               b to find                     c finding                   d him find Mother warned _ the electric plug a here not to touch      b her touching not           c her not touch             d not touch Don't tell Tan because I don't want _ a him to know             b know                          c him know                   d knowing She explained _ a how to make it          b me how to make it      c me to make it             d me make it Thank you  ...1 Function of a Gerund The main functions of the Gerund are: the Subject, the Object and the Predicative O The Subject Eg: Gambling is a very dangerous... EXPRESSIONS FOLLWED BY A GERUND - VERBS FOLLED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A TO -INFINITIVE Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive 1. Remember (nhớ) và forget (quên)... Enjoy Escape Understand Eg: Most people enjoy writing letters to their friends Eg: Tom avoids studying his lessons as long as possible LESSON 4: COMMON EXPRESSIONS FOLLWED BY A GERUND - VERBS FOLLED