Cloze tests assignment neww

The practice of measuring language proficiency or language comprehension by requiring examinees to restore words that have been removed from otherwise normal text.” (Jonz 1990)A technique for measuring reading comprehension. In a cloze test, words are removed from a reading passage at regular intervals, leaving blanks. For example, every fifth word may be removed. The reader must then read the passage and try to guess the missing words.” (Richards, Platt, and Weber, 1985, Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics.)

METHODOLOGY ASSIGNMENT Group 2: Nguyễn Cao Diệp Trương Thị Thanh Nhàn Nguyễn Thị Phương Thủy Đặng Thị Thu Hằng Đặng Thị Ngọc Uyên Cloze Test I Definition II Purposes III Characteristics IV Advantages and Disadvantages V Types VI How to design VII Conclusion What’s cloze test? I Definition “The practice of measuring language proficiency or language comprehension by requiring examinees to restore words that have been removed from otherwise normal text.” (Jonz 1990) “A technique for measuring reading comprehension In a cloze test, words are removed from a reading passage at regular intervals, leaving blanks For example, every fifth word may be removed The reader must then read the passage and try to guess the missing words.” (Richards, Platt, and Weber, 1985, Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics.) I Definition A cloze test/ cloze deletion test) is an exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of language with certain items, words, or signs removed (cloze text), where the participant is asked to replace the missing language item Cloze tests require the ability to understand context and vocabulary in order to identify the correct language or part of speech that belongs in the deleted passages II Purposes The Cloze Test is intended to measure students’ ability to decode interrupted or mutilated messages by making the most acceptable substitutions from all the contextual clues available II Purposes - Diagnostically determine the extent to which students are able to monitor the meaning while reading II Purposes - To determine which cueing systems students effectively employ to construct meaning from print material II Purposes - To assess the student’s use of prior knowledge II Purposes - To assess the extent of students’ words and grammatical structures V Types Based on how the blanks are created; generally, there are two kinds of cloze: fixed-ratio and rational deletion • Fixed-ratio (nth word deletion): – Delete every nth word, no matter what word it is (n=5~11 in normal practice) • Rational deletion (selective deletion) – The words are deleted on the basis of some rational decision The Varieties of Cloze Test • In the fixed-ratio method, every n-th word is indiscriminately deleted n is its frequency that determines the number of deletions • The interval deletion of cloze test is between 3rd – 11th word • The most widely favoured for deletion: 5th, 6th, and 7th • Variable-ratio method omits only certain kind of words which the constructor thinks of the importance for a certain purposes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, etc Four types of blank (or deletion) Based on the amount of info needed to fill in the blank, there are four types of deletion (Bachman 1985) – Type deletion: within clause – Type deletion: across clause(s), within sentence – Type deletion: across sentences, within text – Type deletion: extra-textual ( based on prior/background knowledge) • Note: • Recognized set phrase for which there is only one possibility to fill the blank (and you cannot rely on your syntactic knowledge or follow any rules) Type deletion • Examples: • interested in; be interested ; addition to; opportunities practice A note to type four deletion • Note: • Recognized set phrase for which there is only one possibility to fill the blank (and you cannot rely on your syntactic knowledge or follow any rules) Type deletion • Examples: • interested in; be interested ; addition to; opportunities practice Examples of types of deletion Their primary purpose is usually _ give religious instruction to children Joe is a freshman, and he _ having all the problems that most _ have As a matter of fact, his _ started before he even left home _ general, people like her The bachelor’s degree can _ followed by professional studies, _ lead to degrees in _ professions as law and _, and graduate studies, which _ to master’s and doctoral _ VI How to design How to make a fixed-ratio cloze? • Selection of the passage: – topics, rhetorical modes, level of difficulty, length (50 deletions; one sentence in the beginning and end has to be left intact) • Test different values of n – to make sure that four types of deletion are all included (if for general reading comprehension) • Decide on the scoring method • Prepare the answer key – get professional native speakers’ responses for acceptable word method Score Two scoring methods • Exact word method – The test taker scores if and only if the answer is exactly the same as the original word of the text • Acceptable (or appropriate) word method (or acceptable alternative or contextually appropriate method) – Any responses that match the criteria below • Grammatically correct • Make good sense in the context Scoring The Cloze Test When a cloze passage, developed on the basic of the criteria explaned above, is given student as a test, it should be somehow scored To scored a cloze test, every blank is considered an item Among available techniques, two methods are quite practical: Exact word method ( EWM) and Acceptable word method (AWM) Exact Word Method Of Scoring • In EWM, the words produced by the testees receive credit if and only if they correspond to the originally deleted words Consider the example passage given before in which every 7th word is deleted Suppose a student fills in the blanks as follow: Education has two goals First, it PROVIDES means so that we may earn OUR living Some of these tools are main tools, such as reading or writing There are technical skills, such as typing, management, and data processing Still others are HIGHLY professional skills peculiar for example, to speaking, to science, and to teaching Secondly, education provides experience so that we can understand how to live Education provides a knowledge of ideas for using the past IT provieds a sense of values for MEETING the future In this passage, blanks 1, 2, 6, 11 and 12 ( written in capital letters) are filled with the words that correspond to the originally deleted words Therefore, they are given credit That is, the student's score on this test will be out of 12 Since the other words provided by the student not correspond to the originally deleted words, they would not be given any credit Acceptable Word Method of Scoring • Some people believe that acceptable word method of scoring is not quite fair because it is difficult to fill in the blanks with originally deleted words Therefore, they offer an alternative way of scoring a cloze test, i.e., the acceptable word method Of course, the procedures followed in AWM are the same as those in EWM The only difference is that in this method, any word which makes sense in the context of the passage is considered correct and given credit Education has two goals First, it (1) PROVIDES means so that we may earn OUR living Some of these tools are main tools, such as reading or writing There are technical skills, such as typing, management, and data processing Still others are HIGHLY professional skills peculiar for example, to speaking, to science, and to teaching Secondly, education provides experience so that we can understand how to live Education provides a knowledge of ideas for using the past IT provieds a sense of values for MEETING the future That is, in the above example, items 3, 5, and would be taken as correct because they are meaningful in the context and not distort the meaning of the passage In fact they are substituted for the original words basic, accouting, it, and learn, respectively Thus, these items are also credit to make the same student's score out of 12 Items 4, and 10 (italicized) are not correct because they not make sense in the context, and thus they are not given any credit in either EWM and AWM Advantages and Disadvantages of EWM and AWM Exact Word Method Of Scoring • The advantage of EWM is that it is objective and easy to apply That is, no scorer judgment is needed in order to score the test • However, it has the disadvantage of lowering the students' scores Acceptable Word Method • On the other hand, AWM increases the students' scores • But it is somehow subjective and difficult to apply The problem is that determining the words which might be acceptable for particular blank is both subjective and beyond the ability of most EFL teachers In other words, most ELF teachers would not feel comfortable with deciding on all appropriate and acceptable words for a deletion CON PHAN CONCLUSION ... Linguistics.) I Definition A cloze test/ cloze deletion test) is an exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of language with certain items, words, or signs removed (cloze text), where the... item Cloze tests require the ability to understand context and vocabulary in order to identify the correct language or part of speech that belongs in the deleted passages II Purposes The Cloze. .. context Scoring The Cloze Test When a cloze passage, developed on the basic of the criteria explaned above, is given student as a test, it should be somehow scored To scored a cloze test, every