The challenge of democracy american government in global politics the essentials 9th edition janda test bank

CHAPTER 2: The Constitution SHORT ANSWER Please define the following term Declaration of Independence ANS: Answers will vary REF: 48 social contract theory ANS: Answers will vary REF: 48 republic ANS: Answers will vary REF: 49 confederation ANS: Answers will vary REF: 50 Articles of Confederation ANS: Answers will vary REF: 50 Virginia Plan ANS: Answers will vary REF: 52 legislative branch ANS: Answers will vary REF: 52 executive branch ANS: Answers will vary REF: 52 judicial branch ANS: Answers will vary REF: 52 10 New Jersey Plan ANS: Answers will vary REF: 53 11 Great Compromise ANS: Answers will vary REF: 54 12 republicanism ANS: Answers will vary REF: 56 13 federalism ANS: Answers will vary REF: 57 14 separation of powers ANS: Answers will vary REF: 57 15 checks and balances ANS: Answers will vary REF: 58 16 extraordinary majority ANS: Answers will vary REF: 58 17 enumerated powers ANS: Answers will vary REF: 60 18 necessary and proper clause ANS: Answers will vary REF: 60 19 implied powers ANS: Answers will vary REF: 60 20 judicial review ANS: Answers will vary REF: 61 21 supremacy clause ANS: Answers will vary REF: 61 22 Bill of Rights ANS: Answers will vary REF: 66 MULTIPLE CHOICE The 2007 European Reform Treaty did all but a plan for an European Union president b create a diplomatic service under a single foreign-affairs head c create a centralized debt-refinancing agency for indebted countries d drop state-like symbols and terminology e reduce the number of areas requiring unanimity among member nations ANS: C REF: 44 NOT: F By 2012, members of the European Union (EU) agreed to greater central authority over their respective economies, with the exception of a Sweden b France c Germany d Great Britain e Italy ANS: D REF: 44 NOT: F Which of the following European nations was not debt-ridden and did not suffer questions from creditors during 2012? a Greece b Ireland c Italy d Spain e Germany ANS: E REF: 44 NOT: F The U.S Constitution contains about _ words a 4,300 b 11,500 c 17,500 d 36,000 e 52,000 ANS: A REF: 45 NOT: F The United States Constitution was written in a 1607 b 1683 c 1713 d 1787 e 1824 ANS: D REF: 45 NOT: F American colonists in the eighteenth century under Great Britain a enjoyed freedoms denied most other people in the world at that time b had considerable economic liberty but saw their freedom of speech and assembly restricted c had freedoms of speech and assembly but saw their access to trade and professions restricted d were relatively free except they were compelled to follow the official religion of the British crown e saw their religion, economic liberties, and freedoms of speech and assembly all severely restricted by the British government ANS: A REF: 45 |46 NOT: F The Declaration of Independence was based on input from many people, but its primary author was a James Madison b John Quincy Adams c Benjamin Franklin d George Washington e Thomas Jefferson ANS: E REF: 48 NOT: F The idea that the people agree to establish rulers for certain purposes, but they have the right to resist or remove rulers who violate those purposes, is also known as a socialism b social contract theory c republicanism d the revolutionary right e confederalism ANS: B REF: 48 NOT: C In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson’s statement that “all men are created equal” is similar to which theorist’s belief that government is based on the “consent of the governed”? a James Madison b John Adams c John Hancock d Joseph Ellis e John Locke ANS: E REF: 48 NOT: A 10 Which document proclaimed, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights”? a Locke’s Second Treatise of Government b The Treaty of Lisbon c The Declaration of Independence d The Articles of Confederation e The Constitution ANS: C REF: 48 NOT: F 11 The “unalienable rights” identified by the Declaration of Independence are a life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness b freedom of speech, press, and assembly c life, liberty, and property ownership d the right to own property and bear arms to protect it e equality, liberty, and equal protection ANS: A REF: 48 NOT: F 12 According to the Declaration of Independence, when a government fails to secure the people’s unalienable rights, a the people may use any nonviolent method of protest against it b it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it c the people still owe the government their loyalty d Options A, B, and C are true e None of the above is true ANS: B REF: 48 NOT: C 13 A result of the Second Continental Congress was a the adoption of the Declaration of Independence b a plan for the Boston Tea Party c a brief reconciliation with Britain d the decision to create thirteen colonies e increases in colonial taxes paid to England ANS: A REF: 49 NOT: F 14 Which of the following states was not present at the Second Continental Congress’ vote for independence? a Delaware b Massachusetts c Rhode Island d North Carolina e Georgia ANS: C REF: 49 NOT: F 15 A greater percentage of the United States population died or was wounded during the Revolution than in any other U.S conflict except a the Seven Years’ War b the War of 1812 c the Civil War d World War II e the Vietnam War ANS: C REF: 49 NOT: F 16 A republic is a government a resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives b based on majority law c ruled by two political parties d ruled by a monarch e divided by two opposing cultures but ruled by one ruler ANS: A REF: 49 NOT: F 17 A confederation can best be described as a a loose association of independent states b a government without a monarch c a government ruled by a dictator d a form of socialism e smaller units of government controlled by a larger government unit ANS: A REF: 50 NOT: F 18 The compact among the thirteen original colonies that established the United States in 1777 was known as the a Constitution b Articles of Confederation c Declaration of Independence d Fundamental Orders of the Republic e Democratic Convent ANS: B REF: 50 NOT: C 19 The Articles of Confederation failed because a they did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money b they did not include an independent leader to direct the government c they did not give the government the power to regulate commerce d Options A, B, and C are true e None of the above is true ANS: D REF: 50 |51 NOT: C 20 To amend the Articles of Confederation required a a majority vote b three-fifths vote c two-thirds vote d three-fourths vote e unanimous vote ANS: E REF: 51 NOT: F 21 Shays’s Rebellion consisted of a Massachusetts residents protesting New Hampshire’s import tax on their state’s products b farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for debts and taxes owed c Massachusetts residents protesting the national government’s tax on liquor d Bostonians throwing British tea into Boston Harbor e tobacco farmers protesting tariffs on their crops ANS: B REF: 51 NOT: F 22 Shays’s Rebellion indicated the a urgent need to maintain domestic order b unpopularity of the new national taxes c inability of the British to maintain a border presence d continuing threat to the United States from the Native Americans e ongoing religious conflicts between American Protestants and Catholics ANS: A REF: 51 NOT: F 23 Originally, the Constitutional Convention’s purpose was to a eliminate the power of the Second Continental Congress b overturn articles amended by the Second Continental Congress c revise the Articles of Confederation d file a formal tax protest with England e adopt a new constitution ANS: C REF: 52 NOT: F 24 A group of delegates to the Constitutional Convention proposed a powerful national government to replace the weak confederation of states This was known as the a Marshall Plan b Virginia Plan c New Jersey Plan d Connecticut Compromise e Grand Compromise ANS: B REF: 52 NOT: F 25 The law-enforcing branch of government is known as the a executive branch b legislative branch c judicial branch d federal branch e republican branch ANS: A REF: 52 NOT: C 26 A key component of the Virginia Plan was a equal legislative representation for all states b that essential powers would be kept within the states c a strong national legislature d an executive who would have absolute veto power over legislative actions e strong states’ rights ANS: C REF: 52 |53 NOT: F 27 One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans a provided for a legislature with two houses b based representation on state population c specified the creation of a system of national courts d left unspecified how many people the executive might have e gave the executive the right to veto legislation ANS: D REF: 52 |54 NOT: F 28 According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress? a There would be population-based representation in both houses b There would be one house, and representation in it would be based on population c States would have equal representation in one house and population-based representation in the other d There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it e Representation was to be based on the three-fifths compromise ANS: D REF: 53 |54 NOT: F 29 The Great Compromise provided for a a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states b a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other c a one-chamber legislature with representation based on population d a two-chamber legislature with representation based on population e upper-house members elected separately from lower-house members ANS: B REF: 54 NOT: F 30 The Great Compromise was also known as the Compromise because of the state delegation that initially proposed it a Virginia b New Jersey c Massachusetts d Pennsylvania e Connecticut ANS: E REF: 54 NOT: F 31 Under the Constitution, if no candidate wins a majority of the electoral vote, then the president will be selected by the a Supreme Court b House of Representatives c Senate d nation’s governors e free vote of the nation’s electors ANS: B REF: 55 NOT: F 32 When selecting the president, each state has a number of electors equal to a the size of its population divided by the national population b all the other states’ number of electors c the number of its representatives in Congress d the size of its population divided by the number of its eligible voters e its number of local units of government ANS: C REF: 55 NOT: F 33 Republicanism is a form of government in which power a is divided between the state and national levels b is concentrated in one political party c is divided among three branches d is separated between some elected and some appointed government officials e resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives ANS: E REF: 56 NOT: C 34 Federalism, or the division of power between a national government and regional units, stands in contrast to a pluralism b unitary government c republican government d autocratic government e majoritarian government ANS: B REF: 57 NOT: C 35 The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as a judicial review b direct democracy c inherent powers d a separation of powers e None of the above is true ANS: D REF: 57 NOT: C 36 Under separation of powers, the U.S system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of a federalism b republicanism c authority d economic manipulation e checks and balances ANS: E REF: 58 NOT: C 37 The power of the president to veto laws is an example of a federalism b implied powers c checks and balances d separation of powers e enumeration ANS: C REF: 58 NOT: F 38 Article I of the Constitution refers to the a Preamble b legislative branch c executive branch d judicial branch e None of the above is true ANS: B REF: 59 NOT: F 39 The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power? a Inherent b Implied c Derived d Reserved e Enumerated ANS: B REF: 60 NOT: C 40 A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) clause a earmark b reciprocal c rudimentary d elastic e ornate ANS: D REF: 60 NOT: C 41 Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution? a The power to make treaties b The power to appoint government officers, diplomats and judges c The power to declare war d The power to veto e The power to convene Congress ANS: C REF: 60 NOT: F 42 Congress exercises a potential check on the judicial branch through its constitutional power to a create or eliminate lower federal courts b appoint federal judges c remove federal judges that declare acts of Congress unconstitutional d eliminate the U.S Supreme Court e None of the above is true ANS: A REF: 61 NOT: F 43 Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve a for two years b for ten years c for twenty years d for life e on the grace of the executive ANS: D REF: 61 NOT: F 44 The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by referring to slaves as a “permanent servants.” b “African natives.” c “Southern property.” d “slaves.” e “all other Persons.” ANS: E REF: 63 NOT: F 45 Under the Constitution, the slave trade a was banned b was guaranteed only for Southern states c could be ended after twenty years d was not mentioned e was initially condemned, but this language was removed to win support from Southern delegates to the Convention ANS: C REF: 63 NOT: F 46 Supporters of the Constitution named themselves a Republicans b Democrats c Sons of Liberty d Antifederalists e Federalists ANS: E REF: 64 NOT: F 47 Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by states: a 13 b c 10 d e ANS: D REF: 64 NOT: F 48 The Federalist papers were written by a Alexander Hamilton b John Jay c John Adams d James Madison e Options A, B, and D are true ANS: E REF: 64 NOT: F 49 The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is a they serve as the collective writings of theorists b to assert independence from England c their insights into the roots of the American Revolution d their ideas supporting the Bill of Rights e their insight into the meaning of the Constitution ANS: E REF: 64 NOT: C 50 The primary goal of Federalist No 10 was to demonstrate that the new government a would not fall under the dominance of any one faction b would, if unopposed, become a tyranny c would eventually overwhelm the states d would honor the Bill of Rights e could be abolished if England chose to ignore it ANS: A REF: 64 |65 NOT: F 51 The primary goal of Federalist No 51 was to argue for a republicanism b the control of factions c freedom of speech, religion, and assembly d the separation of powers and checks and balances e why a bill of rights would be dangerous for the Constitution ANS: D REF: 65 NOT: F 52 According to Madison in Federalist No 10, the most common and durable source of factions has been a religious disputes b monarchy c slavery d democracy e unequal distribution of property ANS: E REF: 65 NOT: F 53 The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was a the power it granted to tax b the omission of a bill of rights c its failure to abolish slavery d the lack of court structure below the Supreme Court e inclusion of the plural executive ANS: B REF: 66 NOT: F 54 The Bill of Rights consists of the first amendments to the Constitution a five b ten c fifteen d twenty e twenty-two ANS: B REF: 66 NOT: F 55 The Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures a First b Second c Fourth d Eighth e Thirteenth ANS: C REF: 67 NOT: F 56 The _ protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment a First Amendment b Second Amendment c Fourth Amendment d Eighth Amendment e Thirteenth Amendment ANS: D REF: 67 NOT: F 57 Including the Bill of Rights, amendments have been added to the Constitution: a ten b nineteen c seventeen d fifty-four e twenty-seven ANS: E REF: 69 NOT: F 58 The Amendment prohibited slavery a Thirteenth b Fourteenth c Nineteenth d twenty-sixth e None of the above is true ANS: A REF: 73 NOT: F 59 According to the text, “it is hard to imagine a government framework better suited [than the Constitution] to .” a the majoritarian model b the pluralist model c procedural theory d substantive theory e republican theory ANS: B REF: 73 NOT: C 60 After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of a social order b social equality c economic freedom d minority rights e redistribution ANS: B REF: 73 NOT: F ESSAY Compare and contrast the work and challenges facing the founding fathers at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and the creators of the European Union over two centuries later ANS: Answers will vary Describe the conflicts between the colonists and the British that led to the American Revolution ANS: Answers will vary Explain the principles underlying the Declaration of Independence ANS: Answers will vary Explain the structure of the electoral college and why it was a compromise solution for the authors of the Constitution ANS: Answers will vary What is social contract theory, and how did John Locke’s view on this topic impact Thomas Jefferson? ANS: Answers will vary Explain what a republic is ANS: Answers will vary Identify four reasons why the Articles of Confederation failed ANS: Answers will vary Identify two features of the Virginia Plan and two features of the New Jersey Plan ANS: Answers will vary 9 Explain the Great Compromise concerning how representation would be determined for each state in the House of Representatives and the Senate ANS: Answers will vary 10 Describe the impact that the Antifederalists had on the Constitution ANS: Answers will vary 11 Explain how Madison’s Federalist No 10 and Federalist No 51 reflect the pluralist model of democracy ANS: Answers will vary 12 Summarize Madison’s Federalist No 10 definition of factions and his argument for how the Constitution would control them ANS: Answers will vary 13 Explain the manner in which the Constitution can be amended ANS: Answers will vary  ... F 49 The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is a they serve as the collective writings of theorists b to assert independence from England c their insights into the roots of the American. .. d their ideas supporting the Bill of Rights e their insight into the meaning of the Constitution ANS: E REF: 64 NOT: C 50 The primary goal of Federalist No 10 was to demonstrate that the new government. .. Rebellion indicated the a urgent need to maintain domestic order b unpopularity of the new national taxes c inability of the British to maintain a border presence d continuing threat to the United