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Trang 1iv Unit 3 WATER'S IMPORTANCE AND UNIQUE PROPERTIES A READING a Warm-up Activities
- Mention some properties of water that you know - Is fresh water distributed equally on Earth?
We live on the water planet A precious film of water- most of it salt water-covers about 71% of Earth’ surface Earth's organisms are made up mostly of water For example, a tree is about 60% water by weight, and you and most animals are about 65% water
Fresh water is a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and countless other human activities Water also plays a key role in sculpting Earth's surface, moderating climate, and diluting pollutants
Water has many unique- almost magical- properties Its high boiling point and low freezing point mean that water remains a liquid in most climates on Earth It can store a large amount of heat without a large change in temperature This helps protect living organisms from the shock of abrupt temperature changes, it moderates Earth's climate, and it makes water an excellent coolant Water's ability to absorb large amounts of heat as it changes into water vapor-and to release this heat as the vapor condenses back to liquid water-is a primary factor in distributing heat throughout the world Water can also dissolve a variety of compounds This enables it to carry dissolved nutrients throughout the tissues of living organisms, to flush waste products out of those tissues, to serve as an all-purpose cleanser, and to help remove and dilute the water -soluble wastes of civilization However, water's superiority as a solvent also means that it is easily polluted by water-soluble wastes
Most substances shrink when they freeze, but liquid water expands when it becomes ice Consequently, ice has a lower density (mass per unit of volume) than liquid water
Thus, ice floats on water, and bodies of water freeze from the top down instead of from the
bottom up Without this property, lakes and streams in cold climates would freeze solid, and most current forms of aquatic life would not exist
Water-the lifeblood of the ecosphere - is truly a wondrous substance that connects us to one another, to other forms of life, and to the entire planet Despite its importance, water is one of the most poorly managed resources on Earth We waste it and pollute it We also charge too little for making it available, thus encouraging even greater waste and pollution of this vital and potentially renewable resource
(Taken from "Sustaining the Earth" by Tyler Miller, G)
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Answer the following questions
How important is fresh water to our life?
Will our planet run out of water resource? Why or why not? What do you think about this problem?
II True-False sentences
Decide whether the following statements are true "T" or false "F" or there’s no information given "N" according to the text Correct the false statements
low 39% of Earth's surface is fresh water
2 Generally, Earth's organisms are made up of water
3.0 eee People have polluted water resource seriously and done nothing to solve
this issue
41 ` Because of having less density than liquid water, ice can move on
water
— All substances become smaller when freezing except for liquid water 6 Fresh water is less important than salt water
Te A variety of compounds can be dissolved by water
Trang 3water's abilities Il Increasing your vocabulary 1, Synonyms Find words or phrases in the text which have the same meaning as: 1 essential thin coating
can be dissolved in water
turn into ice by cold living or growing in water become smaller move on the surface of a liquid oo Oo NN HH +> WH k1 sudden 10 wonderful 2 Gap-filling
firm and stable in shape (not liquid)
Complete the following statements with one of the appropriate words or phrases given below:
water-short rain water problem fresh water surface water water pollution water shortages watersupply groundwater water irrigation water-soluble water
a As population and 1ndustrlalization 1ncrease, (]) in already (2) ¬ regions will intensify
b Ifthe Worlds (3) were only 100 liters, our usable supply of (4) would be only 0.003 liter (one-half teaspoon)
c In California, the basic (Š) Sacremanto but 75% of the (6)
is that 75% of the population lives South of falls North of it
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e Any physical or chemical change in (10) or groundwater that can harm living organisms or make (11) unfit for certain uses is called (12)
B WRITING
I Sentence-correcting
Read the following passage about the World's water supply There are 15 mistakes in the passage Underline the mistakes and correct them The first is done as an example
Water are a renewable resource and is an abundant However, most of them is not in the form suitable for use of man Even the very large amounts that are available is distributed unequally over the globe The real question we need to ask is weather there is or will be a shortage in usable water About 97.2% of all the World's water is at the salty oceans Of the remaining 2.8%, all but about 0.32% is tidied up in the ice-caps and glaciers, lies too deep under the Earth too recover, or are in the atmosphere or topsoil And of the fresh groundwater but surface water (lakes and rivers) remaining, over 99% is neither too expensive to get, is not readily available, or is polluted So the total amount of usable water is about 0.003% of the total supply in Earth-or about 9 drop per 50 liters Even so, we seemed to have an ample supply but four three factors: very unequally distribution, rapidly rising demand and increasing pollution of water supplies at urban centers
(Taken from "Panorama" by Williams, R) Example 0 are > is
l co 6 > II >2 co mm co mm co 12 3 c e 3 D cả Ổ > 13 > 4 >2 co 9 > 14 >> co TQ ii >2 co 10 > 15 >> II Sentence-building
Make necessary changes and additions to complete the following passage from the prompts given below:
1 Only / tiny / fraction / the planet's abundant / water / be / available / us / as fresh water
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4 About 2.9997% / it / be / lock / icecaps / glaciers, / or / it / be / bury / so deep / it / cost / much / extract
5 Only about 0.003% / Earth's total volume / water / be / easily / available / us / as soil moisture, / exploitable groundwater / water vapor / lakes /streams
6 If/ world's water supply / be / only 100 liters, / our usable supply / fresh water / would / only about 0.003 liter
C FURTHER PRACTICE
Read the text below and do the exercises below
The natural world is under violent assault from man The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned
It's little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing Yet the destruction continues
Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the Earth's mineral riches and to plunder its living resources
The great rain forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people
Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us
But there is still hope The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe- and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace
Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions
Thank God someone's making waves
Trang 6Exercise 1: Choose the best answers to those questions: 1 Which one of these statements is not made
a drinking water is polluted b radioactive waste poisons the sea C sewage isn't processed
d cars and factories poison the air
2 The wrifer forests and lakes are being destroyed a is surprised that
b is unsure why c wonders why d understands why
3 Rain-forests are being destroyed because governments and Industr1es a are unaware of what they are doing wrong
b are rich and powerful c choose to ignore criticism
d basically care about the environment 4 The Earth's resources
a should only for people b can be made to last forever c will last forever
d belong to just humans and animals 5 Governmenfs and 1ndustries
a don't know what Greenpeace thinks
b are forced to understand the problem by Greenpeace c can easily ignore Greenpeace
d misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks
Trang 7H 6 tobeindanger —— ,Ô 7 to use a natural force to provide natural pOWer _ 8 limited HH kh key 9, 1/95 9)10)ï > til§aẳẳẳẳẳẦ "199 AM D TRANSLATION
Translate into Vietnamse
Water pollution reduce the amount of pure, fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning, and for such activities as swimming and fishing The pollutants that affect water come mainly from industries, farms and sewerage systems Industries dump huge amounts of waste products into bodies of water each year These wastes include chemicals, wastes from animal and plant matter, and hundreds of other substances Wastes from farms include animal wastes, fertilizers and pesticides Most of these materials drain off farm fields and into nearby bodies of water Sewerage systems carry wastes from homes, offices, and industries into water Nearly all cities have waste treatment plants that remove some of the most harmful wastes from sewage But even most of the treated sewage contains material that harms
water
Taken from "English - Vietnammese Translation Materia for Advanced Students of English" by Alan McGowan and Jack W.Hudson)
Translate into English
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2 O nhiém nước là một trong những vấn đề đáng báo động trong việc quản lí tài nguyên nước hiện nay Mặc dù ở nhiều nước trên thế giới người ta đã cố gắng bảo vệ và nâng cao chất lượng nước, ô nhiễm nước vẫn tiếp tục trở nên phổ biến và gây nhiều thiệt hại
cho các nước trên thế giới, đặc biệt là các nước đang phát triển
E VOCABULARY
1 abrupt (adj) : đột ngột
2 abundant (adj) : du thira, thira thai
3 all-purpose (n) : nhiều mục đích khác nhau 4 assault (n) : cuộc xung đột
5 compound (n) : hợp chất
6 coolant (n) : chất làm lạnh, tác nhân làm lạnh
7 density (n) : tính dày đặc, mật độ
8 dissolve (v) : làm tan ra, hoà tan, phân huỷ 9 flush (v) : chảy mạnh, xối nước
10 øroundwater (n) : nước ngầm
1l moderate (v) : làm ôn hoà, điều tiết (khí hậu) 12 pesticides (n) : thuốc trừ sâu
13 plunder (v) : lấy đi, cướp đi
14 precipitation (n) : lượng mưa/tuyết đỗ xuống một khu VỰC
15 propcrty (n) : đặc tính, đặc điểm, tính chất 16 radioactive wasfe (n) : chất thải phóng xạ