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Activity 4.4: Creating a Future-State Usage Scenario In this activity, you will use the provided use cases and usage scenarios for the client-billing process, along with the Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. case study, to create future-state use cases and usage scenarios. First, as a class, you will review the information provided in the case study. Next, you will create future-state use cases for the client-billing process. Next, you will create future-state usage scenarios for the solution required by Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. Objectives After completing this activity, you will be able to: ! Create a future-state usage scenario Before You Begin This activity includes both small group tasks and class discussion. Prerequisites There are no prerequisites for this activity. Materials ! The Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. case study. Time to complete this activity: 60 minutes followed by a 10 minute discussion. Scenario The Ferguson and Bardell project team has determined that the client billing process is the highest risk part of the required solution and therefore should be the first part designed. Current state use cases and usage scenarios have been developed for the roles of the administrative assistant and the consultant in this process. The requirements for the process include: ! Data will only be entered once, for efficiency and consistency. ! Consultants are responsible for submitting their hours in a timely fashion. ! Consultants will submit their timesheets directly to their manager. 24 Activity 4.4: Creating a Future-State Usage Scenario Exercise 1: Creating a Future-State Use Case (30 minutes) ! Create a future-state use case 1. Participate in small groups as assigned by the instructor. 2. Review the Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. case study. 3. Review the current-state use cases and usage scenarios. 4. Create future-state use cases for the client billing process by using the current-state use case as a template. 5. Draw the use cases in the space provided. After completing the above steps, you will discuss your responses with the class. The instructor will write the class consensus on a flipchart. Use this space to create the future-state use cases. Activity 4.4: Creating a Future-State Usage Scenario 25 Exercise 2: Creating a Future-State Usage Scenario (30 minutes) ! Create a future-state usage scenario 1. Participate in small groups as assigned by the instructor. 2. Review the Ferguson and Bardell, Inc. case study. 3. Review the current-state use cases and usage scenarios. 4. Choose two use cases from Exercise 1. 5. Create two future-state usage scenarios for each of the selected future-state use cases. 6. Write the usage scenarios in the space provided. After completing the above steps, you will discuss your responses with the class. The instructor will write the class consensus on a flipchart. Use this space for creating the future-case usage scenarios. 7. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK POST-CONFLICT LAND ADMINISTRATION AS FACILITATOR OF POST-CONFLICT STATE BUILDING; CASE CAMBODIA DIMO TODOROVSKI AND PAUL VAN DER MOLEN OVERALL PHD CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH DESIGN Identified Gap in Knowledge – LA in post-conflict environment in relation to post-conflict state building Conflicts and Post-Conflict Environment link Post-Conflict State Building link Land Administration in Post-Conflict Environment Figure 1: Conceptual Research design XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CAMBODIA – SUPPORTIVE CASE STUDY Main Case Studies - with fieldwork: Case Kosovo Case Rwanda Supportive Cases (Literature) – Conference papers on: Case Mozambique, FIG Working Week 2013 Case Cambodia, FIG Congress 2014 XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CAMBODIA – HISTORICAL BACKGROUND History with many conflicts in the past Administered by France as a part of the colony of French Indochina 1863-1953 (indipendance: November 1953) WWII occupied by Japan King Sihanouk 1955 abdicate his crown, than as PM (Socioeconomic division and many conflicts, border Vietnam) Civil war outbreak 1967 – Khmer Rouge followers ‘70 General Lon Nol / till ’75 Vietnam war effect bombing April 1975 Khmer Rouge overtake control of state – enter the most tragic period of country’s history ‘Year Zero’ XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA Causes of Conflict – ideological and ethnic divisions Changing nature of Conflict – extra-state / inter-state / intra-state civil war / one-sided violence Duration of Conflict – …+ years + 10 years + years +… Number of people killed in Conflict – 14% in WWI; 64% WWII; 90% in 1990’s – in Cambodia more than million Displaced persons – all which disagree with KR Phnom Pen – ‘Ghost city ‘ Destruction of all state infrastructure and state archives, including land register Money and salary abolished, schools and factories closed, churches and monasteries forbidden 1978 provocations on border and 1979 Vietnam overtake XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-CONFLICT CAMBODIA More traditional type of communism regime Soon face difficulties to rebuild totally destroyed state In 1989 Vietnamese troops withdraw – again conflicts Peace Agreement Document – Aug.1989-Oct.1991, land issues in very broad sense – right to land human right of IDPs 1993 general elections – riddled with conflicts 1998 second elections – situation improved Reason for those conflicts: Khmer Rouge still present Gen Characteristic of war-torn societies: (a) Weak Institutions; (b) Economic and social problems and (c) Very low security XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 Land administration during the long Conflict period Post colonial Cambodia laws and policies from colonial time – specifically in relation to land issues Wealthy urban elite big possessions/poor rural farmers Khmer Rouge: no private ownership / Collectivized land Land register, maps, geodetic networks destroyed Most professional and educated people in land – killed XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 Land administration during the long Conflict period Early 80’s practically no institution or cadastre prof’s Constitution 1989 private ownership re-introduced Result: Land grabbing in urban areas 1992 Land Law even worse, legitimize the land grabs (these reforms return endemic corruption) NO technical, financial, organizational and legal resource XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 Land administration after the long Conflict period Land administration start development after ‘91 Paris Land Title Department until ’98 and after it was Gen dept of Cadastre and Geography under MLMUPC Late 90’s ask for support in land sector: Germany in ‘95 and Finland ‘97 answered positively – until today Land Management Project – GTZ from ’95 Sys land registration and cadastre system–FINNMAP 97 1998 only 10 % of parcels registered in old paper way XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 Land administration after the long Conflict period CCP 2000-2002: studies pilot prj / land policy & legalization / capacity building Statement of Royal Government in 2001 support: land administration / management and distribution in alignment with economic dev., poverty reduction and GG From 2002 Gov of Cambodia Germany Finland and WB LMAP prj with components Initially planned for years but it was extended till 2009 XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 Results from LMAP – Prj Reports, Documents, Papers 1,689,639 parcels surv and reg., and 1,296,735 titles issued; around ... CASE STUDY Improving Campus Quality of Life with In-Building Wireless CHALLENGE Long regarded as one of the nation’s top 10 universities, Duke University offers a broad range of undergraduate and graduate programs at its Durham, North Carolina campus. Home to Duke University Medical School, Duke University Law School, the Fuqua School of Business, the Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, and one of the top ten research libraries in the United States, the university’s 960-acre campus provides classrooms, residential space, laboratories, clinical facilities, and sports and performance venues for some 12,000 graduate and undergraduate students and more than 27,000 employees. Duke prides itself on having a “small school” environment with the intellectual resources of a major university, and on maintaining a high quality of life on campus. The university is continually expanding its facilities, with recent additions to the engineering school and library facilities as well as a new residence hall. But the ongoing drive to modernize and expand its facilities also includes communications services. Students and faculty have grown dependent on cellular phones, and Duke’s IT department had begun fielding increasing complaints about inconsistent cellular coverage in certain campus areas. CASE STUDY NEW CONSTRUCTION, NEW CONCERNS One source of cellular coverage issues was the recently-completed Fitzpatrick Center, a $97 million, 320,000 square foot research and teaching facility that is part of the Pratt School of Engineering. As a new, four-building complex that houses research and teaching for bioengineering, communications and photonics, the Fitzpatrick Center was an ideal place to begin deploying in-building wireless. “We knew about in-building wireless systems and wanted to do a pilot deployment, so the Fitzpatrick Center was a good choice,” said Dana Risley, senior manager of the finance and administration group at Duke. Through his own research as well as consultations with major cellular service providers in the area, Risley came up with a short list of requirements: reliability, ease of installation with minimal disruption (in both new construction and existing buildings), multi-frequency support, easy service upgrades, and cost-effectiveness. “We wanted to be able to support any carrier’s traffic as well as future migrations of our public safety and paging network traffic to the new system,” Risley says, “and we wanted as much as possible to leverage our existing fiber and Cat-5 cabling installations.” Based on recommendations from Verizon and Alltel (the university’s two main cellular carriers) as well as Risley’s own research, Duke contracted with local subcontractors to install an InterReach Unison ® system in the Fitzpatrick Center. BASE STATION REPEATER REDUCES DELAYS Although the Fitzpatrick Center was 75 percent occupied by the time of the Unison installation, the deployment was done in less than eight weeks. It would have been faster, except there were some scheduling delays by one of the contractors providing Cat-5 cable extensions to certain parts of the facility. To speed the arrival of high-performance cellular coverage, Duke opted to install a rooftop antenna on the Fitzpatrick Center to capture signals from nearby macro cell base stations, and then to repeat the signal within the building via the Unison system. The Unison system includes a Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs (one on each of the building’s floors), and 28 antennas. “We expect to add more carriers Lab 7 Post-Test and ested Loops Dr. John P. Abraham So far we learned pre-test loops such as the general while loop, counter controlled loops specifically for loop, sentinel controlled loops and flag controlled loops. In all these loops we initialized the loop control variable(s) and tested the condition before entering the loop. For instance, data-validation would require the data to be read at least once and then test for its validity. There are special situations were the loop must be executed at least once before the testing is done. Two examples come to mind, a circular queue, and sorting. In such cases the post test looping construct is used. There are also situations where it makes better reading when a post test loop is used. In such cases post test construct is not required. Do-While In C++ the post-test construct is implemented using do-while. In case of data-validation a do-while loop would look some thing like: Do Prompt and read the data While the data is invalid ‘keep reading the data if the data entered is not valid. Program 7-1 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int monthNum; do { cout <<"Enter the month (a number ranging from 1 to 12) >"; cin >> monthNum; if (monthNum <1 || monthNum >12) cout <<"Error! month not in acceptable range!\n"; } while (monthNum <1 || monthNum >12); return 0; } Enter the month (a number ranging from 1 to 12) >20 Error! month not in acceptable range! Enter the month (a number ranging from 1 to 12) >13 Error! month not in acceptable range! Enter the month (a number ranging from 1 to 12) >0 Error! month not in acceptable range! Enter the month (a number ranging from 1 to 12) > ested Loops Here is a loop to display a multiplication table for the number 2. Program 7-2 #include <iostream> #include<iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { int tableFor =2; int multiplier=1; while (multiplier <=12) { cout << setw(3)<<tableFor << " x " <<setw(3)<< multiplier << " = " << setw(4)<<tableFor * multiplier <<endl; multiplier ++; } getchar(); return 0; } Program Run 7-2 2 x 1 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 3 = 6 2 x 4 = 8 2 x 5 = 10 2 x 6 = 12 2 x 7 = 14 2 x 8 = 16 2 x 9 = 18 2 x 10 = 20 2 x 11 = 22 2 x 12 = 24 Now let us add an outer loop to do the table for every number from 2 to 10. Program 7-3 #include <iostream> #include<iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { int tableFor =2; int multiplier=1; while (tableFor <= 10) { while (multiplier <=12) { cout << setw(3)<<tableFor << " x " <<setw(3)<< multiplier << " = " << setw(4)<<tableFor * multiplier <<endl; multiplier ++; } cout << endl; multiplier =1; //reset it for the next loop tableFor++; } getchar(); return 0; } Program Run 7-3 2 x 1 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 3 = 6 2 x 4 = 8 2 x 5 = 10 2 x 6 = 12 2 x 7 = 14 2 x 8 = 16 2 x 9 = 18 2 x 10 = 20 2 x 11 = 22 2 x 12 = 24 3 x 1 = 3 3 x 2 = 6 3 x 3 = 9 3 x 4 = 12 3 x 5 = 15 3 x 6 = 18 3 x 7 = 21 3 x 8 = 24 3 x 9 = 27 3 x 10 = 30 3 x 11 = 33 3 x 12 = 36 4 x 1 = 4 4 x 2 = 8 4 x 3 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 4 x 5 = 20 4 x 6 = 24 4 x 7 = 28 4 x 8 = 32 4 x 9 = 36 4 x 10 = 40 4 x 11 = 44 4 x 12 = 48 5 x 1 = 5 5 x 2 = 10 5 x 3 = 15 5 x 4 = 20 5 x 5 = 25 5 x 6 = 30 5 x 7 = 35 5 x 8 = 40 5 x 9 = 45 5 x 10 = 50 5 x 11 = 55 5 x 12 = 60 6 x 1 = 6 6 x 2 = 12 6 x 3 = 18 6 x 4 = 24 6 x 5 = 30 6 x 6 = 36 6 x 7 = 42 6 x 8 Hey, buddy, wanna buy a piece of the empire state building? Clarification attached DOUG JOHNSON: Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English. I’m Doug Johnson. On our show today we play music from rock band Nickelback … We also answer a question from China about the state of Alaska … But first, another question could a historic piece of New York City be up for sale soon? Empire State Building DOUG JOHNSON: Americans like to joke about the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. They use the expression “selling the Brooklyn Bridge” to describe a person who wants to trick someone else. Individuals have, in fact, offered to sell the publicly owned structure to trusting buyers. But it is not for sale. But, over the years, we have never heard about someone selling New York’s Empire State Building until now. Christopher Cruise explains. CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: The Empire State Building was the tallest structure in the world for more than forty years. Work on the building was finished in nineteen thirty- one. While it is no longer the tallest, it is probably the most famous. People from around the world visit its eighty-sixth floor observatory to see New York from high above. Ten years ago, the Malkin family bought the Empire State Building for more than fifty- seven million dollars. Now, the family is considering selling shares in a publicly traded company that would operate buildings in New York and the state of Connecticut. Teresa Martin set up the Real Estate Investment Association in New York. She wonders why the Malkin family is considering selling shares in the buildings. TERESA MARTIN: “It may be that they may be in trouble and need to raise some funds. But it may just mean that they want to expand and need investor dollars to actually, you know, do what they foresee in their vision to do.” Some people with offices in the Empire State Building say they are not happy with its restrooms and elevator equipment. The Malkin family has spent at least five hundred fifty million dollars making changes to the building, including replacing more than six thousand five hundred windows. The cost of office space has more than doubled. The New York Times newspaper says the number of occupants has been dropped from nine hundred fifty in two thousand two to about two hundred now. But those leasing space in the building now have much larger offices. Teresa Martin plans to buy shares in the Empire State Building. But she does not plan to put all of her money into the investment. TERESA MARTIN: “If you’re telling me that I can get it for ten dollars a share, let’s say, would I get a hundred shares? Yeah. Would I get like two hundred thousand? Probably not. But I would get a piece.” The one-hundred-two-story building is often lit up at night in honor of different causes or events. The New York Times spoke with someone who knows about the plan to sell shares in the real estate company. The person said the building would be lit up in green lights – the color of American money – if the plan to sell shares comes to pass. More details are expected early next year. Watch a video version of this story: Alaska DOUG JOHNSON: Our listener question this week comes from Henan Province in China. Chenvican wants to know the history of America’s largest state Alaska. The United States bought Alaska from Russia in eighteen sixty-seven for seven million dollars. That is less than five cents a hectare. At the time, many Americans criticized the purchase. But it was one of the best deals the country ever made. Alaska proved rich in oil and minerals. <! IMAGE-LEFT > Gold was found nearby in the Yukon area of Canada in the eighteen nineties. Thousands of people traveled to the Yukon through Alaska hoping to get rich. Most never did. But some of them decided to stay in Alaska. Mainly they earned their money as miners, fishermen, animal trappers and store owners. Alaska became an official territory of the RESEARCH Open Access Family planning among people living with HIV in post-conflict Northern Uganda: A mixed methods study Barbara Nattabi 1,2* , Jianghong Li 3,4 , Sandra C Thompson 1,2 , Christopher G Orach 5 and Jaya Earnest 1 Abstract Background: Northern Uganda exper ienced severe civil conflict for over 20 years and is also a region of high HIV prevalence. This study examined knowledge of, access to, and factors associated with use of family planning services among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in this region. Methods: Between February and May 2009, a total of 476 HIV clinic attendees from three health facilities in Gulu , Northern Uganda, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with another 26 participants. Factors associated with use of family planning methods were examined using logistic regression methods, whil e qualitative data was analyzed within a social-ecological framework using thematic analysis. Results: There was a high level of knowledge about family planning methods among the PLHIV surveyed (96%). However, there were a significantly higher proportion of males (52%) than females (25%) who reported using contraception. Factors significantly associated with the use of contraception were having ever gone to school [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-14.07; p = .015], discussion of family planning with a health worker (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.01-4.27; p = .046), or with one’s spouse (AOR = 5.13, 95% CI: 2.35-11.16; p = .000), not attending the Catholic-run clinic (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.79-7.54; p = .000), and spouses’ non-desire for children (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.10-4.36; p = .025). Qualitative data revealed six major factors influencing contraception use among PLHIV in Gulu including personal and structural barriers to contraceptive use, perceptions of family planning, decision making, covert use of family planning methods and targeting of women for family planning services. Conclusions: Multilevel, context-specific health interventions including an integration of family planning services into HIV clinics could help overcome some of the individual and structural barriers to accessing family planning services among PLHIV in Gulu. The integration also has the potential to reduce HIV incidence in this post-conflict region. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, contraception, mixed methods, Northern Uganda Background Between 1987 and 2007, Northern Uganda was affected by civil conflict resulting in a complex humanitarian emergency, characterized by a displacement of over 1.5 million people from their homes into overcrowded internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. The region experienced a n increase in transmission of infectious diseases and increased mortality r ates [1]. In 2006 Northern Uganda had the highest infant mortality rates (106 deaths per 1,000 live births) and under-five mortal- ity (177 deaths per 1,000 live births) in all of Uganda, with even higher rates in the IDP camps at 123 and 200, respectively [2]. During the insurgency, disruptions to the health care system a nd social infrastructure, and migration of skilled health workers to more stable parts of the country led to limited availability of, and access to, quality health services among the IDPs [1]. Consequent to the insurgency, Gulu District had the highest percentage o f its population (58.1%) in the low- est quintile of wealth in Uganda, and only 0.9% of females and 3.0% of males had completed secondary education [2]. Northern Uganda also had the lowest use * Correspondence: barbara.nattabi@cucrh.uwa.edu.au 1 Centre for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Nattabi et al. Conflict and Health 2011, 5:18 http://www.conflictandhealth.com/content/5/1/18 © 2011 Nattabi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article ... THE CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA Causes of Conflict – ideological and ethnic divisions Changing nature of Conflict – extra -state / inter -state / intra -state civil war / one-sided violence Duration of Conflict. .. 21 June 2014 POST -CONFLICT STATE BUILDING IN CAMBODIA Gen.Characteristic of war-torn societies in Cambodia too State Building: aims at harmonizing needs of the citizens and the state by considering... Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 POST -CONFLICT STATE BUILDING IN CAMBODIA Effects from Khmer Rouge big impact to State Building Loss of archives/documents prolong and more difficult