Give Fear A Name And It Becomes Just A Problem

[...]... including a) People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), b) families of PLWHAs, c) healthcare staff; and d) general hospital outpatients 2 Measure the potential health-relevant consequences of AIDS stigma and discrimination between both perpetrators and targets of stigma at each of the above levels 3 Develop a) a culture-specific theoretical understanding of AIDS stigma and health in urban India as well as b) measures... as b) measures of AIDS stigma that can be used to evaluate future stigma reduction policies and programs in health care and community settings among both victims and perpetrators of stigma 4 Develop specific data-based program and policy recommendations to reduce AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in urban Indian health care settings and to disseminate these among regional stakeholders Website:... expanding Internetbased technology to other chronic childhood diseases The program may ultimately he 2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality... as extra gloves, masks, fumigation of rooms, and lack of confidentiality The data also suggest that AIDS stigma in urban India is a gendered phenomenon Reports of women being neglected and maltreated by their husbands and in-laws were common, and many women were found to have less access to treatment than their husbands Although many important culture-specific issues were identified in Bharat's qualitative... fear conditioning and determine the pre- and post-synaptic changes in Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and non-NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in animals exposed to a paired conditioned stimulus (CS) and aversive stimulus (UCS) with those exposed to the same information but in an unpaired paradigm and 2) trace the information flow through the amygdala by comparing in the three populations of animals... oncologists/hematologists, who choose to participate in early phase clinical trials, this will be a new effort Despite having experience in cooperative group and phase II/III pharmaceutical trials, these physicians and their staffs have not participated in early phase clinical trials Their attitudes and concerns about participating in these trials will need to be defined and are likely to include perceptions about... of fear arousal, and the electrocortical, visceral, and somatic responses that occur when expecting a painful stimulus This research is driven by a motivational theory of human emotion that is founded on behavioral, psychophysiological, and neurophysiological research The proposed studies are intended to explicate neural mechanisms that mediate fear of pain in normal humans, and furthermore, to examine... abstract): The amygdala is known to play a critical role in emotional responses particularly fear, in both humans Give Fear A Name And It Becomes Just A Problem Give Fear A Name And It Becomes Just A Problem By: Joe Tye The school was deserted when they showed up; the kids wouldn’t arrive until eight thirty Paul’s image went straight to the offi ce, removed the bank report from his briefcase, and started working the calculator with clumsy fi ngers With every subtotal he grimaced a though experiencing actual physical pain Rafe watched with the fascinated stare of a child examining a bug under a magnifying glass “What’s going on in his head right now?” “How should I know?” Paul replied, causing Rafe to look at him with arched eyebrows “Well, what I mean is that it’s a pretty confused jumble in there I guess he’s mainly worried about money.” “Okay, so the problem is money,” Rafe said “What are some things you can to raise money?” “It’s not that easy!” Paul shot back “He’s—I’ve—tried everything.” “Everything?” “Just about Most of these kids don’t have parents who could pitch in, and I can’t put them to work, because it’s against the child labor laws.” “So the problem is changing the laws?” “Oh, that would look great in the newspapers, wouldn’t it? ‘Noted child-welfare activist puts children to work in factories to raise money for his school.’” “Okay, then what about Joan’s suggestion to call Bill Roberts, or to ask your father for a loan?” “Not on your life,” Paul countered “Roberts would string me out for as long as it amused him, then shoot me down Dad would tell me to get a job.” 1/3 Give Fear A Name And It Becomes Just A Problem Rafe rubbed his chin thoughtfully “So the problem is learning to deal with rejection?” “I deal with rejection just fi ne, thank you.” “What about Phyllis Nesserbaum over at New Trails Learning Center? Have you spoken with her?” “How you know about New Trail?” Paul asked suspiciously “Let’s just say I get around Don’t they have money?” “Rafe, they’re the competition!” “Competition? Aren’t there enough troubled kids to go around?” “Of course there are enough troubled kids, Rafe There’s not enough money And Nesserbaum gets more than her share Any help she gave me would come with a price tag—giving up control of my school.” “So the problem is trying to work with Phyllis without losing control?” “I’m afraid that’s a real problem, Rafe, trying to work with Phyllis without having her take over everything.” Rafe smiled “If it’s just a problem Paul, then you don’t need to be afraid You may be unable to conquer fear, but you can always solve problems If you give fear a name, then it becomes just a problem to be solved.” A loud snap punctured the silence as Paul’s image cracked a pencil in half and fl ung the pieces across the room “We’d better go out before someone gets hurt,” Rafe said “Who know what cosmic havoc might be created if your double killed you with a broken pencil.” In the hallway Rafe took a drink from the cooler “When you were in college, how come you decided not to jump out of that airplane at the last minute?” “How you know about that?” “I told you, I get around Was it the same reason you hate roller coasters?” “Yeah.” “The same reason you keep your savings in a bank account instead of the stock market?” 2/3 Give Fear A Name And It Becomes Just A Problem “How you Never mind Basically, Rafe I’m a coward The reason I have no glory is I have no guts.” “Now we know what fear calls you, Paul It calls you coward Of course you’re not a coward Prudent and risk-averse, perhaps to excess sometimes, but certainly not gutless But when you allow fear to apply a label to you, you gradually assume that identity With each new opportunity to take a risk, fear whispers into you ear, ‘You can’t that You’re a coward.’ And you nod in agreement Isn’t it true that despite all the risks you’ve taken in starting up the school, you see yourself as more ‘cowardly’ today than you did ten years ago?” GIVE FEAR A NAME, TALK TO IT FORCE IT TO BE RATIONAL NAME YOUR FEAR AND IT BECOMES JUST A PROBLEM IT’S EASIER TO SOLVE PROBLEMS THAN IT IS TO CONQUER NAMELESS FEAR “Well, yes, but—” Rafe cut him off with a raised hand “Saving money for the children has nothing to with it, or you’d have gotten what you call ‘a real job’ long ago The fact is you are beginning to accept the identity that fear wants to give you Give fear a name and it becomes just a problem; let fear name you and you become the problem.” 3/3 Kolling et al. Globalization and Health 2010, 6:8 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/6/1/8 Open Access RESEARCH BioMed Central © 2010 Kolling et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research "For someone who's rich, it's not a problem". Insights from Tanzania on diabetes health-seeking and medical pluralism among Dar es Salaam's urban poor Marie Kolling 1 , Kirsty Winkley* 2 and Mette von Deden 1 Abstract The prevalence of chronic non-communicable disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is rising worldwide. In Africa, T2DM is primarily affecting those living in urban areas and increasingly affecting the poor. Diabetes management among urban poor is an area of research that has received little attention. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Dar es Salam, the causes and conditions for diabetes management in Tanzania have been examined. In this paper, we focus on the structural context of diabetes services in Tanzania; the current status of biomedical and ethnomedical health care; and health-seeking among people with T2DM. We demonstrate that although Tanzania is actively developing its diabetes services, many people with diabetes and low socioeconomic status are unable to engage continuously in treatment. There are many challenges to be addressed to support people accessing diabetes health care services and improve diabetes management. Introduction Diabetes affects approximately 246 million people world- wide[1] and has become a major threat to global public health[2]. In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Atlas 2006 reports an overall prevalence of diabetes at 3.1%, affecting a total population of 10.4 million people; a huge number despite a lower prevalence than Europe, 8.4%, and North America, 9.2% [1]. In this paper we seek to explore the global diabetes epi- demic from a local perspective by investigating the chal- lenges to diabetes management among urban poor in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Since the 1980s, Tanzanians have witnessed a rapid rise in chronic disease such as T2DM. Incidence of T2DM has gone from among the lowest in the world to an estimated 909,600 out of Tanzania's approximately 41 million people and prevalence is expected to increase by 50% within the next 20 years[3,4]. Diabetes is known to be more common in some African countries rather than others, notably in Northern and Southern African nations, and within countries levels are higher in urban areas compared with rural areas, which is also the case of Tanzania[5]. The prevalence in urban ver- sus rural Tanzania is 5.8% and 1.7%, respectively[3]. Dia- betes in Africa is often perceived as predominantly affecting the affluent or those moving up the socioeco- nomic ladder and until relatively recently, diabetes in Africa was considered rare[3]. However, incidence is increasing in low and middle-income nations and increasing among the poor[1,6], matching what has long been known; that low socioeconomic status equals poor health[7]. Given its chronic nature, most diabetes care takes place in the everyday life of the person with diabetes, their pri- vate sphere, rather than in the public sphere of the health care system. Studies from the patient's perspective with an emphasis on self care practices are therefore impor- tant in order to understand factors affecting diabetes management in Africa. Using an ethnographic approach to conduct fieldwork in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, we pro- posed to try and unfold the complexity of the causes and conditions for poor diabetes management and investi- gated how people cope with the illness in a resource * Correspondence: America's Fear of Communism in 1920 Becomes a Threat to Rights Written by David Jarmul 17 May 2006 (MUSIC) VOICE ONE: THE MAKING OF A NATION a program in Special English by the Voice of America. (MUSIC) Americans have always valued their right to free speech, a free press, and freedom of religion. The Bill of Rights protects these and other individual rights. However, there have been several brief periods in American history when the government violated some of these rights. In the seventeen hundreds, for example, President John Adams supported laws to stop Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Party from criticizing the government. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln took strong actions to prevent newspapers from printing military news. And during the nineteen-fifties, Senator Joseph McCarthy unfairly accused a number of innocent people of being communists and traitors. Some of the most serious government attacks on personal rights took place in nineteen nineteen and nineteen twenty. A number of government officials took strong, and sometimes unlawful, actions against labor leaders, foreigners, and others. VOICE TWO: These actions took place because of American fears about the threat of communism. Those fears were tied closely to the growth of the organized labor movement during World War One. There were a number of strikes during the war. More and more often, workers were willing to risk their jobs and join together to try to improve working conditions. President Woodrow Wilson had long supported organized labor. And he tried to get workers and business owners to negotiate peacefully. But official support for organized labor ended when strikes closed factories that were important to the national war effort. President Wilson and his advisers felt workers should put the national interest before their private interest. They told workers to wait until after the war to demand more pay and better working conditions. VOICE ONE: In general, American workers did wait. But when the war finally ended in nineteen eighteen, American workers began to strike in large numbers for higher pay. As many as two million workers went on strike in nineteen nineteen. There were strikes by house builders, meat cutters, and train operators. And there were strikes in the shipyards, the shoe factories, and the telephone companies. Most striking workers wanted the traditional goals of labor unions: more pay and shorter working hours. But a growing number of them also began to demand major changes in the economic system itself. They called for government control of certain private industries. Railroad workers, for example, wanted the national government to take permanent control of running the trains. Coal miners, too, demanded government control of their industry. And even in the conservative grain-farming states, two hundred thousand farmers joined a group that called for major economic changes. VOICE TWO: All these protests came as a shock to traditional Americans who considered their country to be the home of free business. They saw little need for labor unions. And, they feared that the growing wave of strikes meant the United States faced the same revolution that had just taken place in Russia. After all, Lenin himself had warned that the Bolshevik Revolution would spread to workers in other countries. Several events in nineteen nineteen only increased this fear of violent revolution. A bomb exploded in the home of a senator from the southeastern state of Georgia. And someone even exploded a bomb in front of the home of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, the nation's chief law officer. However, the most frightening event was a strike by police in Boston, Massachusetts. The policemen demanded higher wages. But the police chief refused to negotiate with them. As a result, the policemen went on strike. When they did, thieves began to break into unprotected homes and shops. VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTIES OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THÙY A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS DENOTING FEAR IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (Phân tích đối chiếu các thành ngữ chỉ nỗi sợ hãi trong Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 602215 Hanoi, 2010 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTIES OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THÙY A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS DENOTING FEAR IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (Phân tích đối chiếu các thành ngữ chỉ nỗi sợ hãi trong Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 602215 Supervisor: Trần Bá Tiến, M.A Hanoi, 2010 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration Aknowledgements Abstract Table of contents PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for choosing the topic 2. Aims of the study 3. Scope of the study 4. Methods of the study 5. Format of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1. Idioms 1.1.1. Definitions of Idioms 1.1.2. Distinctive features of English idioms 1.2.1.1. Syntactic features of English idioms 1.2.1.2. Semantic features of English idioms 1.2.1.3. Cultural features of English idioms 1.1.3. Distinction between idioms, proverbs and some other terms: sayings, phrasal verbs, colloquialisms 1.2. Human Feelings 1.2.1. Concepts of Human Feelings 1.2.2. Classifications of Human Feelings 1.2.3. Emotion Fear Chapter 2: Syntactic features of English idioms denoting idioms fear in comparison with Vietnamese counterparts 2.1. Structural features of English idioms denoting emotion Fear 2.1.1. English idioms denoting fear have clause patterns PAGE i ii iii iv 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 10 12 14 17 17 17 19 20 20 20 20 v 2.1.2. English idioms denoting fear have phrase patterns 2.1.3. English idioms denoting fear have fixed patterns 2.1.4. English idioms denoting fear have odd patterns 2.2. An English-Vietnamese comparison of syntactic features of idioms denoting fear 2.2.1. Similarities 2.2.1.1. Vietnamese idioms with clause patterns 2.2.1.2. Vietnamese idioms with phrase patterns 2.2.1.3. Using simile 2.2.2. Differences Chapter 3: Semantic features of English idioms denoting fear in comparison with Vietnamese counterparts 3.1. Metaphor and metonymy in cognitive linguistics 3.2. Metaphor and metonymy in English idioms denoting fear 3.3. An English-Vietnamese comparison of semantic features of idioms denoting fear 3.3.1. Similarities 3.3.2. Differences PART C: CONCLUSION 1. Recapitulation 2. Concluding remarks 3. Limitations 4. Suggestion for further research REFERENCES APPENDICES 25 27 27 27 27 27 28 30 30 33 33 34 35 35 38 42 42 42 42 42 43 I 1 PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Even having been living in England for a long time, a non-native speaker who has a great command of English could be easily realized that his English is not mother-tongue language when he is in conversation with an English speaker. Explanation for this could be his way of using language. Anyone who has already been put in a real communication of the language finds it easy to recognize that native-speakers‟ conversations are far more interesting and varied than that with non-native speakers. The answer to this is that in their talk native speakers apply several idioms because of their convenience. First, these idioms not only have brief and extraordinary forms, Before&After BAmagazine.com ® i U X One- Line Design Make expressive designs easily and quickly with just a line Continued  Continued  One-line design 0621 Before&After BAmagazine.com ® i U X One-line design It can look classy, it can look festive, and it’s always inexpensive Here are nine easy ways to make good designs with just a line T There you are, shopping again at Banana Republic, when beside the cash register this credit-card application catches your eye How did it it?—it’s basically just a black page Its strength is in its simplicity—one powerful color, one line of text, one familiar shape That’s all it takes; anything more— photos, graphics, borders and so on—would weaken it What’s nice for the designer is that this technique is so easy Have a look AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE - NOT VALID UNLESS SIGNED By using this card, the holder agrees to all terms and/or agreement under which it was issued or as may be amended from time to time THE BANANA REPUBLIC CARD To protect your account, not write your Personal Identification THE BANANA REPUBLIC CARD Number (PIN) on this card This card belongs to the issuing institution and must be surrendered upon demand Simple, low key, effective A credit-card-size rectangle is all it takes to convey exactly what’s inside (if you miss it, the word card backs it up) Black card color extends to fill the cover powerfully  of  One-line design 0621 Before&After ® One-line design i U X BAmagazine.com of MAPLE WOODS NATURAL AREA Diana’s Gladstone Parks Department HAIRST YLES P.O Box 16819, 5510 N Holmes, Gladstone, MO 64188, 816-123-4567 Start by tracing Many images can be traced with the pen Use a dingbat Not handy with the pen tool? tool; all you need is a clear outline, which you’ll find in stand-alone objects (above) or as part of larger images Dingbat fonts are full of interesting images; just convert to outlines, and adjust the line weight Emphasize leaf or name (Above) On a middle-value background like the green, both white and black type show equally well; the leaf, with reduced opacity, recedes (Right) Translucent name recedes; white leaf comes forward Value difference creates depth (Right) On a dark field, the lightest object will always come forward even when it’s smaller in size, (lower right) MAPLE WOODS NATURAL AREA  of  One-line design 0621 Before&After ® One-line design WR City Tours San Francisco Use letterforms as art Letters can more than just make words—at large sizes, they can be used as artwork Find a beautiful typeface, set it BIG, and convert to outlines Eliminate conflict To keep overlapping lines from clashing (right, top), reduce the opacity of the less detailed one, in this case the outline (bottom) i U X BAmagazine.com of WINE & ROSES Trace part of an image When working with a more detailed image, find its most descriptive edge; here, it’s the skyline The line technique is a great way to get value from blurry or otherwise unusable photos Draw a single line (Above) A single line sends a clear message; tracing the other lines (right) adds complexity and turns design into a mere effect WINE & ROSES  of  One-line design 0621 Before&After ® One-line design BAmagazine.com of i U X SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI GATEWAY ARCH RiverFRONT SIGHTSEEING | FINE RESTAURANTS | LIVELY NIGHT LIFE | FAMILY ACTIVITIES Crop an image It’s not necessary to show a whole image to convey what it is, especially if it’s an iconic shape like Gateway Arch in St Louis Examine your image, determine its most descriptive line, and crop out the rest Crop for clarity Because the one-line technique eliminates details such as color and texture, concentrate on contours In this simple example (right), it’s the curve that tells the reader this is an arch ❄ You’re invited to a Christmas Party Repeat an object Get more out of your image by repeating it several times Create difference and depth by rotating, changing size, or applying a unique color to each Create distance (A) Same-size and value objects have no depth (B) ... you’d have gotten what you call a real job’ long ago The fact is you are beginning to accept the identity that fear wants to give you Give fear a name and it becomes just a problem; let fear name. .. you’ve taken in starting up the school, you see yourself as more ‘cowardly’ today than you did ten years ago?” GIVE FEAR A NAME, TALK TO IT FORCE IT TO BE RATIONAL NAME YOUR FEAR AND IT BECOMES JUST. .. you gradually assume that identity With each new opportunity to take a risk, fear whispers into you ear, ‘You can’t that You’re a coward.’ And you nod in agreement Isn’t it true that despite all