Identify the problem behind the problem

Identify the problem behind the problem tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả c...

Họ và tên : Nguyễn Thị Hơng Giang Ngày sinh : 7/10/1976 Nơi sinh : Phúc Hà - Đồng Hỷ Thái Nguyên Đối tợng : HVCH K14 K2005 2008 Khoa : Ngôn ngữ Văn hoá Anh Mỹ Trờng : ĐHNN- Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Mã thẻ th viện: M4070339 vietnam national university, hanoi college of foreign languages department of post-graduate studies Nguyn Th Hng Giang a study on the problems in teaching english speaking skills to the minority students at sonla ethnic boarding high school and some suggested solutions (Tìm hiểu những khó khăn trong dạy kỹ năng nói cho học sinh dân tộc thiểu số ở trờng THPT Dân tộc nội trú tỉnh sơn la và một số giải pháp khắc phục) M.a minor thesis (coursework) Course: K14 Field: English teaching Methodology Code: 601410 supervisor: nguyễn bàng, ma. Sn La, 2008 Declaration I, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, certify that this thesis is entirely my own work and contains no material which has been submitted for the examination in any other course or accepted for the award of a degree in any other university or institution. The thesis also contains no material previously published or written by other person, except where due reference is made in the text. Sonla, November 2008 Signature Nguyen Thi Huong Giang acknowledgements For the completion of this thesis, I have received great assistance and support from my teachers, colleagues, students and my family. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Nguyen Bang, MA. from College of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, for his invaluable guidance, criticism and his encouragement in the process of completing the minor thesis. I am also grateful to all lecturers and the staff of the Department of Post-Graduate Department, College of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their useful lectures and guidance during my study at the Institution. I truly wish to thank all the colleagues and the students at Son La Ethnic Boarding High School for their assistance and co-operation in giving me valuable information. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my debt to my family, whose patient love enabled me to complete this work. ii Abstract The importance of speaking is undeniable in language teaching and learning. Therefore, understanding the teachers’ difficulties in teaching speaking skills is apparently necessary to gain effective teaching and learning. This minor thesis was carried out with an attempt to investigate the areas of difficulties and obstacles that the teachers have encountered when teaching speaking skills to the minority students at Son La Ethnic Boarding High School (SEBH). The Thesis is organized in 3 parts: First, the Introduction presents the rationale, aims and significance of the study, research questions, scope, method and design of the study. The Development is divided into 3 chapters. Chapter one provides some theoretical background of related issues concerning the definition of CLT, characteristics of CLT as well as the teacher’s and student’s role in CLT. Moreover, there is a presentation of the language skills, the nature of speaking Identify the problem behind the problem Identify the problem behind the problem Bởi: Joe Tye “The fact that you don’t have any money is a result of all your other problems You have thinking problems, attitude problems, self-esteem problems You are lazy You lack discipline You lack integrity You don’t take responsibility You lack goals Your priorities are out of whack Your biggest problem is not in your wallet or your bank account Your biggest problem is between your ears You will fix your money problems when you fix your other problems.” Larry Winget: You’re Broke Because You Want to Be There is a total quality management technique called “the whys.” When you ask why something went wrong, the first response is usually superficial You have to ask the question five times before you really get to root causes Here’s an example using a hypothetical problem at a hypothetical car manufacturer: Q#1: Why are our legal expenses so far over budget? A#1: Because we’ve lost so many lawsuits Q#2: Why have we lost so many lawsuits? A#2: Because wheels have been falling off cars and causing injuries Q#3: Why have wheels been falling off our cars? A#3: Because assembly line workers haven’t been installing them properly Q#4: Why haven’t they been installing them properly? A#4: Because they haven’t been properly trained Q#5: Why haven’t they been properly trained? A#5: Because the training budget was cut so we could hire more lawyers 1/2 Identify the problem behind the problem By the time you got to why #5 you are addressing root causes And more often than not, you are also looking in the mirror As Larry Winget (who calls himself “the pit bull of motivation”) says, if your financial world turns upside down, by the time you get to why #5 you will have stopped blaming your employer (or ex-employer), the economy, the government, the stock market, or anything else, and will be looking directly at the face in the mirror 2/2 DONETSK NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Project (written version) Credit Assignment # 2 “The problems of the “Citibus” (bus operating company) and their possible solutions. Drawing a contract.” By: Arustomjan Nona Chukhno Sergey Dubovitsky Roman Feofilaktova Yevgenja Shashkova Lilja Donetsk 2002 First of all, in order to cope with any problem we’ve faced, we should get to know its symptoms and only after these we could define exactly what this or that problem is, what the nature and the essence of problem is. In our caes we’re given the symptoms, they are the following: 1) Fares are too high 2) Bus stops are not conviniently placed 3) Bus stops are infrequent 4) Buses are delayed in traffic james 5) Buses are dirty 6) Buses finish at midnight 7) Timetable is difficult to get 8) Buses are overcrowded 9) Occasionally buses break down 10) Some areas are not well-served by buses So, our team considers the symptoms listed above to be symptoms of three problems: a) shortage of buses (symptoms 1, 3, 8, 10); the main underlying cause of this problem is trivial and prosy enough – this is money b) the second problem is unsuccessful municipal transport policy (symptoms 2, 4, 10): we regard the causes of this problem as follows: firstly, as the transport charges are high, the city administration doesn’t have enough money to change the cituation for better (increase the passing capacity of the roads that doesn’t cope with the growing number of cars and other carriers, build new roads and rearrange the traffic within the city in general); another highly probable reason is that the city administration doesn’t show the proper interest and enough initiative in solving this particular problem; 3) and the last but not the least problem is the problem of low organization and management within the “Citibus”company (the symptoms 5, 6, 7, 9, 10): into our opinion, it has some causes: first of all, the drivers of the company are not highly motivated and consequently they do not do their best, other thing which should be mentioned is the wrong schedule of the bus routes (which doesn’t take a proper account of the interests of the passengers); and finally, its the faults of PR Department (the schedule is difficult to get). We should find the possible solutions of at least one problem. From our point of view, there’re two reasons of giving the priority to the third problem. First, because the basic cause of its probleme is motivation, and, anyway, we consider the level of motivation to play the key role in any activity you’re engaged. The second reason is that problem is the most solvable for us because as we are short of more we couldn’t afford themselves to buy the ample quantity of new buses or carry out the major repairs the buses we have. Corncerning the second problem, we don’t consider themselves to be influential enough to change much the transport municipal policy so the only way for us is to try to cope with the last problem. As you know, for changing the cituation for better and partly solving the problem it is neccessary to eliminate at least one cause. So we’ll try to remove such cause as the lack of motivation of Citibus’ drivers which is supposed to be the most important one (because as the drivers aren’t highly motivated they The Problems of Philosophy Russell, Bertrand Published: 1912 Categorie(s): Non-Fiction, Philosophy Source: Feedbooks 1 About Russell: Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970), was a British philosopher, logician, mathem- atician, historian, religious sceptic, social reformer, socialist and pacifist. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died. Russell led the British "revolt against ideal- ism" in the early 1900s and is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his protégé Wittgenstein and his elder Frege. He co-authored, with A. N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, an attempt to ground mathematics on logic. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy." Both works have had a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics and analytic philosophy. He was a prominent anti-war activist, championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism. Russell was imprisoned for his pacifist activism during World War I, campaigned against Adolf Hitler, for nuclear disarmament, criticised Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought." Also available on Feedbooks for Russell: • Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays (1918) • Political Ideals (1917) • Proposed Roads to Freedom (1918) Copyright: This work was published before 1923 and is in the public do- main in the USA only. Note: This book is brought to you by Feedbooks http://www.feedbooks.com Strictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes. 2 Preface In the following pages I have confined myself in the main to those prob- lems of philosophy in regard to which I thought it possible to say something positive and constructive, since merely negative criticism seemed out of place. For this reason, theory of knowledge occupies a lar- ger space than metaphysics in the present volume, and some topics much discussed by philosophers are treated very briefly, if at all. I have derived valuable assistance from unpublished writings of G. E. Moore and J. M. Keynes: from the former, as regards the relations of sense-data to physical objects, and from the latter as regards probability and induction. I have also profited greatly by the criticisms and sugges- tions of Professor Gilbert Murray. 1912 3 Chapter 1 Appearance and reality Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reason- able man could doubt it? This question, which at first sight might not seem difficult, is really one of the most difficult that can be asked. When we have realized the obstacles in the way of a straightforward and con- fident answer, we shall be well launched on the study of philo- sophy—for philosophy is merely the attempt to answer such ultimate questions, not carelessly and dogmatically, as we do in ordinary life and even in the sciences, but critically, after exploring all that makes such questions puzzling, and after realizing all the vagueness and confusion that underlie our ordinary ideas. In daily life, we assume as certain many things which, on a closer scru- tiny, are found to be so full of apparent contradictions that only a great amount of thought enables us to know what it is that we really may be- lieve. In the search for certainty, it is natural to begin with our present experiences, and in some sense, The Problems of Philosophy Russell, Bertrand Published: 1912 Categorie(s): Non-Fiction, Philosophy Source: Feedbooks 1 About Russell: Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970), was a British philosopher, logician, mathem- atician, historian, religious sceptic, social reformer, socialist and pacifist. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died. Russell led the British "revolt against ideal- ism" in the early 1900s and is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his protégé Wittgenstein and his elder Frege. He co-authored, with A. N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, an attempt to ground mathematics on logic. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy." Both works have had a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics and analytic philosophy. He was a prominent anti-war activist, championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism. Russell was imprisoned for his pacifist activism during World War I, campaigned against Adolf Hitler, for nuclear disarmament, criticised Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought." Also available on Feedbooks for Russell: • Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays (1918) • Political Ideals (1917) • Proposed Roads to Freedom (1918) Copyright: This work was published before 1923 and is in the public do- main in the USA only. Note: This book is brought to you by Feedbooks http://www.feedbooks.com Strictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes. 2 Preface In the following pages I have confined myself in the main to those prob- lems of philosophy in regard to which I thought it possible to say something positive and constructive, since merely negative criticism seemed out of place. For this reason, theory of knowledge occupies a lar- ger space than metaphysics in the present volume, and some topics much discussed by philosophers are treated very briefly, if at all. I have derived valuable assistance from unpublished writings of G. E. Moore and J. M. Keynes: from the former, as regards the relations of sense-data to physical objects, and from the latter as regards probability and induction. I have also profited greatly by the criticisms and sugges- tions of Professor Gilbert Murray. 1912 3 Chapter 1 Appearance and reality Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reason- able man could doubt it? This question, which at first sight might not seem difficult, is really one of the most difficult that can be asked. When we have realized the obstacles in the way of a straightforward and con- fident answer, we shall be well launched on the study of philo- sophy—for philosophy is merely the attempt to answer such ultimate questions, not carelessly and dogmatically, as we do in ordinary life and even in the sciences, but critically, after exploring all that makes such questions puzzling, and after realizing all the vagueness and confusion that underlie our ordinary ideas. In daily life, we assume as certain many things which, on a closer scru- tiny, are found to be so full of apparent contradictions that only a great amount of thought enables us to know what it is that we really may be- lieve. In the search for certainty, it is natural to begin with our present experiences, and in some sense, no [...]... energy 1 kWh 1 therm 6.895 kN/m2 101 .3 kN/m2 100 kN/m 2. 99 kN/m2 2. 49 N/m2 3. 39 kN/m2 133 N/m2 0.1 N s/m2 0.414 mN s/m2 10−4 m2 /s 0 .25 8 cm2 /s 0. 126 g/s 0 .28 2 kg/s 1 .35 6 g/s m2 3. 155 5.678 2. 32 6 4.187 1. 731 W/m2 W/m2 K kJ/kg kJ/kg K W/m K 3. 6 MJ 106.5 MJ calorific value 1 Btu/ft3 1 Btu/lb 37 .26 kJ/m3 2. 32 6 kJ/kg density 1 lb/ft3 16. 02 kg/m3 SECTION 2- 1 Particulate Solids PROBLEM 1.1 The size analysis... 4000 29 40 1 620 968 20 00 16 ,20 0 30 ,24 0 40,000 41,160 29 ,160 21 ,29 6 = 21 ,968 Thus: = 180,056 ds = (180,056 /21 ,968) = 8 .20 µm This is the size of a particle with the same specific surface as the mixture The volume of a particle 8 .20 µm in diameter = (π/6)8 .20 3 = 28 8.7 µm3 4 The surface area of a particle 8 .20 µm in diameter = (π × 8 .20 2 ) = 21 1 .2 µm2 and hence: the specific surface = (21 1 .2/ 288.7) = 0. 731 ... )/π] = 2. 76 × 10 3 m 2. 1 03 × 10−8 m3 6 × 10−9 m3 0 .28 5 6 × 10−4 m2 √ [(4 × 6 × 10−4 )/π] = 2. 76 × 10 2 m 2. 1 03 × 10−5 m3 6 × 10−7 m3 0. 028 5 3 (R0 /ρu2 )Re 02 = (4k / 2 π)(ρs − ρ)ρdp g (equation 3. 52) = [(4 × 0 .28 5)/(π × 0.0 12 )] (30 00 − 820 )( 820 × 2. 1 03 × 10−8 × 9.81) = 134 0 for smallest particle and 134 ,000 for largest particle Smallest particles log10 (R0 /ρu2 )Re 02 log10 Re0 Correction from Table 3. 6... to the First Edition of Volume 5 IN THE preface to the first edition of Chemical Engineering, Volume 4, we quoted the following paragraph written by Coulson and Richardson in their preface to the first edition of Chemical Engineering, Volume 1: ‘We have introduced into each chapter a number of worked examples which we believe are essential to a proper understanding of the methods of treatment given in. .. 0.598 0. 822 0.67 0.08 0.0 536 0. 035 9 0. 024 1 0.0161 0 .37 0.17 0.0 629 0. 0 23 3 0.0086 0.0 031 9 0.1875 0. 03 0.0056 0.00105 0.00 020 0.000 037 0. 125 0.05 0.00 625 0.00078 0.000098 0.0000 12 2 .28 4 8.616 4.00 14.58 2. 00 0.75 0.50 0 .25 0. 125 Totals: 37 .991 From equation 1.11, the mass mean diameter is: dv = 4 n1 d1 3 n1 d1 = (177. 92/ 37 .991) = 4.6 83 mm From equation 1.14, the surface mean diameter is: ds = 3 n1 d1 2 n1... is: 3 x1 = n1 k1 d1 ρs nkd 3 ρs In this case: d n kd 3 nρs x 1 3 6 10 14 18 22 20 0 600 140 40 15 5 2 5 ,30 0,000k 42, 930 ,000k 80, 136 ,000k .. .Identify the problem behind the problem By the time you got to why #5 you are addressing root causes And more often than not, you are also looking in the mirror As Larry Winget... himself the pit bull of motivation”) says, if your financial world turns upside down, by the time you get to why #5 you will have stopped blaming your employer (or ex-employer), the economy, the. .. employer (or ex-employer), the economy, the government, the stock market, or anything else, and will be looking directly at the face in the mirror 2/2