Health in the United States

March of Dimes Foundation Data Book for Policy Makers Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States 2 0 1 0 ©2009 by the March of Dimes. Permission to copy, disseminate or otherwise use information from the Data Book for Policy Makers is granted as long as appropriate acknowledgment is given. Prepared by: Office of Government Affairs March of Dimes 1146 19th Street, NW, Sixth Floor Washington, DC 20036 Telephone (202) 659-1800 Fax (202) 296-2964 For additional copies: March of Dimes P.O. Box 932852 Atlanta, GA 31193-2852 Phone (800) 367-6630 marchofdimes.com Item number 50-2461-10 For additional copies: March of Dimes P.O. Box 932852 Atlanta, GA 31193-2852 Phone (800) 367-6630 marchofdimes.com Item number 50-2461-10 The March of Dimes Data Book for Policy Makers: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States 2010 provides national and state data highlighting infant mortality, birth defects, preterm and low birthweight births, health insurance coverage for women and children, and prevention strategies. This easy-to-use resource guide is aimed at public policy makers and others seeking quick facts at their fingertips. Readers interested in more detail and regular updates of many of the data presented in this book should visit PeriStats, the March of Dimes interactive data resource at marchofdimes.com/peristats. Except where noted, information in this Data Book is for the United States. Where possible, data for Puerto Rico are included. The March of Dimes Data Book for Policy Makers was produced by Colleen Sonosky, Kate Morrand, and Marina L. Weiss of the Office of Government Affairs. Rebecca Russell, Todd Dias, Hui Zheng, and Vani Bettegowda of the March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center prepared much of the data. Don Komai of Watermark Design and Chintan Parikh from Publishing Resources provided services to assist the March of Dimes with the production of the publication. The March of Dimes is a national voluntary health agency founded in 1938 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to support research and services related to polio. Today, the Foundation works to improve the health of women, infants and children by preventing birth defects, premature birth and infant mortality through research, community services, education and advocacy. The March of Dimes is a unique partnership of scientists, clinicians, parents, members of the business community and other volunteers affiliated with chapters in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. We trust this Data Book and other March of Dimes resources that can be found at www.marchofdimes. com (Spanish language site www. nacersano.org) will be helpful as we work together toward the day when every baby is born healthy. Dr. Bruce C. Vladeck, Chair National Public Affairs Committee March of Dimes Dr. Jennifer L. Howse, President March of Dimes About PeriStats PeriStats, the March of Dimes interactive web resource (marchofdimes. com/peristats) offers the latest data on maternal, infant, and child health at national, state, and local levels. Users – from the general public to policy makers, researchers, providers, and students – will find the site comprehen- sive and easy to use. Look for the PeriStats logo on pages throughout the Data Book for Policy Makers. It’s a signal that more detailed – and perhaps more current information is available on the website. Updated at least annually, PeriStats covers data for multiple years for topics like birth rates, Health in the United States Health in the United States Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Health in the United States is a complex and often contradictory issue One the one hand, as one of the wealthiest nations, the United States fares well in health comparisons with the rest of the world However, the United States also lags behind almost every industrialized country in terms of providing care to all its citizens The following sections look at different aspects of health in America Health by Race and Ethnicity When looking at the social epidemiology of the United States, it is hard to miss the disparities among races The discrepancy between black and white Americans shows the gap clearly; IN 2008, the average life expectancy for white males was approximately five years longer than for black males: 75.9 compared to 70.9 An even stronger disparity was found in 2007: the infant mortality rate for blacks was nearly twice that of whites at 13.2 compared to 5.6 per 1,000 live births (U.S Census Bureau 2011) According to a report from the Henry J Kaiser Foundation (2007), African Americans also have higher incidence of several other diseases and causes of mortality, from cancer to heart disease to diabetes In a similar vein, it is important to note that ethnic minorities, including Mexican Americans and Native Americans, also have higher rates of these diseases and causes of mortality than whites Lisa Berkman (2009) notes that this gap started to narrow during the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, but it began widening again in the early 1980s What accounts for these perpetual disparities in health among different ethnic groups? Much of the answer lies in the level of health care that these groups receive The National Healthcare Disparities Report (2010) shows that even after adjusting for insurance differences, racial and ethnic minority groups receive poorer quality of care and less access to care than dominant groups The Report identified these racial inequalities in care: Black Americans, American Indians, and Alaskan Natives received inferior care than Caucasian Americans for about 40 percent of measures Asian ethnicities received inferior care for about 20 percent of measures Among whites, Hispanic whites received 60 percent inferior care of measures compared to non-Hispanic whites (Agency for Health Research and Quality 2010) When considering access to care, the figures were comparable 1/13 Health in the United States Health by Socioeconomic Status Discussions of health by race and ethnicity often overlap with discussions of health by socioeconomic status, since the two concepts are intertwined in the United States As the Agency for Health Research and Quality (2010) notes, “racial and ethnic minorities are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to be poor or near poor,” so many of the data pertaining to subordinate groups is also likely to be pertinent to low socioeconomic groups Marilyn Winkleby and her research associates (1992) state that “one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of a person's morbidity and mortality experience is that person's socioeconomic status (SES) This finding persists across all diseases with few exceptions, continues throughout the entire lifespan, and extends across numerous risk factors for disease.” It is important to remember that economics are only part of the SES picture; research suggests that education also plays an important role Phelan and Link (2003) note that many behavior-influenced diseases like lung cancer (from smoking), coronary artery disease (from poor eating and exercise habits), and AIDS initially were widespread across SES groups However, once information linking habits to disease was disseminated, these diseases decreased in high SES groups and increased in low SES groups This illustrates the important role of education initiatives regarding a given disease, as well as possible inequalities in how those initiatives effectively reach different SES groups Health by Gender Women are affected adversely both by unequal access to and institutionalized sexism in the health care industry According a recent report from the Kaiser Family Foundation, women experienced a decline in their ability to see needed specialists between 2001 and 2008 In 2008, one quarter of females questioned the quality of her health care (Ranji and Salganico 2011) In this report, we also see the explanatory value of intersection theory Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins developed this theory, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes Further examination of the lack of confidence in the health care system by women, as identified in the Kaiser study, found, for example, women categorized as low income were more likely (32 percent compared to 23 percent) to express concerns about health care quality, illustrating the multiple layers of disadvantage caused by race and sex We can see an example of institutionalized ...R E P O RT Who Are America’s Poor Children? Examining Health Disparities Among Children in the United States David Seith | Elizabeth Isakson January 2011 The National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) is the nation’s leading public policy center dedicated to promoting the economic security, health, and well-being of America’s low-income families and children. Using research to inform policy and practice, NCCP seeks to advance family-oriented solutions and the strategic use of public resources at the state and national levels to ensure positive outcomes for the next generation. Founded in 1989 as a division of the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, NCCP is a nonpartisan, public interest research organization. WHO ARE AMERICA’S POOR CHILDREN? Examining Health Disparities Among Children in the United States David Seith, Elizabeth Isakson Copyright © 2011 by the National Center for Children in Poverty AUTHORS David Seith is a research analyst on the Family Economic Security team at NCCP. His work at four leading national research centers over the past 10 years has focused on the implementation and outcomes of welfare reform for low-income families and communities. David Seith is a candidate for the Executive Master’s of Public Policy and Administration at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. Elizabeth A. Isakson, MD, is a candidate for an M.P.H. in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. Dr. Isakson trained at Children’s Hospital of New York where she was Chief Resident. Prior to continuing her studies, Dr. Isakson practiced at a federally-funded community health center in New York City. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by funding from The Annie E. Casey Foundation. The authors would like to thank Yumiko Aratani, Andrea Bachrach, Christel Brellochs, Janice Cooper, Curtis Skinner,Nicholas Tilimon, and Vanessa Wight for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts. Special thanks also to Morris Ardoin, Amy Palmisano, and Telly Valdellon. Who Are America’s Poor Children? Examining Health Disparities Among Children in the United States 3 Who Are America’s Poor Children? Examining Health Disparities Among Children in the United States David Seith | Elizabeth Isakson January 2011 Good health goes a long way, as research suggests that poor health in childhood not only impedes early child development, but can also have lasting consequences on children’s future health and wellbeing. Although many would agree that a health is a fundamental right, children born into low-income families are less likely to enjoy this right. 1 As part of NCCP’s Who are America’s Poor Children? series, this report draws on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to provide an overview of the health of America’s children by poverty status from 2007 to 2009. To assess health disparities between poor and nonpoor children, it identies a list of publicly available annual indicators within the following ve broad domains of health: en- vironmental health, health insurance coverage, access to healthcare services, behavior, and health outcomes. We nd evidence of disparities between poor and nonpoor A Profile of Women’s Health in the United States Dawn Misra, Editor Third Edition The Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health is a nonprofit organiza- tion working to improve health care for women through research, dialogue, and information dissemination. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation is an independent, national health philanthropy dedicated to providing information and analysis on health issues to policymakers, the media, and the general public. The Foundation is not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries. Suggested citation: Misra, D, ed.,Women’s Health Data Book: A Profile of Women’s Health in the United States, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health and The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2001. Copyright © December 2001 Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, Washington, D.C., and The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Menlo Park, California. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 0-9702285-1-1 A Profile of Women’s Health in the United States Dawn Misra, Editor T hird Edition [...]... database/benchmarking project 184 A Profile of Women’s Health in the United States T h i r d E d i t i o n 2 The Women’s Health Data Book Chapter 1 Introduction Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Women’s Health This chapter explores the social context of women’s health in the United States Within the arena of public health, various frameworks have been used to understand women’s. .. indicators For example, the employment and earnings composite index was based on four indicators of women’s economic status: women’s earnings, the female/male income ratio, women’s representation in managerial and professional jobs, and women’s participation in the labor force Generally, the four indices were highly correlated.8 Stated another way, women tended either to fare well across all four areas... slightly Women earned only 76% of men’s median earnings in 1998, when earnings are adjusted for education This represents a narrowing of the wage gap by 11.9% between 1979 and 1997 Unfortunately, this change has been attributed to a decline in men’s wages rather than a real rise in women’s wages The gap in women’s earnings relative to men’s increases with age (Figure 1-8).12 A gap in earnings is also evident... toward an increasingly aged and ethnically diverse population of U.S women are likely to continue into this new century These changes will likely affect women’s health and influence the way that women’s health needs are addressed Furthermore, the social context of women’s lives is an important influence and determinant of women’s health and should be incorporated into biomedical models Chapter 1 Impact... beyond the traditional emphasis on reproductive health to include other March of Dimes Foundation Data Book for Policy Makers Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States 2 0 1 0 ©2009 by the March of Dimes. Permission to copy, disseminate or otherwise use information from the Data Book for Policy Makers is granted as long as appropriate acknowledgment is given. Prepared by: Office of Government Affairs March of Dimes 1146 19th Street, NW, Sixth Floor Washington, DC 20036 Telephone (202) 659-1800 Fax (202) 296-2964 For additional copies: March of Dimes P.O. Box 932852 Atlanta, GA 31193-2852 Phone (800) 367-6630 marchofdimes.com Item number 50-2461-10 For additional copies: March of Dimes P.O. Box 932852 Atlanta, GA 31193-2852 Phone (800) 367-6630 marchofdimes.com Item number 50-2461-10 The March of Dimes Data Book for Policy Makers: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States 2010 provides national and state data highlighting infant mortality, birth defects, preterm and low birthweight births, health insurance coverage for women and children, and prevention strategies. This easy-to-use resource guide is aimed at public policy makers and others seeking quick facts at their fingertips. Readers interested in more detail and regular updates of many of the data presented in this book should visit PeriStats, the March of Dimes interactive data resource at marchofdimes.com/peristats. Except where noted, information in this Data Book is for the United States. Where possible, data for Puerto Rico are included. The March of Dimes Data Book for Policy Makers was produced by Colleen Sonosky, Kate Morrand, and Marina L. Weiss of the Office of Government Affairs. Rebecca Russell, Todd Dias, Hui Zheng, and Vani Bettegowda of the March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center prepared much of the data. Don Komai of Watermark Design and Chintan Parikh from Publishing Resources provided services to assist the March of Dimes with the production of the publication. The March of Dimes is a national voluntary health agency founded in 1938 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to support research and services related to polio. Today, the Foundation works to improve the health of women, infants and children by preventing birth defects, premature birth and infant mortality through research, community services, education and advocacy. The March of Dimes is a unique partnership of scientists, clinicians, parents, members of the business community and other volunteers affiliated with chapters in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. We trust this Data Book and other March of Dimes resources that can be found at www.marchofdimes. com (Spanish language site www. nacersano.org) will be helpful as we work together toward the day when every baby is born healthy. Dr. Bruce C. Vladeck, Chair National Public Affairs Committee March of Dimes Dr. Jennifer L. Howse, President March of Dimes About PeriStats PeriStats, the March of Dimes interactive web resource (marchofdimes. com/peristats) offers the latest data on maternal, ADVANCING MEN’S REPRODUC TIVE HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES Current Status and Future Directions Summary of Scientific Sessions and Discussions September 13, 2010 Atlanta, Georgia Table of Contents Introduction Agenda Summary Report Overview of Chronic Disease Prevention, Health Promotion and Reproductive Health Overview of Men’s Reproductive Health 10 CDC’s Past and Current Men’s Reproductive Health Activities 11 CDC’s Sexual Health Activity 12 Comprehensive Reproductive Health Services for Men Visiting STD Clinics 14 Overview of Male Contraception 15 Overview of Male Infertility 17 Fertility Preservation in the Male Patient with Cancer 18 Modifiable Lifestyle Issues and Male Reproductive Health 20 Mental Health Issues in Male Reproductive Health 22 The Importance of Men’s Reproductive Health on Women’s Health and Fertility 23 Involving Men in Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services 24 Panel Perspectives on Men’s Reproductive Health 25 Attachment Registrants 32 Attachment References Cited by Presenters and Others 41 Advancing Men’s Reproductive Health Summary of Scientific essions Introduction This report contains a summary of presentations and discussions from the meeting, “Advancing Men’s Reproductive Health in the United States: Current Status and Future Directions ” The meeting was originally planned to help CDC staff and our Federal colleagues gain insights into the emerging areas of public health activities related to male reproductive health What began as a “brown bag” seminar for CDC staff quickly developed into a one-day meeting of scientists, program managers, and clinicians Through word-of-mouth, the Meeting Planning Committee received emails and calls from professionals asking to be included as attendees Many understood neither CDC nor other Federal agencies could offer any form of travel reimbursement or subsidy With the assistance of CDC staff members, the meeting venue and logistics were changed to accommodate almost 100 people within less than weeks Since the meeting, many have requested a meeting summary that could be shared with other public health professionals The Meeting Planning Committee requested this document be prepared for wider distribution and use Thanks to the cooperation of speakers and others, this document was prepared An electronic version of the report is scheduled for release at www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth Questions concerning the Report, the 2010 meeting, or other matters related to this work are welcomed Inquiries should be addressed to: Men’s Reproductive Health Activities CDC Division of Reproductive Health 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-20 (LW) Atlanta, GA 30341 Telephone: 770-488-5200 Fax: 770-488-6450 Email: drhinfo@cdc gov Important Information: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) supported the preparation of these proceedings using notes and documents obtained from meeting speakers and presenters The views or opinions presented in this ... during the day, and sleep environments that include noise, lights, or screen time (National Institutes of Health 2011a) According to the National Institute of Health, examining sleep hygiene is the. .. affected in a single year, and 28 percent are likely to be affected over the course of a lifetime (National Institute of Mental Health 2005) It is important to 4/13 Health in the United States distinguish... WeightBiasStudy.pdf) 12/13 Health in the United States Ranji, Usha and Alina Salganico 2011 “Women's Health Care Chartbook: Key Findings from the Kaiser Women's Health Survey.” The Henry J Kaiser Family