The Application of “Good Governance” Model in Vietnam

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT ********************* A STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH COMPUTER TEXTS IN VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS Nghiên cu vic dch tài liu ting Anh chuyên ngành vi tính trong tài liu ting Vit tng ng MA THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. PhD. Le Hung Tien By: Vu Thi Thu Thuy – M.A. 11 Hanoi 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On completion of this thesis, I am gratefully indebted to my supervisor Dr. Le Hung Tien for his enthusiasm, valuable suggestions, advice and correction during the course of my writing. I also wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Tran Huu Manh, Dr. Duong Thi Nu and Dr. Ngo Huu Hoang for their initially insightful comments and suggestions. I also take this opportunity to thank all of my colleagues at the Department of ESP, CFL, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, for their encouragement during the thesis preparation as well as their interesting discussions relating to the field of research which are additional resources for this study. Finally, I would like to show my deep gratitude to my family and my friends for their support and encouragement without which my thesis would not have been accomplished. Hanoi, December 2005 Vu Thi Thu Thuy ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on the translation of English computer texts in Vietnamese equivalents. Specifically, it is more concerned with the translation of some typical syntactic and lexical features in English texts, that is relative clauses, -ed participle clauses and passive structure and computing terminologies. The study starts with the theoretical background which elaborates on the notion of translation, translation equivalence as well as translation methods and procedures. Simultaneously, characteristics of technical texts are touched upon, which leads to the discussion of computer texts with their typical features like computing terminologies and other discourse features such as relative clauses, -ed participle clauses and passive structure. A detailed investigation and examination of the translation of computer terminology and relative clauses, -ed participle clauses and passive structure is carried out, from which the translation procedures are extracted. Implication for translating computer texts will only be based on the results of the study. ABBREVIATIONS SL: source language TL: target language ST: source text TT: target text N: noun Adj: adjective V: verb IT: Information Technology ESP: English for Specific Purposes TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………… Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………… Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………… Table of contents ………………………………………………………………………………. i ii iii iv PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale……………………………………………………………………. 2. Aims of the study…………………………………………………………… 3. Scope of the study ………………………………………………………… 4. Methods of the study ……………………………………………………… 5. Design of the study …………………………………………………………. PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW I.1. Translation theory ………………………………………………………… I.1.1. Definition …………………………………………………………… I.1.2. Translation equivalence ……………………………………………… I.1.3. Translation methods and procedures ………………………………… I.1.3.1. Word-for-word Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Kinh tế Kinh doanh, Tập 33, Số (2017) 1-9 Vận dụng mô hình “Quản trị nhà nước tốt” Việt Nam Phạm Thị Hồng Điệp* Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, 144 Xuân Thủy, Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội, Việt Nam Nhận ngày 16 tháng năm 2017 Chỉnh sửa ngày 09 tháng năm 2017; Chấp nhận đăng ngày 24 tháng năm 2017 Tóm tắt: Thuật ngữ “Quản trị nhà nước” bắt đầu sử dụng từ thập niên 1990, gắn với trình cải cách khu vực công nước thực thi mô hình quản lý công Mô hình “Quản trị nhà nước tốt” có tám đặc tính là: Mở rộng tham gia công dân vào hoạt động quản lý nhà nước; Hoạch định sách nguyên tắc đồng thuận xã hội; Nền hành có trách nhiệm giải trình; Minh bạch; Đáp ứng; Hiệu hiệu lực; Công thu hút; Nhà nước pháp quyền Trong trình phát triển hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế, việc vận dụng tám đặc tính vào quản trị nhà nước Việt Nam bổ trợ quan trọng cho phát triển đại hóa quản lý công Bài viết phân tích bối cảnh thực quản trị nhà nước tốt Việt Nam, đánh giá thành vấn đề đặt mô hình quản lý thời gian qua số khía cạnh xây dựng nhà nước pháp quyền, minh bạch phòng chống tham nhũng, tăng cường tham gia người dân, tăng cường trách nhiệm giải trình, đồng thuận, từ đề xuất số kiến nghị thúc đẩy cải cách quản lý công thời gian tới Từ khóa: Cải cách, quản trị nhà nước, quản lý công, Việt Nam Đặt vấn đề họ sao; (ii) Năng lực phủ việc xây dựng thực sách có sở cung cấp dịch vụ công; (iii) Sự tôn trọng người dân nhà nước thể chế điều tiết tương tác kinh tế [2] Việc thay đổi từ “quản lý nhà nước” sang “quản trị nhà nước” không đơn thay đổi thuật ngữ mà hàm chứa bước tiến tư lý thuyết quản lý công Nếu “quản lý nhà nước” hiểu quản lý nhà nước xã hội mà nhà nước đóng vai trò chủ thể quản lý, với thuật ngữ “quản trị nhà nước”, nhà nước xuất với hai tư cách hoạt động quản trị: Nhà nước vừa chủ thể quản trị xã hội, vừa đối tượng quản trị công dân thiết chế xã hội khác Vì thế, trách nhiệm giải trình hệ hậu giải trình nhà ∗ Thuật ngữ “Quản trị nhà nước” bắt đầu sử dụng từ thập niên 1990, gắn với trình cải cách khu vực công nước thực thi mô hình quản lý công Theo Huther Shah (1996), quản trị nhà nước khía cạnh thực hành quyền lực qua thể chế thức phi thức nhằm quản trị nguồn tài nguyên giao cho nhà nước [1] Kaufmann (1997) cho quản trị nhà nước truyền thống thể chế thực thi quyền lực quốc gia, bao gồm: (i) Chọn người lãnh đạo đất nước nào, giám sát họ cần thay _ * ĐT.: 84-914133330 Email: dieppth@vnu.edu.vn https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4094 P.T.H Điệp / Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Kinh tế Kinh doanh, Tập 33, Số (2017) 1-9 nước trước công dân xã hội đặc trưng thiếu mô hình quản trị nhà nước Mối quan tâm quản trị nhà nước nhận biết quyền lực, xác định quyền lực trao cho ai, nào, tổ chức hoạch định sách cung cấp dịch vụ công cho hiệu quả, đảm bảo giám sát, tham gia người dân Khái niệm “Quản trị nhà nước tốt” nhắc đến nhiều vào thập niên 1990 bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa ngày mạnh mẽ dân chủ hóa ngày mở rộng Theo Ngân hàng Thế giới (1996), “Quản trị tốt cách thức sử dụng sức mạnh quyền lực nhà nước để quản lý nguồn lực xã hội phát triển quốc gia” [3] Theo UNDP (1997), quản trị nhà nước tốt việc thực thi loại quyền lực kinh tế, trị hành để quản lý tốt vấn đề đất nước tất cấp quyền [4] Từ quan niệm nêu trên, thấy yếu tố chung cần có để thực quản trị nhà nước tốt bao gồm: (1) Năng lực nhà nước mức độ giải vấn đề phủ nhà lãnh đạo; (2) Khả ứng phó - liệu sách thể chế công có đáp ứng nhu cầu công dân đề cao quyền họ hay không; (3) Trách nhiệm - khả công dân, xã hội dân khu vực tư nhân giám sát, theo dõi trách nhiệm thể chế công phủ Qu1) Năng lực ướu1) Năng lực nhà nước - mức độ giải vấn đ Th) Năng lực nhà nướướTh) Năđòi h) Năng lực nhà nước - mức độ giải vấn đề phủ nhà lãnh đạướ hđi tranh thlực nhà nước - mức độ giải vấn đề phủ Bài vih thlực nhà nước - mức độ giải vấn đề củaướài vih thlực nhđánh giá thành vấn đềhđặh giá thành vấn mức độ giải vấn đề phủ xây d thành quướxây d thành vấn mức độ giải vấn đềăng cườg c d thành cáườg c d thăng cườg c d thành vấ svàđồvà thuận, từ đềóà thuận, từ uả vấn đẩóà thuận, từ uả vấn mức độ giải quyế Các đặc tính “quản trị nhà nước tốt” Mô hình “quản trị nhà nước tốt” có tám đặc tính bản, tám giá trị cốt lõi nhiều tổ chức quốc tế Ngân hàng Thế giới, Tổ chức Phát triển Liên Hợp Quốc (UNDP) nước thuộc OECD thừa nhận (Hình 1) Một là, tham gia: Quản trị nhà nước tốt phải huy động tham gia chủ thể xã hội vào hoạt động quản lý nhà nước, cụ thể việc ban hành định hành chính, sách, biện pháp hành động Sự tham gia vào hoạt động quản lý phải thể bình đẳng, không phân biệt giới tính, dân tộc hay địa vị xã hội Các chủ thể tham gia trực tiếp thông qua thiết chế đại diện cho Thực tế cải cách nhiều nước cho thấy, việc gia tăng tham gia người dân vào hoạt động quản lý hành chính, cung cấp dịch vụ công đem lại nhiều lợi ích Thứ nhất, định sách nhà nước ban hành sát với thực tế nên hiệu hiệu lực cải thiện Thứ hai, thông qua tham gia vào hoạt động quản lý nhà nước, lòng tin người dân nhà nước tăng lên Hai là, nhà nước pháp ...THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE CULTURE AND THE USE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING INNOVATIONS IN VIETNAMESE COMPANIES: A STUDY OF TECHCOMBANK BY NGUYEN QUYNH THU Graduation Project Submitted to the Department of Business Studies, HELP University College, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Business (Accounting) Hons October 2011 2 Declaration of Originality and Word Count DECLARATION I declare that this graduation project is based on my original work except for quotations and citation which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other courses/degrees at HELP University College or other institutions. Word Count: 11,602 words. Nguyen Quynh Thu Date 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion and result of this thesis paper is not only the achievement of efforts from me but also the indispensable supports from a lot of helpful people. Firstly, I would like to express my gratefulness to my dear teachers at the International School, Vietnam National University where I spent nearly five years studying, researching and growing. They have helped me and my friends enlarge our knowledge as well as share with us lots of valuable experiences and lessons in life which I will never forget. Especially, I would love to extend my heartfelt thanks to my thesis’ supervisor, Mrs. Phan Thu Huong for her instruction and encouragement during the time. She was not only the person who initiated and inspired me to the topic of this paper, but also continuously supported and consulted me to find out solutions and complete this paper. Without her and other teachers’ advices and helps, I could not come to the destination and attain this result. Additionally, it is my great honor to receive the enthusiastic supports from all managers, chief accountant and other accounting staff who are involved in the survey conducted in this thesis. Although the relationship between me and those people is not close; however, I received one hundred percent replies over the questionnaire papers sent through both emails and in hands. Based on their answers, the influence of corporate culture on management accounting innovations in Techcombank has been found out and contributed a big value to this research. Finally, from the bottom of my heart, I would like to express my great thanks to all of my family members and friends for their vital encouragement and cares during the time conducting this thesis. 4 Once again, I’d love to send the profound feeling to the above-mentioned people, hadn’t been for all their supports and suggestions, this paper cannot be properly accomplished. 5 ABSTRACT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE CULTURE AND THE USE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING INNOVATIONS IN VIETNAMESE COMPANIES: A STUDY OF TECHCOMBANK By NGUYEN QUYNH THU October 2011 Supervisor: Mrs. Phan Thu Huong Corporate culture is no longer a new term for developing countries. It has developed through the long history and nowadays it is expected to perform by any enterprises in the world. However, the term is not familiar VNU Journal of Science, Economics and Business 27 (2011) 94-102 From the current global economic crisis - thinking of a development model in Vietnam Assoc.Prof.Dr Pham Van Dzung* Faculty of Political Economy, University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam Received 28 October 2010 Abstract The current global economic crisis once again proves Karl Marx’s theoretical point The basic contradiction of capitalism - between the highly socialized productive force and capitalist relation of production - has blowed up globally, causing severe economic, politic, and social consequences The intervention of states has softened this critical contradiction and restricted its damage remarkably In the near future, a global centre for economic regulation will appear However, the capability and power of states are limited The inherent contradiction of capitalism still exists and a similar crisis is inevitable in the future Building a country with “wealthy people, prosperious country, democracy, justice, cilvilization” is a goal that Vietnam has targeted They are also the common values of the humankind To achieve this goal, Vietnam should learn lessons from other countries Development of a market economy is indispensable for Vietnam However, it is necessary to aware of advantages and disadvantages that exist in a market economy, including crisis risks The current global economic crisis has awoken every country In fact, it could be confirmed that Vietnam has a correct choice when choosing development model as “Socialistoriented market economy” In essence, socialist orientation in market economic development of Vietnam is to develop a market economy followed the shortened and sustainable development model Thanks to this model, the impacts of global economic crisis on Vietnam are less dramatic than several countries; macroeconomic situation is relatively stable, economic growth is positive; hunger elimination and poverty reduction gains achievements and so on Those achievements prove that Vietnamese Communist Party has successfully applied Marxist economic theory in the new situation of Vietnam Milestones of the world economic crisis * market, when mortgage accounted for 25% of the total credit in the economy and the American Home Mortgage - the largest home mortgage corporation - applied for bankrupt Next, on 11 July 2008, the Indymac Bank with assets worthy 32 billion USD was placed under the control of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) These are like the sign for ups and downs events” The crisis really exploded in the middle of September 2008 when two financial groups, Fannie Mae and The global economic crisis derived from the real-estate credit crisis in the USA Banks failed to proceed with housing bussiness loans with full attention about clients’ repayment ability The crisis showed its first symptom from the third quarter of 2007 in the U.S financial * Tel.: 84-912464494 E-mail: dungpv@vnu.edu.vn 94 P.V Dzung / VNU Journal of Science, Economics and Business 27 (2011) 94-102 Freddie Mac, were nationalized They were giant financial groups in housing mortgage loan, accounted for 50% of the U.S market When the Merrill Lynch went bankruptcy due to provision of substandard housing mortgage loans, the Bank of America had to buy the Merrill Lynch at $50 billion to rescue this company Additionally, the Lehman Brothers collapsed, and applied for bankruptcy On 17 September 2008, the U.S Federal Reserve (FED) lent the American International Group (AIG) $85 billion to rescue this insurance group from bankruptcy In England, the Northern Rock suffered a huge loss when investing in stocks for the substandard housing mortgage in the U.S and was on the edge of bankruptcy, it then was nationalized The crisis started to spread to Europe and Asia In an attempt to prevent the crisis, the Central Banks in U.S., England, China, Canada, Sweeden, Switzerland and European MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS- HOCHIMINH CITY Trần Thị Kim Dung THE APPLICATION OF ALTMAN’S Z’ MODEL TO MEASURE DEFAULT RISK OF THE VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS’ BORROWERS MASTER’S THESIS In Finance- Banking Ology Code: 60.31.12 Academic supervisor Pr.Dr Trần Ngọc Thơ Ho Chi Minh City- 2010  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to my research Supervisor, Pro Dr Tran Ngoc Tho for his precious guidance, share of experience, ceaseless encouragement and highly valuable suggestions throughout the course of my thesis I would like to thank many of my friends from The state bank of VietnamDong nai branch, Vietcombank and Techcombank, who have helped me during the collection of data as well as support me during doing the research I also would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to Professor Nguyen Dong Phong, UEH Board of Directors for creating MBA program in English and Dr Vo Xuan Vinh, Dr Tran Dinh Kien for his support during the course Specially, my thanks go to Mr Quyet, Mr Trung for their valuable and enthusiastic support for this research study and for their comments of English from early draft of my thesis Last but not least, the deepest and most sincere gratitude goes to my beloved parents, my brothers for their boundless support and encouragement throughout my period of study I, therefore, dedicate this work as a gift to them all i ABSTRACT The bankruptcy of a series of large and long- standing banks in the United States has created an alarming signal to the Vietnamese commercial banks, especially in the context of existing too many banks combining with over- expanded credit growth in recent years The objective of the thesis is to introduce an intenal model for banks which will improve their current predictive power of financial risk factors The thesis aims at validating the efficiency of Altman z’ score model for credit risk evaluation through emphirical data Besides that, a simple and reliable defaulted prediction model for manufacturing and privately held firms is also developed on the basis of gathering variables from many models developed in developing countries Financial profiles of 48 defaulted and healthy companies are examined and a model is built using the Discriminant analysis technique The model can be used as a part of intenal credit rating in commercial banks It is also used to assist investors, creditors, auditors to predict business failure Key word: Altman’s model, default risk, bankruptcy risk ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………… i Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… ii Table of contents……………………………………………………………………iii List of figures……………………………………………………………………… v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONi 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research background .4 1.3 Research problem 1.3.1 Research questions .11 1.3.2 Research objectives 11 1.4 Research method 12 1.5 Data analysis and findings 12 1.6 Significance and scope of the study 13 1.7 Structure of the study 13 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURES REVIEW 15 2.1 Overview of the Vietnamese banking system .15 2.2 Credit risk 16 2.2.1 Causes 16 2.2.1.1 Macro factors 16 2.2.1.2 Customers 17 2.2.1.3 Banks .18 2.2.2 Credit risk management 18 2.3 Overview of Altman’s model 20 2.3.1 The Z’ model 24 2.3.2 Previous studies 27 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY & DATA ANALYSIS 35 3.1 Research design .35 iii 3.2 Item generation .36 3.3 Pilot test 37 3.4 Main study 37 3.4.1 Bank selection .37 3.4.2 Sampling 43 3.5 Description of sample 43 3.6 Results of discriminant analysis 47 3.7 New points and limitation .54 3.7.1 New points 54 3.7.2 Limitations .55 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 57 4.1 Conclusions THE ROLE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRACTICES IN ENHANCING SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN TANZANIA: THE CASE STUDY OF THE TANZANIA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LTD SAADA AHMED ALI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2017 ii CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the Open University of Tanzania a dissertation titled: “The Role of Good Governance Practices in Enhancing Service Delivery in Public Institutions in Tanzania: The Case Study of the Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd.”, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master Business Administration (MBA) of the Open University of Tanzania ……………………… ……………… Dr William Pallangyo (Supervisor) …………………………… …………… Date iii COPYRIGHT No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the author or the Open University of Tanzania on her behalf iv DECLARATION I, Saada Ahmed Ali, hereby declare that, this dissertation is my original work and that; it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other university for a similar or any other degree award ……………………… ……………… Signature …………………………… …………… Date v DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my family This dissertation is the fruit of their sacrifice and dedication in supporting my studies and career vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to Almighty God for providing me the strength, determination and courage I needed to conduct this study My appreciation also goes to my adorable family whose moral and material support enabled me to successfully conduct and complete this study My other appreciation goes to my Supervisor, Dr Pallangyo whose criticism, intellectual guidance and academic support enabled me to bring this dissertation to the required level Dr Pallangyo fully deserves credit I also extend my appreciation to all the academic and support staff at the Open University of Tanzania for their support Last but not least, I would like to extend my gratitude to staff and customers of the Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd (TANESCO) in Kinondoni, Ilala and Temeke regions as well as those at the Head Quarters for providing me with all the information I used as data for the present study vii ABSTRACT This study aimed at finding out the role of good governance practices in enhancing service delivery in public institutions in Tanzania using The Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd The main objective of this study was to assess the role of good governance practices in enhancing service delivery in public institutions in Tanzania The methodology used to conduct this study was qualitative research design where random sampling method was employed to select respondents ... Hanoi, Vietnam Abtract: The term Governance” has been used since 1990s in the process of public sector reform and implementation of new public management models in many countries The model “Good Governance”. .. chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Kinh tế Kinh doanh, Tập 33, Số (2017) 1-9 The Application of “Good Governance” Model in Vietnam Pham Thi Hong Diep VNU University of Economics and Business, 144 Xuan Thuy... and inclusive, effective and efficient, rule of law followed In the process of international economic integration and development, the application of the abovementioned characteristics on the