Perception on the quality of vocational education training in VietNam Basis to improve VietNam education training quality

PERCEPTION ON THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING IN VIETNAM: BASIS TO IMPROVE VIETNAM EDUCATION TRAINING QUALITY _ A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Southern Luzon State University, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines in Collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam _ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Business Administration _ By NGUYEN CHI TRUONG (BUSH) December 2013 i APPROVAL SHEET The Dissertation of NGUYEN CHI TRUONG entitled PERCEPTION ON THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING IN VIETNAM: BASIS TO IMPROVE VIETNAM EDUCATION TRAINING QUALITY Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION A program offered by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam has been approved by Oral Examination Committee JOANNA PAULA A ELLAGA, DBA Expert NELLY I MENDOZA, DBA Expert EDWIN P BERNAL, DBA Expert ALICE T VALERIO, PhD External Panel CECILIA N GASCON, PhD Chairman Endorsed by: Recommended by: CONRADO L ABRAHAM, PhD Adviser APOLONIA A ESPINOSA, PhD Dean Accepted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Business Administration _ Date WALBERTO A MACARAAN, EdD Vice President for Academic Affairs ii CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful acknowledgment is hereby given to the following individuals who in one way or another, made this DBA study more bearable and meaningful in the midst of academic pressures; and because of their presence and inspiring assistance, the researcher was able to transcend human weaknesses into strength and was able to respond to the challenges of achieving creativity and success: Dr Conrado L Abraham (SLSU), his first adviser, who gave him the strength and the encouragement to believe in his capacities, and taught him not to be afraid and to keep holding on and be steadfast in achieving his vision/mission In addition, he patiently “listened” to him in his “down” moments and guided him with his wisdom in the completion of this dissertation; Dr Cecilia N Gascon (SLSU), Dr Tran Chi Thien (TNU), Dr Walberto A Macaraan, Dr Joanna Paula A Ellaga, Dr Nelly I Mendoza and Dr Eduardo T Bagtang, the panel of examiners, for their invaluable and constructive comments in improving the manuscript; Prof Dr Duong Duc Lan, Director General, General Directorate of Vocational Training, his external panelist and seasoned expert and also a high ranking policy leader in Vietnam Vocational Technical Education Training system as the Director General, General Directorate of Vocational Training, who shared his precious time in giving him commendable advice which are valuable in developing the dissertation framework; All his mentors/professors in the DBA class who provided him with leadership and managerial skills combined with the “IQ and EQ” formations so that he can be one of those humble yet synergized souls who believe that the community and people-centered development is achievable in our midst; iv Colleagues from the General Directorate of Vocational Training who helped him in the collection of data and information; The Staff of the International Training Center (ITC), Thai Nguyen University and the staff of the University of Labor and Social Affairs, for all the services they have extended to him especially with regards to facilitating his schedules, providing him the convenience and good environment for studying; His classmates for the stimulating and effective learning discussions on case studies and adding more value to his life during his study in DBA class; Special mention is extended to Do Thi Hoa, Hoang Van Hung, Le Ngoc Quang, who never failed to support him in times of difficulty; Nguyen Phuc Huong and Tran Xuan Ngoc (Ronaldo), Nguyen Xuan Phuc (Clinton), his roommates during his study time at Thai Nguyen University for being good friends, sharing with him joys and sorrows, happiness and tiredness during the time of studying in Hanoi and Thai Nguyen City; His mother, sisters and friends and collaborative partners, who had always been with him and never ceased to support him through their patience; Most especially, to his wife, Tong Thi Thu Hang, for her love, patience, and belief in his abilities; for her sacrifices and understanding of leaving their home every Saturday, Sunday and often coming home late after official working time to attend the DBA class, especially during the conduct of his dissertation, and most importantly for taking care of their home and their family; And to his daughter Nguyen Huong Giang and his son Nguyen Chi Truong Son, for giving him the reason to finish this dissertation and for their smiles that bring him energy and inspiration Nguyen Chi Truong v DEDICATION To my ever loving mother, all my sisters, my wife, my children who gave me the energy and strength to withstand the tests of the ‘unknown’ and the entirely new and unique experiences during my study and in completing my dissertation, this piece of work is lovingly dedicated NCT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………… ii CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ……………………………………… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………… iv DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………… vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………… vii LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………… ix LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………… xii ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………… xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ………………………………………………… xiv ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………… xvi CHAPTER I II III INTRODUCTION …………………………………………… Background of the Study ………………………………… Statement of the Problem ………………………………… Objectives of the Study …………………………………… Hypothesis of the Study …………………………………… Significance of the Study ………………………………… Scope and Limitations of the Study ……………………… 10 Definition of Terms ………………………………………… 11 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………… 13 Theoretical Framework ………………………………….… 53 Conceptual Framework ………………………………….… 54 METHODOLOGY ………………………………………… 55 Locale of the Study ………………………………………… 55 Research Design …………………………………………… 55 Population and Sampling ………………………………… 56 Research Instrument ……………………………………… 56 vii Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………… 58 Statistical Treatment ……………………… …….…… 59 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ………………………… 61 V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………… 111 Summary of Findings ……………………………………… 111 Conclusions ………………………………………………… 114 Recommendations ………………………………………… 114 BIBLIOGRAPHY ….………………… ………………………………… 124 APPENDICES …………………………………………………………… 127 CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………… 147 viii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Number of Professional Technical Education and Training Institutions, Teachers and Students (2009~10) 35 2013 Status on Approved NOSS in Vietnam 47 Vietnamese Legislation & Regulation on Certification System 52 Questionnaires’ Point Range 57 Demographic Information of the Respondents 62 Reliability Statistics on Individual Characteristics 64 Mean Distribution of Respondents Perception in Terms of Individual Characteristics 65 Reliability Statistics on Qualification of Lectures 66 Item – Total Statistics of Qualification of Lecturers’ Variable 66 Mean Distribution of Respondents Perception in Terms of Qualifications of Lecturers 67 11 Reliability Statistics on Physical Facilities 68 12 Item – Total Statistics of the Physical Facilities 68 13 Mean Distribution of Respondents’ Perception in Terms of Physical Facilities 69 14 Reliability Statistics on Management Capacity 70 15 Item – Total Statistics of Management Capacity’s Variable 70 16 Mean Distribution of Respondents’ Perception in terms of Management Capacity 71 17 Reliability Statistics on Job Opportunities 72 18 Item – Total Statistics of Job Opportunities 72 19 Mean Distribution of Respondents’ Perception in terms of Job Opportunities 73 10 ix TABLE PAGE 20 Reliability Statistics on Labor Market Information 74 21 Item – Total Statistics of Information on Labor Market’s Variable 74 Mean Distribution of Respondents’ Perception in terms of Information on Labor Market 75 23 Reliability Statistics on Support Policies 76 24 Item – Total Statistics of Support Policies 76 25 Mean Distribution of Respondents’ Perception in terms of Support Policies 77 26 Average Evaluation 78 27 Descriptive Statistics 79 28 Model Summary 80 29 ANOVA 81 30 Result of Linear Regression Analysis 81 31 Test of Homogeneity of Age Variance 83 32 Comparison between the Respondents’ Perception in Terms of Age 84 33 Test of Homogeneity of Gender Variance 85 34 Comparison between the Respondents’ Perception in Terms of Gender 86 35 Test of Homogeneity of Marital Status Variance 87 36 Comparison between the Respondents’ Perception in terms of Marital Status 88 37 Test of Homogeneity of Income Variance 89 38 Comparison between the Respondents’ Perception in Terms of Income 90 22 x 135 developing standard skills such as: vocational training institutions, training institutions, research institutes, entreprises and other organizations (hereinafter called commonly as standard skills developing contracted agency) to carry out the activities to develop national standard skills for the assigned occupation as defined in Articles 9, 10, 11 and 12 of this Regulation; c) Have the right to organize training workshop on survey methods, occupation analyzing methods, task analysis, skills standards developing methods for those who directly participate in developing national standard skills and are members of Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or of standard skills developing contracted agencies; d) Be responsible for the content, quality of national standard skills which are assigned to be developed; ®) Have to prepare document file for draft national standard skills appraisal, including: reports on developing process of national standard skills of the assigned occupation, draft national standard skills to be assigned to develop as defined in Article 12 and mediating outcome like: occupation analyzing chart, tasks analyzing cards as regulated in Article and 10 of this Regulation; e) Complete draft of national standard skills upon the requirements of Appraisal Committee as defined in Item Article 15 of this Regulation (if applicable); g) Complete document file of national standard skills to be submitted to the Minister of the hosting Ministry for consideration as regulated in item Article 16 of this Regulation Article Occupation Analyzing Study, collect information related to relevant standards of the assigned occupation Select entreprises which should survey manufacturing procedures, business procedures for occupation analysis, task analysis and skills standards development 136 Survey manufacturing procedures and business procedures at selected entreprises Analyze the occupation through seminars and analyze survey results in order to set up the occupation analyzing chart as shown in Annex I of this Regulation Study, make reference to occupation analyzing charts of other countries (if applicable), ask for opinion of at least 30 experienced experts who don’t take part in Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or join standard skills developing contracted agencies about the chart being designed in compliance with item of this Article and complete the chart after receiving expert opinions Article 10 Task analysis Design task analysis cards as identified in Annex II of this Regulation for all tasks included in the occupation analyzing chart in order to analyze the following content: working step order; performance criteria as required by manufacturing or business; critical skills and essential knowledge; conditions of necessary tools, equipment and machineries to perform the work effectively Study, make reference to occupation analyzing charts of other countries (if applicable), ask for opinion of at least 30 experienced experts who don’t take part in Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or belong to skills standards developing contracted agencies about the task analysis card being designed in compliance with item of this Article and complete the card after receiving expert opinions Hold seminars to complete the task analysis card Participants of the seminar includes: members of Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or those who participate directly in skills standards developing of contracted agencies; experienced experts of hosting Ministry which host the developing and issuing national skills standards; experienced experts of entreprises and offices, trade associations relating to the occupation to be developed national skills standards 137 Article 11 Develop list of tasks Based on the framework of each skills qualification level as defined in Article of this Regulation, select and arrange tasks of the occupation analyzing chart completed under item Article of this Regulation to make them on the list of tasks using skills qualification levels following Annex III of this Regulation Ask for opinion of at least 30 experienced experts who don’t take part in Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or belong to skills standards developing contracted agencies about the list of tasks being designed in compliance with item of this Article and complete the card after receiving expert opinions Article 12 Compile national skills standards Based on task analysis card being completed under item Article 10, list of tasks being completed under Article 11 and structure of national skills standards as defined in Article of this Regulation, compile national skils standards following the skills standard format shown in Annex IV of this Regulation Ask for opinion of at least 30 experienced experts who don’t take part in compiling national skills standards being developed as regulated in item of this Article and complete after receiving expert opinions Organize seminars to gather opinions about the national skills standards being compiled under item of this Article and then complete the draft of national skills standard and submit it to Developing Committee for final checking before being appraised Participants of the seminar includes: experienced experts, representatives of labour state management offices at different levels, representatives of employers, employees, organizations, research trade associations institutes, training and entreprises, schools, other business offices and organizations relating to the occupation being developed national skills standard 138 Section Organizing appraisal and issuing national skills standard Article 13 National skills standard Appraisal Council National skills standard Appraisal Council for each occupation (hereinafter called Appraisal Council) is established by the Minister of the hosting Ministry to carry out works as regulated in Article 15 of this Regulation Organization structure of Appraisal Council encompasses: Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary and other members Number of members and composition of Appraisal Council are as follows: a) Number of members of Appraisal Council is from to people; b) Composition of Appraisal Council consists of participants who are nominated or introduced by representative offices of employers, employees, trade associations at central level and other offices but don’t take part in the Developing Committee and Occupation Analyzing Sub Committee or national skills standard developing contracted agencies The Appraisal Council has at least 1/3 (one third) of members who are directly working at entreprises having the occupation developing national standard skills Members of Appraisal Council must respond to one of the following criteria: a) Being an engineer or having university degree or higher, being prestigious and having at least years of experience in appraising; b) Having highest skills qualification level or equivalent of the appraised occupation; c) Other members who are doing managing tasks have university degree or higher, at least years of experience in organizing labor of the appraised occupation; Working principles of Appraisal Council: a) Appraisal Council operates under the leadership of Chairman of 139 Appraisal Council; b) Meeting session of Appraisal Council must have at least 2/3 (two third) members of Appraisal Council and have written minutes The minutes of Appraisal Council meeting must be signed by Chairman and Secretary of Appraisal Council c) Appraisal Council works in accordance with democratically centralized principle, each member of Appraisal Council publicly analyze and evaluate advantages and disadvantages of and ballot for evaluating skills standard draft which were submitted for appraisal using Evaluation Form of Annex V of this Regulation; d) The conclusion of Chairman of Appraisal Council must be based on the majority of Evaluation Form of members and be the official conclusion of Appraisal Council Any ideas which are different from the conclusion of Chairman of Appraisal Council will be recorded and reported to the hosting Minister Article 14 National skills standard appraising time and content After 15 working days since receiving documents file of national skills standard draft submitted for appraisal by Developing Committee, Minister of the hosting Ministry makes decision on the establishment of Appraisal Council as regulated in Article 13 of this Regulation After 15 working days since the Decision regarding the establishment of Appraisal Council comes into effect, Appraisal Council implements appraisal activities as defined in Article 15 of this Regulation National skills standard appraisal activities will focus on the following content: a) Assess the correctiveness of procedures of developing national skills standard for the occupation which will be appraised as defined in Article 9, 10, 11 and 12 of this Regulation; b) Appraise the appropriateness of the structure and format of skills 140 standard being developed as defined in Article and Annex IV of this Regulation; c) Appraise the quality of developed skills standards using the criteria clarified in Evaluation Form of Annex V of this Regulation Article 15 National skills standard appraising order Appraising national skills standard are carried out with the following steps: Step 1: preparation a) Appraisal Council prepares an appraisal plan and inform Developing Committee the appraising time, venue and content needed to be reported for Appraisal Council b) Developing Committee sends documents file of national skills standard draft as defined in Point ® Item Article of this Regulation to members of Appraisal Council for studying, preparing comments; c) Members of Appraisal Council study the documents, prepare comments in written clarifying advantages and disadvantages of the submitted national skills standard draft in order to make the basis for contributing ideas at the meeting of Appraisal Council and send written comments to the Chairman of Appraisal Council before the meeting Step 2: Appraisal a) Developing Committee delivers reports as required by Appraisal Council; b) Members of Appraisal Council discuss and publicly assess the submitted national skills standard draft During the appraising meeting session, Developing Committee must give answers to any questions of members of Appraisal Council; c) Members of Appraisal Council ballot evaluation forms for the quality of the submitted national skills standard draft using three grades identified in 141 the Evaluation Form of Annex V of this Regulation, including: meet the requirements and recommend for immediate issuance; meet the requirements but have to modify before recommending for issuance; not meet the requirements and have to re-develop d) Chairman of Appraisal Council summerizes evalutating ideas of members and makes conclusion about the quality of the submitted national skills standard draft Step 3: Appraisal report Chairman of Appraisal Council reports the Minister of hosting Ministry the appraisal results of submitted national skills standard draft (attached meeting minutes and written comments of members of Appraisal Council) and also send it to Developing Committee for considering and meeting the requirements of Appraisal Council Article 16 Issuing national skills standard After Appraisal Council assessed that the submitted national skills standard draft has met the requirements, Developing Committee will complete the documents file of national skills standard being assigned to develop and submit it to hosting Minister for approval then send it to Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs for requesting an written agreement document Documents file of national skills standard consists of: Document of hosting Minister sent to Minister of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs requests for an written agreement document on the issuance of national skills standard, attached national skills standard draft and an appraisal report of Appraisal Council Based on the written agreement document of Minister of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, hosting Minister will make decision on the issuance of national skills standard to be united applied throughout the country National skills standards of all occupations issued by hosting 142 Ministries must be sent to Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs for monitoring and united managing Chapter III Responsibilities of ministries in developing and issuing national skills standards Article 17 Responsibilities of Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs Regulating principles, procedures and directing the developing and issuing national skills standards Unifying plans and assigning for hosting Ministries the development of national skills standard for each occupation and making written agreement document be basis for hosting Ministries to issue national skills standards for occupations after finishing appraisal as required Guiding and inspecting the developing and issuing national skills standards of Ministries Managing all national skills standards issued by Ministries Article 18 Responsibilities of Ministries hosting the developing and issuing national skills standards Preparing plans of organizing developing and issuing national skills standards for occupations under management scope Hosting, coordinating with relevant offices and trade associations in organizing developing and issuing national skills standards for occupations clarified in the plan which is agreed with Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs Directing, guiding and inspecting the developing and appraising national skills standards of assigned occupations Reporting on regular basis and upon the requirement of Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs regarding the situation of organizing developing, appraising and issuing national skills standards of assigned occupations 143 Manage all documents files relating to developing national skills standards of assigned occupations in order to recommend the updating, modifying, supplementing issued national skills standards to make them respond to changes of manufacturing, business and the requirements of regional and international integration For Minister Vice Minister Dam Huu Dac (signed and sealed) 144 APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE The purposes of this questionnaire are to understand the aspirations of learners as well as identify perception of respondents as a basis for investigation and dissertation He / she must complete the questions below Please note there is no right or wrong answers, the answers have equal value and will be kept absolutely secret Full name: ……………………………… …… Phone number: …………………………………… I Private information: Please supply the information below: Gender: Male Female Age: From 18 - 25 From 35 – 45 From 26- 35 Over 45 Married status: Unmarried Married Education level: High School Vocational Education school University, college Average income/month: No income < 1.5 million VND < 1.5 million VND Position: Manager Learner 145 II Answer direction Please mark X in the box of your choice Values from to are equivalent to the levels of agreement and satisfaction Significance values are as follows: Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor III Questionnaire No Criterion(s) I Individual characteristics He / she is learning that work in accordance with the conditions of ability and personal of his/her self His or her family always facilitates apprenticement He / she tries studying vocational education and finding job He / she is optimistic about job opportunities while studying Qualifications of lecturers at the training facility Lecturers are qualified and enthusiastic Lecturers always answered any questions of the learners Lecturers as well, achieve high in many industry trade test He / she feels the qualifications of lecturers Physical facilities at the training facility The Central got full equipment to support learning Equipment are modern Temperature, light, noise in the center are consistent with the learning situation Workplace is clean, cool and safe Management capacity at the training facility Center has management policies suitable to learners Management capacity about all aspects of the central are good Center manage good lecturers Equipment at the center is not stolen Job opportunities II III IV V Level of evaluation 5 5 146 No Criterion(s) The center has policies to support employment for learners leaving school Students with excellent achievement will be retained All center’s learners have jobs after graduation Center strengthen links with the business of the employment problem of learners when they leave school VI Information on labor market The central continues to provide information on the labor market quickly and timely Vocational training center on the needs of the market Learners easily learn information about the labor needs of the business Students feel satisfied with the information that the center provides VII Support policies on vocational training The regime's policies of the center are suitable Center always cater to disadvantaged family at school Center reduced tuition for students who have high academic achievement and family difficulties Policy support of the central are fair VIII Quality of vocational education training The quality of vocational center is good Vocational programs are good Learners are satisfied with vocational education Learners will continue attending vocational education centers Learners will introduce programs of vocational education centers to their family, friends and encourage them to join Level of evaluation 1 5 If you have any recommendations, please write them here: ……………………………………………………………… ………………………… ……… ………………………………………………………………………… …………… Thank you and wish you a nice day! 147 CURRICULUM VITAE I Personal Information Name: NGUYEN CHI TRUONG Birthday: 02nd Feb 1972 Birthplace: Hanoi, Vietnam Civil Status: Married Parents: Nguyen Chi Chinh (father) and Nguyen Thi Ty (mother) Spouse's name (if any): Tong Thi Thu Hang Children: Nguyen Huong Giang (daughter, born in 2007) and Nguyen Chi Truong Son (son, born in 2009), II Educational Qualification Covered Date: 1990-1995 School: Hanoi University of Technology Course: Engineer in Mechano-Informatics Engineering Covered Date: 1998-2001 School: National Economic University, Hanoi, Vietnam Course: Bachelor in General Business Administration Covered Date: 2002-2003 School: Asian Institute of Management (AIM), Makati city, Philippines Course: Master in Development of Management (MDM) III Civil service Eligibility and Government Licensure Examination 148 IV Experiences Year Employed: 1995 - 1996 Position: Mechanical maintenance engineer Agency Name and Address: Daewoo Electronics Plastics Engineering Joint venture Co Ldt in Hanoi, Vietnam Year Employed: 1996 - 1999 Position: Mechanical - Electrical Engineer Agency Name and Address: Kurihara – Thang Long Join venture Co., Ltd.; High technology Electrical Co Ltd and Sumitomo Densetshu Asia Vietnam Co., all of those companies base in Hanoi, Vietnam Year Employed: 2000 – 2003 Position: Project officer Agency Name and Address: Vocational Technical Education Training Project, General Directorate of Vocational Training, 17 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Hanoi, Vietnam Year Employed: 2003 – 2006 Position: Vocation Education Training Researcher Agency Name and Address: Institute of Vocational Education Training, General Directorate of Vocational Training, 37B Nguyen Binh Khiem, Hanoi, Vietnam Year Employed: 2007 – 2009 Position: Deputy Chief of Secretariat, Ministerial office; Assistance to Vice Minister of Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs Agency Name and Address: Ministerial office, Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; 12 Ngo Quyen street, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi, Vietnam 149 Year Employed: 2009 – present Position: Head of Skills Development Division (2009), Head of Skills competition Division (2010-2011) and Deputy Director of Skills Development Department Agency Name and Address: General Directorate of Vocational Training, 37B, Nguyen Binh Khiem street, Hai Ba Trung district, Hanoi, Vietnam ... dissertation discussed the ? ?Perception on the Quality of Vocational Education Training in Vietnam: Basis to Improve Vietnam Education Training Quality ” Statement of the Problem International economic... SHEET The Dissertation of NGUYEN CHI TRUONG entitled PERCEPTION ON THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING IN VIETNAM: BASIS TO IMPROVE VIETNAM EDUCATION TRAINING QUALITY Submitted in Partial... but in 2012, there were only a total of 455 vocational training schools, in which there are 155 vocational training colleges, 305 secondary vocational training schools, 900 vocational training