DSpace at VNU: Commodification of hospitality:The localized process of constructing ethnic tourist market and identity in mai chau, northwest upland of VietNam

DSpace at VNU: Commodification of hospitality:The localized process of constructing ethnic tourist market and identity i...

Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Khoa: Ngôn ngữ học ĐỀ CƯƠNG MÔN HỌC: Tên môn học: Những vấn đề cơ bản về Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt (Some basic issues of Vietnamese Grammar) 1. Thông tin về giảng viên - Họ và tên: Đinh Văn Đức - Chức danh, học hàm, học vị: Giáo sư Tiến sỹ - Thời gian, địa điểm làm việc: Làm việc từ thứ Hai đến thứ Sáu (8h đến 11h và 14h đến 16h30) Tại khoa Ngôn ngữ học, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội - Địa chỉ liên hệ: Khoa Ngôn ngữ học, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Tầng 3, nhà A, 336 Nguyễn Trãi, Hà Nội. - Điện thoại: 84-4- 5588603 - Email: dinhvanduc2002@yahoo.com - Các hướng nghiên cứu chính: Lý thuyết: Lý luận ngôn ngữ Việt ngữ học đồng đại và lịch sử Ứng dụng: Ngôn ngữ học ứng dụng 2. Thông tin chung về môn học - Tên môn học: Những vấn đề cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng Việt - Mã môn học: LIN 6031 - Số tín chỉ: 02 - Môn học: + Bắt buộc: + Tự chọn:  - Yêu cầu đối với môn học: Không - Địa chỉ khoa / bộ môn phụ trách môn học: Bộ môn Ngôn ngữ học đại cương và ứng dụng, Khoa Ngôn ngữ học. Tầng 3, nhà A, 336 Nguyễn Trãi, Hà Nội. 3. Mục tiêu của môn học - Mục tiêu kiến thức: Cung cấp những kiến thức về các vấn đề chính trong ngữ pháp học tiếng Việt; sử dụng trong nghiên cứu và giảng dạy tiếng Việt cho người học thuộc các ngôn ngữ khác . - Mục tiêu kĩ năng: Có kỹ năng sử dụng các thao tác của phương pháp để xử lý các hiện tượng thuộc bình diện ngữ pháp của các ngôn ngữ; nắm bắt được kỹ năng sử dụng các thao tác của phương pháp để xử lý các hiện tượng thuộc địa hạt này. 4.Tóm tắt nội dung môn học: Cung cấp cho nghiên cứu sinh và học viên cao học những kiến thức cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng việt, các phương pháp phân tích ngữ pháp trong Việt ngữ học. Theo đó, học viên nắm bắt được nhiệm vụ, những nguyên tắc, thao tác làm việc và ứng dụng nghiên cứu trong những lĩnh vực khác nhau của ngữ pháp học tiếng việt từ cổ điển đến hiện đại. Nhiệm vụ của môn học là: Giới thiệu các bình diện ngữ pháp chính trong lý luận truyền thống và hiện đại ( Việt ngữ học). Để thực hiện được điều đó, những nguyên tắc phân tích và kỹ năng được coi là những tiêu chí thể hiện sự lý luận cơ bản. Dựa trên nguyên tắc ấy, người nghiên cứu sẽ tuân thủ những thao tác phân tích và mô hình hoá để giải thích những hiện tượng của ngôn ngữ Việt như một ngoại ngữ. 5. Nội dung môn học, hình thức tổ chức dạy và học Hình thức tổ chức dạy và học Lên lớp: 20 Nội dung Lí thuyết 15 Bài tập 2 Thảo luận 3 Thực hành, điền dã 0 Tự học, tự nghiên cứu 10 Tổng 30 Chương 1. Giới thiệu sơ lược về lịch sử ngữ pháp học tiếng Việt. 1.1. Sự ra đời và phát triển của các công trình nghiên cứu ngữ pháp TV. 1.2 Quan niệm phân tích ngữ pháp truyền thống và hiện đại. 3 0 1 0 2 6 Chương 2. Phân tích Từ pháp TV 2.1. Phân tích cấu trúc từ 2.2. Phân tích từ loại 2.3. Phân tích Phạm trù Ngữ pháp. 3 0 0 0 2 5 Chương 3. Ngữ pháp ngữ đoạn 3.1. Các thao tác phân tích đoản ngữ 3.2. Các thao tác phân tích Mệnh đề 3 0 1 0 2 6 Chương 4. Phân tích cú pháp Câu 4.1. Cơ sở lý luận 4.2. Các thao tác và mô 3 1 0 0 2 6 hình phân tích cơ bản. 4.3. Những ưu điểm và nhược điểm khi áp dụng vào tiếng Việt. Chương 5. Phương pháp phân tích câu TV theo ngữ pháp chức năng luận. 5.1. Cơ sở lý luận. 5.2. Các mô hình phân tích VNU.JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ECONOMICS-LAW, Nq2E, 2006 SO M E FUNDAM ENTAL ISSU ES OF NON-CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL LAW ON THE SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SEC URITY Le V an C am 1’1 I In tro d u ctio n Politburo’s Resolution 08/NQ-TW; (2) the judicial system in general and criminal justice in particular not function in an independent, scientific, ju st and lawabiding m anner so as to effectively carry out judicial procedure in general and criminal procedure in particular; and (3) there rem ains a shortage of legal documents in general and criminal-lawrelated documents in particular which have COMMODIFICATION OF HOSPITALITY: THE LOCALIZED PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING ETHNIC TOURIST MARKET AND IDENTITY IN MAI CHAU, NORTHWEST UPLAND OF VIETNAM Assist Prof Achariya Choowonglert, Ph.D Introduction The Tai in Mai Chau district, Hda Binh Province in the Northwest Upland Region of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), are one of fifty-three ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, as listed in the official ethnic classification system used by the country's government Before integrafion of the region into the SRV's admintrative structure, the Tai in Mai Chau (Mudng Mun in the past) were dominant within the multi-ethnic, semi-independent polity that existed at that time a tributai7 to the empires of Vietnam for hundreds of years Historically, While Tai has been connected to the Vietnamese court/state for a long lime It would be meaningless to talk about While Tai ethnic identity without placing it in this context - their long relationship with Vietnamese state Because it is this relationship - their commercial, political, and social negotiation with state ~ which have produced their modernity Presently, Mai Chau is considered a place of ethnic and cultural diversity and as the gateway to the Northwest Upland Region It is located inbetween Hanoi and the northwest region (where the ethnic majority population is Tai), and is connected by national road no.6 It is also a strategically important place in terms of the tourism market, for in the early 1990s, after entering into the market economy, Mai Chau was promoted, by the government as a cultural tourism area, and this put the area on the tourist map Presently, Mai Chau is considered a,s an "ethnic homestay village", with each ethnic (White Tai) homestay providing the tourists with accommodation (an overnight stay), meals and cultural shows As an anthropologist with a fair grasp of the Vietnamese and While Tai languages (speaking, reading and writing), I have been collecting data for over five Assistant Professor at Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, THAILAND Email: aehariyach@gmail.com 472 COMMODIFICATION OF HOSPITALITY years, during 2007 - 2011 mainly as a result of infonnal discussions with inlbrrriants and long-term observation while underaking a variety of roles in the study area Such roles have included being a tourist, a student studying the While Tai in Mai Chau and also a researcher This study highlights the integrafion local culture into tourism business in the context of global tourist market In market eonslruetion, people are actively manipulating tourism instead of just coping and negotiating with global forces This notion regards the hosts as active agents who are able to lake advantage of tourism This paper reveals that local people are able to turn global force into "localized process" (Pieard 2003: 109) which can be seen through their construction of identity as "entrepreneur" In the process of cultural eonstrucling tourist market, they are able to transfrom themselves from peasant to entrepreneur by means of converting social and cultural capital into economic capitals; while in some situations, they can also negotiate for changing the local relationships This study then, represents an attempt to point out how these processes reconslmet the contemporary identity of the White Tai in the contemporary world Articulating with the Market Economy in Transition (1986 - early 2000s): Forming the Tourist Market Throughout last two decades Vietnam facilitated tourism development and developed tourism infrastructures with the hope that they will benefit her people Mai Chiiu had been constructed and represented as a tourist landscape According to Lonely Planet, the famous travelling guide book, Mai Chau is one of five highlighted tourist atlractions of the Northwest region of Vietnam Mai Chau represents the beatiful landscape and traditonal White Tai stilt house White Tai traditional custom and weaving had been well documented in travel articles during the 1990s (Lan 2000: 118) In Mai Chau, government have used tourism as a means of development, which includes promoting villages as handicraft centers The beautiful landscape, idyllic paddy field valleys, and as well as its traditional stilt houses combined to make it a successful tourist destination The villagers open their house to welcome tourists to have meals and stay over night Thus then Mai Chau is known as ethnic tourist attraction and a homestay village Besides, to foreign tourists, is Mai Chau known as a place for trekking to minority villages The household economy during the market transition period is significantly different from the period of eollective farming The significance of Ddi Mdl, by promoting handicraft villages in particular, on the community is profound It brought about important stmctural changes in the economic and social life of the people There are various and differentiated economic activities that the villagers ... 1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG NGUYỄN THỊ MINH THƯ AN INVESTIGATION INTO SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF IDIOMS DENOTING WORK IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE Field: THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Code: 60.22.15 M.A. THESIS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (A Summary) DANANG – 2011 2 This thesis has been completed at the College of Foreign Languages – the University of Danang Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. TRUONG VIEN Examiner 1: Duong Bach Nhat, Ph. D. Examiner 2: Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, Ph. D. The thesis was presented at the Examining Committee at the University of Danang Time : 08 Jan 2012 Venue : University of Danang This thesis is available at: • The library of the College of Foreign Languages, the University of Danang • Information Resources Center, the University of Danang 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. RATIONALE Language is considered as a system of communicating among people who use sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language. Moreover, language is considered as a way to communicate ideas comprehensibly from one person to another in such a way that the other will be able to act exactly accordingly. And idiom is one of the exciting and popular languagephenomenons. Therefore, to learn a language, a person needs to learn the words in that language, and how and when to use them. But people also need to learn idioms separately. And idioms reflect accumulated human experiences and are built on frequently occurring situations that demonstrate human behavior, social traits, certain habits or tradition in a country. Every country or nation has got their own idioms that are specific to their own culture, while many idioms have synonyms in several countries what refers to the equal shared human nature in many cultures. Every country or nation has got their own idioms that are specific to their own culture, while many idioms have synonyms in several countries what refers to the equal shared human nature in many cultures. Learning the specific idioms reFor example, "Ideally he'd like to find himself a plum job in New York." A desirable position which is well-paid and considered relatively easy 4 is called a plum job. That is what the above idiom wants to convey. Or "Clinton and Obama teaming up for the general election would be a dream ticket for many Democrats”. In considering “dream ticket”, what people want to mean this idiom is not dream or ticket. Actually, this meaning is that two people who work well together and be successful. Or “Con trai tôi là niềm tự hào của cả nhà, cả họ, cùng với tiến bộ của nó trong sự học hành hi vọng trong lòng tôi cứ lớn dần, ñời nó sẽ thoát ñược cái cảnh chân lấm tay bùn, một nắng hai sương, bán mặt cho ñất bán lưng cho trời, suốt ñời lẽo ñẽo theo sau ñít trâu cày và tầm mắt chỉ thấy những gì quanh luỹ tre làng.(Huỳnh Văn Úc,2009) Being aware of the importance of idioms in learning language as well as in daily life, here and there, many researchers have investigated the syntactic and semantic features of idioms denoting the topics such as weather, money, body parts, animals, colours, causes and effects, verb of motion, etc. . . Nevertheless, an investigation into idioms denoting work at language levels has not been deal with so far. VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 25 (2009) 165-173 Grammatical and semantic features of some English words and idioms denoting happiness - the feeling of great pleasure Nguyen Thi Van Lam* Department of Foreign Languages, Vinh University, Nghe An, Vietnam Received February 2009 Abstract This article is intended for the discussion of the lexemes denoting the feeling of great pleasure sub-classified into four groups of adjectives (‘delighted’, ‘elated’, and ‘jubilant’); nouns (‘bliss’, ‘ecstasy’, ‘euphoria’, ‘glee’, ‘joy’, and ‘rapture’); verbs (‘exult’ and ‘rejoice’); and CAS E REP O R T Open Access Development of Buffalo Hump in the course of antiretroviral therapy including raltegravir and unboosted atazanavir: a case report and review of the literature Giancarlo Ceccarelli 1* , Gabriella d’Ettorre 1 , Francesco Marchetti 2 , Cecilia Rizza 1 , Claudio M Mastroianni 1 , Bruno Carlesimo 2 , Vincenzo Vullo 1 Abstract Introduction: The availability of raltegravir plus atazanavir provides an alternative antiretroviral strategy that may be equally efficacious and less toxic than those currently recommended in HIV treatment guidelines. In fact, this new combination antiretroviral therapy attracts the attention of the scientific community because both drugs have a good safety profile coupled with potent antiviral activity, and their combined use would avert nucleoside- and ritonavir-related toxicities. Case presentation: We describe the case of a 47-year-old, Caucasian woman treated for HIV-1 infection who developed Buffalo Hump during antiretroviral therapy, including raltegravir and unboosted atazanavir. Clinical evaluation and an ultrasonography scan of the cervical region showed a new progressive increase of lipohypertrophy and the results of DEXA confirmed these data. In our patient the worsening of the Buffalo Hump cannot be attributed to hypercortisolism; insulin-resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperlactatemia and metabolic syndrome were not present. Moreover, she was not in therapy with antiretroviral drugs that are described as the cause of Buffalo Hump; on the other hand she developed this side effect three months after the switch of the antiretroviral therapy to raltegravir plus unboosted ataza navir. Conclusion: Current data indicate that the etiology of HIV-associated Buffalo Hump remains elusive but is likely multifactorial; a possible contributing cause, but not the main cause, could be exposure to antiretroviral drugs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on development of Buffalo Hump in the course of antiretroviral therapy, including the use of these drugs. On the basis of our data we can formulate the hypothesis of a pharmacological pathogenesis that underlies the development of this case of Buffalo Hump in the absence of other risk factors. Introduction Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment guidelines currently recommend ARV regimens containing a Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (N(t)RTIs) based back- bone with a Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhi- bitor (NNRTI) or ritonavir boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI/r). However, significant toxicity has been associated with N(t)RTI(s) and PI/r containing regimens. Recent data presented by Gupta et al. show that the comb ina- tion of raltegravir (RAL) plus unboosted atazanavir (ATV) may be an alternative effective ARV regimen demonstrating good virologic and immunologic response. Furthermore, the combination is well tolerated and has a low incidence of adverse effects [1]. Moreover, side effects reported by Zhu et al. during a study in healthy subjects were generally “mild-to moderate” in intensity.Commonsideeffectsseenwhenbothdrugs were taken were jaundice and headache [2]. Ripamonti et al. evidenced that after five to seven months of ther- apy based on RAL p lus ATV no patients discontinued * Correspondence: giancarlo.ceccarelli@uniroma1.it 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, “Sapienza ” University, Rome, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Ceccarelli et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2011, 5:70 http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/70 JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CASE REPORTS © 2011 Ceccarelli et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Acce ss article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestrict ed use, distribution, and reproduction in any me dium, provided the original work is properly cited. treatment due to drugs used in therapy, The structure of the O-chain of the lipopolysaccharide of a prototypal diarrheagenic strain of Hafnia alvei that has characteristics of a new species under the genus Escherichia Reine Eserstam 1 , Thushari P. Rajaguru 1,2 , Per-Erik Jansson 1 , Andrej Weintraub 3 and M. John Albert 4 1 Clinical Research Center, Analytical unit, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; 3 Karolinska Institute, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden; 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait The structure of the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysac- charide from a diarrheal strain isolated in Bangladesh was studied with sugar, and methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and partial acid hydrolysis. The strain was first designated as Hafnia alvei, but later found to be a possible new species in the genus Escherichia. Two different polysaccharides were detected, a major and a minor one. The structure of the major polysaccharide is gi- ven below, while the structure of the minor one was not investigated. The structure of the repeating unit was estab- lished as →6)-β- D -Galf-(1→3)-β- D -GalpNAc-(1→3)-β- D -Galp-(1→ α-NeuAc ↑ 6 2 The structure does not resemble any of the previously investigated lipopolysaccharide O-chains from Escherichia coli or H. alvei, but could fit in either group based on types of sugar residues and acidity. Phenotypic microbiological studies cannot definitely assign it to either species of the two genera. Genetic hybridization studies indicate that the Bangladeshi isolates may require a new species designation under the genus Escherichia. Keywords: lipopolysaccharide; Escherichia; Hafnia alvei; diarrhea; neuraminic acid. Hafnia alvei is a Gram negative bacterium and a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. There are reports of associ- ation of H. alvei with diarrhoea in Canada [1] and Finland [2], but the mechanism of diarrhoea caused by this organism in these locations remains unknown [3]. However, some isolates of a bacterium typed as H. alvei from patients with diarrhoea in Bangladesh produced diarrhoea in rabbits by attaching and effacing (AE) lesions in the intestinal mucosa that are characteristic of the lesions produced by entero- pathogenic Escherichia coli [4]. Like enteropathogenic E. coli,theseH. alvei isolates possess a homologous patho- genicity island in the chromosome locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE), which is responsible for producing attaching and effacing lesions [5]. LEE encodes a type III secretory system [6]. Secretion of the virulence factors leads to effacement of the microvillus structure and reorganiza- tion of the actin cytoskeleton to form a pedestal-like structure, the attaching and effacing lesion [7]. AE lesion formation is critical in mediating diarrhoea production in the host, but its exact role in disease is not known. Recent results from conventional biochemical analyses, testing of susceptibility to cephalothin, lysis by a Hafnia-specific phage, and amplification of the outer membrane protein gene phoE with species-specific primers support the identi- fication of these isolates as VNƯ Journal of Science, N atural Sciences an d Technology 23 (2007) 86-90 Two new species of the genus Arisaema Mart (Araceae) described for Flora of JOURNAL OF Veterinary Science J. Vet. Sci. (2009), 10(2), 99 󰠏 103 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.2.99 *Corresponding author Tel: +82-64-754-3379; Fax: +82-64-756-3354 E-mail: jooh@jejunu.ac.kr The role of Bcl-xL and nuclear factor- κ B in the effect of taxol on the viability of dendritic cells Mi-Hyoung Kim 1 , Hong-Gu Joo 1,2, * 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2 Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea Taxol has been used effectively in cancer therapies. Our previous study demonstrated that taxol induced altered maturation and improved viability of dendritic cells (DCs). However, the effects of taxol on DC viability have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, flow cytometric analyses revealed that taxol treatment significantly increased the number of viable DCs and the expression levels of a representative anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Furthermore, mobilization of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) from the cytosol to the nucleus in DCs was observed by confocal microscopy. An inhibition assay using N-p-tosyl- L -phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone confirmed that NF- κ B was intimately involved in the effects of taxol on DC viability. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms of taxol enhancement of DC viability. Since taxol is a popular anticancer agent used in clinic, this study may provide a rationale for the use of taxol in DC immunotherapy to treat cancer patients. Taken together, these results confirm that taxol increases DC viability, and this information may provide new insights for new clinical applications of both taxol and DCs. Keywords: apoptosis, dendritic cell, NF-κB, taxol, viability Introduction Taxol is a well-known anticancer drug used for many types of cancers, including breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancers [4,22]. Taxol is purified from Taxus brevifolia and acts as a microtubule-targeting anticancer drug by hindering the depolymerization of microtubules within cancer cells [21]. The effects of taxol on a variety of immune cells have been studied extensively. In taxol-treated macrophages, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were elevated and the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is a critical cytokine in innate and cell-mediated immunity, was increased [10,14]. Furthermore, it was suggested that taxol might enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells [12]. Dendritic cells (DCs), the specialized antigen- presenting cells that prime naïve lymphocytes for host immune responses, are a likely target of taxol [1]. However, the effects of taxol on DCs have not been fully elucidated. Many anticancer drugs destroy not only cancer cells, but also immune-related cells and bone marrow cells. The destruction of these latter cells results in immunosuppression and failure of hematopoietic homeostasis [19]. Interestingly, our previous study demonstrated that taxol induced the altered maturation of DCs by the enhancement of surface maturation markers, a low percentage of apoptotic cells, and a low proliferation of allogeneic splenocytes [6]. This study investigated the mechanism by which taxol induces DC survival and demonstrated that taxol sustained DC viability by protecting against cytokine withdrawal- induced apoptosis. Materials ... That is rather than coping with globalization; tourist market of Mai Chau can also be seen as the "localized process" As part of the commodification of hospitality and in a situation of changing... reason being some of their children studied at the universifies in Hanoi, and/ or Source: Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Vietnam, cited in hltp://vietnambusiness asia/exploring-villages -of- northwest- ethnie-minorities,... have gained access to the market Secondly, in relation to the state 496 COMMODIFICATION OF HOSPITALITY and the Vietnamese tourists, eonslmeting their identity as entrepreneurs in the tourist market