DSpace at VNU: Formations of endogenous ore deposits and mineralization in VietNam

DSpace at VNU: Formations of endogenous ore deposits and mineralization in VietNam tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận v...

VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 24 (2008) 26-31 26 Formations of endogenous ore deposits and mineralization in Vietnam Nguyen Van Nhan College of Science, VNU Received 14 January 2008; received in revised form 05 March 2008 Abstract. Formations of endogenous ore deposits and mineralization are widely distributed in Vietnam. Detailed studies allow for distinguishing 30 ore formations representing 9 groups of mineral raw - materials: Cr, Ti, Fe, Sn - W, Mo, Pb - Zn, Au, Sb - Hg. Three of presented formations are of magmatic affiliation, one is pegmatitic, three others belong to skarn mineralization and the remaining ones are of hydrothermal - volcanic and controversial origin. Three metallogenic epochs can be distinguished: Proterozoic, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic - Cainozoic. Taking into consideration the recent structural data and economic importance along with the geochemical units can be distinguished in Vietnam: 1. Sialic - mafic Viet Bac; 2. Mafic Tay Bac; 3. Sialic Truong Son; 4. Mafic - metamorphic Kontum; 5. Sialic - alkaline Dalat - Nam Bo. Keywords: Endogenous ore deposit; Mineralization. * Vietnam and other countries of SE Asia cover an outstanding area of the crossing of two structural and metallogenic belts: Pacific and Mediterranean. Simultaneously, this area is an active continental margin Abundant and variable ore mineralization is known with the famous W - Sn belt and deposits of Cr, Cu, Zn - Pb, Au, Sb - Hg, Bi, Mo and REE. Geological history of the investigated area is influenced by the development of the two large adjacent structures: Southern China platform and Indo - China fold belt. Typical feature of Vietnam area is the Mesozoic and Cainozoic activization structures. Numerous intrusions ranging in age from Proterozoic to Cainozoic were formed in tectono - magmatic _______ * Tel.: 84-984973786. cycles operating within the fold belts and activated areas. Detailed studies allow for distinguishing 30 ore formations representing 9 groups of mineral raw - materials: Cr, Ti, Fe (Fig. 1), Sn - W (Fig. 2), Mo, Zn - Pb, Au, Sb - Hg (Fig. 3). Three of presented formations are of magmatic affiliation, one is pegmatitic, three others belong to skarn mineralization and the remaining ones are of hydrothermal - volcanic and controversial origin. Three metallogenic epochs can be distinguished: Proterozoic, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic - Cainozoic. Archean endogenous mineralization is poorely known but others contain numerous, genetically diversified magmatic and post - magmatic deposits. Nguyen Van Nhan / VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 24 (2008) 26-31 27 106 0 HANOI Hai Phong CHINA 20 0 Da Nang Hue L A O S CAMBODIA Nha Trang Ho Chi Minh Can Tho 106 0 12 0 16 0 I II III IV V 0 100 200 300 km 4 5 7 1 6 9 3 8 10 2 VI VII VIII Fig. 1. Sheme of Cr, Ti, Fe ore formations in Vietnam Metallogenic units: I. Viet Bac; II. Tay Bac; III. Truong Son; IV. Kon Tum; V. Da Lat - Nam Bo; VI. The Cr ore deposits (1. Nui Nua, 2. Hon Vang); VII. The Ti ore deposits (3. Nui Chua, 4. Tam ki, 5. Xa Hieu); VIII. The Fe ore deposits (6. Cao Bang, 7. Ha Tinh, 8. Trai Cau, 9. Lang Khuan, 10. Linh Nham). During Proterozoic the area of Vietnam was a proto - geosynclinal - proto continental area marked by basaltoid - granitoid magmatism. In the initial geosynclinal stage sedimentary - volcanic pile of VNU Jo u rn al of Scicnce, E arth Scicnces 24 (2008) 26-31 Formations of endogenous ore deposits and mineralization in Vietnam Nguyen Van Nhan Colỉege of Science, VNU R eceived 14 January 2008; received in revised form 05 M arch 2008 A b strạct F o rm atio n s of c n d o g e n o u s ore deposits an d m in era liza tio n arc vvidely d istrib u te d in V ietnam D etailed stu d ie s allow for d istin g u ish in g 30 o rc fo rm a tio n s re p rc se n tin g g ro u p s of m incral w - m atcrials: Cr, Ti, Fe, Sn - w , Mo, Pb - Zn, A u, Sb - H g T h re e of p re sen ted íorm atio n s are of m a g m a tic affiliation, one is pegm atitic, thrcc o th c rs bclong to sk a rn m in eralizatio n and tho rc m ain in g o n es arc of h y d ro th c rm a l - volcanic and controvcrsial origin T hree m etallogcnic epochs can bc d istin g u ish c d : P roterozoic/ Palaeo/.oic and M esozoic - C ainozoic T aking into considcratio n th e reccnt stru c tu l d a ta and cconom ic im portance along vvith th c gcochem ical u n its can be d istin g u ish e d in V ictnam : Sialic - m afic Viet Bac; M aíic T ay Bac; Sialic T ru o n g Son; M aíic m e ta m o rp h ic K ontum ; Sialic - alkalinc Dalat - N am Bo Keyioords: E n d o g cn o u s ore deposit; M incralization V ietnam an d other countries of SE Asia cover an o u tstan d in g area of the Crossing of tw o structural a n d m etallogenic belts: Paciíic and M editerranean Sim ultaneously, this area is an activc Continental m argin A b undant and variable ore m ineralization is knovvn with the íam ous vv - Sn b elt and deposits of Cr, Cu, Zn - Pb, Au, Sb - Hg, Bi, M o and REE Geological h istory of the investigated area is influenced by the developm ent of the two large adjacent structures: Southern China platíorm and In d o - C hina íolckbelt Typical ícature of V ietnam area is the M esozoic and Cainozoic activization structures N um crous intrusions ran g in g in age írom Proterozoic to Cainozoic w ere íorm ed in tectono - m agm atic cycles operating w ithin the íold bclts and activated areas D etailed stu d ies allow for distinguishing 30 ore ío n atio n s representing groups oí m ineral raw - m aterials: Cr, Ti, Fe (Fig 1), Sn w (Fig 2), Mo, Zn - Pb, Au, Sb - Hg (Fig 3) T hree of presented íorm ations are of m agm atic aííiliation, one is pegm atitic, three others belong to skarn m ineralization and the rem aining ones are of hydrotherm al volcanic and controversial origin Three m etallogenic epochs can be distinguished: Proterozoic/ Palaeozoic and M esozoic - Cainozoic A rchean endogenous m ineralization is poorely know n but others contain num erous, genetically diversiíied m agm atic and post - m agm atic deposits ♦TeL: 84-984973786 26 Nguyên Van Nhan / VNU Ịoum al of Science, Enrth Sciences 24 (2008) 26-3Ĩ CHINA 27 connected vvith basic m etavolcanics (grcenschists) also belong to this stage Palaeozoic m etallogenic epoch em braces several ore - íorm ations Few ultrabasic basic intrusions contain Cu - Ni and Ti m agnetite m ineralization Pegm atites related to Late - Palaeozoic granite intrusions host cassiterite íorm ation w ith accom panying Nb and Ta G alena - sphalerite íorm ation w ith Pb - Sb sulphosalts is connected vvith granite grano - syenite intrusions and associated liparite - trachites Fig S hem e of Cr, Ti, Fe orc ío rm atio n s in V ictnam Metalỉogenic units: I V iet Bac; II T ay Bac; III T m o n g Son; IV Kon Tum ; V Da Lat - N am Bo; VI T he C r ore d ep o sits (1 N ui N ua, H o n V ang); VII T he Ti o re d cp o sits (3 N u i C hua, T am ki, Xa Hicu); VIII T h e Fe o re d c p o s its (6 C ao B ang, H a Tinh, CAWBOOlA Trai C au, L ang K huan, 10 Linh N ham ) D uring Proterozoic the area of Vietnam vvas a p ro to - geosynclinal - proto Continental area m arked by basaltoid - granitoid m agm atism In th e initial geosynclinal stage sedim entary - volcanic pile of considerable thickness vvas deposited Basic volcanic and meta - gabbros (ophiolite type) contain chalcopyrite - m agnetite - ortite íorm ation (s.c., Cu - pyrites) vvithin m etasom atic rocks of Proterozoic basem ent Pyrite and polym etalic Cu - p y rite íorm ations genetically Fig S hem e of Sn - 100 200 300 km w ore ío rm atio n s in V ietnam Metaỉlogenic units: I V iet Bac; II T ay Bac; III T ru ô n g Son; IV Kon T um ; V Da Lat - N am Bo; VI T he Sn - w ore d ep o sits (39 T inh Tuc, 40 T am Dao, 41 Q u y H op, 42 Kim C uong, 43 Ban C h ien g , 44 P h u Loi) 28 N guy en Van Nhan / VNU Ịourrnl o f Science, Enrth Sciences 24 (2008) 26-32 Post - P crm ian rejuvenation of tectonic and m agm atic activity in the w holc area of Vietnam resulted in n um erous valuable ore and other raw - m aterial deposits Two m etallogenic epochs can be distinguished: C im m erian a n d Alpine C im m erian epoch includes deposits and m ineralizatíon of Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb - Zn, Mo, Sn, w , Sb - H g, Au - Ag In the Black River depression P erm o - Triassic basic volcanics are com m on w ith the related íorm ations of pyrites, ...Implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and CDM in Vietnam Dr.Dao Duc Tuan Mr Nguyen Khac Hieu National Office for Ozone Protection & Climate Change Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment Content      Background Climate change impacts United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol (KP) to UNFCCC and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Main activities and results of UNFCCC implementation in Vietnam UNEP Project on Capacity Building for CDM Background • Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are vital because they act like a blanker around the earth to stabilize temperature Without this natural blanket the surface average temperature of the earth would be -200C • Steam, CO2, CH4, N2O are main GHGs • Due to industrialization to develop social-economic, anthropogenic GHG emissions are increasing significantly in the atmosphere • Increase of GHG concentration in the atmosphere leads to climate change Greenhouse Effect CO2 in the atmosphere of some planets Background (Cont.) • Many human activities contribute to GHG emissions: ➢ Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) ➢ Exploiting mine ➢ Industry activities ➢ Food production activities ➢ Burning and exploiting forests ➢ Land use change ➢ Waste • Due to these activities, global average temperature increased 0.60C over the last 100 years • It is estimated that global temperature would increase from to 3,50C CO2 emissions from industrial processes CO2 emission from land use change CO2 density in the atmosphere Impacts of Climate Change Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) • Vietnam has carried out the following climate change projects: Asian: Study on global impacts of climate change CC:TRAIN “Asian Least Cost GHG Abatement Strategy” (ALGAS) Vietnam coastal zone vulnerability assessment Economic of GHG Limitation (Phase 1): “Formulization of methodology to assess GHG limitation “ Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) Reduction of electricity consumption in Cement Ha Tien Plant by using surplus thermal for additional generation Implementation of UNFCCC in Quang Ninh Province “Enabling Activities for the Preparation of Initial National Communication Related to UNFCCC” “Vietnam National Strategy Study on Clean Development Mechanism” (NSS) 10 Use of biogas 11 Increasing carbon sequestration in planted forest in Vietnam through use of genetically improved species 12 Energy efficient in Public Lighting sector Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) D Main results: National GHG Inventories (1990, 1993, 1994): - Energy - Industrial Processes - Agriculture - Land use change and Forestry - Waste National GHG Inventory Result in 1994 Land use change and Forestry 19,4 Tg - 18,6% Agriculture 52,5 Tg - 50,5% Waste 2,5 Tg -2,5% Energy 25,6 Tg - 24,7% Industrial processes 3,8Tg - 3,7% GHG Emission Project in Vietnam CO2 equivalent ( Tg ) 250 200 150 Energy Forestry Agriculture Total 100 50 1993 -50 2000 2010 Year 2020 Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) • Develop and assess GHG mitigation options A/ Energy:  Use of renewable energies (wind, solar)  Energy efficiency improvement for Cooking Stoves  Compact Fluorescent Lamp  Energy efficiency improvement for old air-conditioning, fridge, engine  Fuel Efficiency Improvements with Lean Burn Engine in Transportation Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) B/ Forestry  Long-term rotation reforestation  Short-term rotation reforestation  Afforestation  Scatter plantation C/ Agriculture  Water management on rice fields  Processing animal food  Biogas utilization in rural areas Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.) • Vulnerability assessment and development of measures to cop with climate change • Raising awareness and knowledge - Workshops, seminars - Compilation of programmes, video to disseminate • Development of climate change project ideas to attract Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Khoa: Ngôn ngữ học ĐỀ CƯƠNG MÔN HỌC: Tên môn học: Những vấn đề cơ bản về Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt (Some basic issues of Vietnamese Grammar) 1. Thông tin về giảng viên - Họ và tên: Đinh Văn Đức - Chức danh, học hàm, học vị: Giáo sư Tiến sỹ - Thời gian, địa điểm làm việc: Làm việc từ thứ Hai đến thứ Sáu (8h đến 11h và 14h đến 16h30) Tại khoa Ngôn ngữ học, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội - Địa chỉ liên hệ: Khoa Ngôn ngữ học, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn Tầng 3, nhà A, 336 Nguyễn Trãi, Hà Nội. - Điện thoại: 84-4- 5588603 - Email: dinhvanduc2002@yahoo.com - Các hướng nghiên cứu chính: Lý thuyết: Lý luận ngôn ngữ Việt ngữ học đồng đại và lịch sử Ứng dụng: Ngôn ngữ học ứng dụng 2. Thông tin chung về môn học - Tên môn học: Những vấn đề cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng Việt - Mã môn học: LIN 6031 - Số tín chỉ: 02 - Môn học: + Bắt buộc: + Tự chọn:  - Yêu cầu đối với môn học: Không - Địa chỉ khoa / bộ môn phụ trách môn học: Bộ môn Ngôn ngữ học đại cương và ứng dụng, Khoa Ngôn ngữ học. Tầng 3, nhà A, 336 Nguyễn Trãi, Hà Nội. 3. Mục tiêu của môn học - Mục tiêu kiến thức: Cung cấp những kiến thức về các vấn đề chính trong ngữ pháp học tiếng Việt; sử dụng trong nghiên cứu và giảng dạy tiếng Việt cho người học thuộc các ngôn ngữ khác . - Mục tiêu kĩ năng: Có kỹ năng sử dụng các thao tác của phương pháp để xử lý các hiện tượng thuộc bình diện ngữ pháp của các ngôn ngữ; nắm bắt được kỹ năng sử dụng các thao tác của phương pháp để xử lý các hiện tượng thuộc địa hạt này. 4.Tóm tắt nội dung môn học: Cung cấp cho nghiên cứu sinh và học viên cao học những kiến thức cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng việt, các phương pháp phân tích ngữ pháp trong Việt ngữ học. Theo đó, học viên nắm bắt được nhiệm vụ, những nguyên tắc, thao tác làm việc và ứng dụng nghiên cứu trong những lĩnh vực khác nhau của ngữ pháp học tiếng việt từ cổ điển đến hiện đại. Nhiệm vụ của môn học là: Giới thiệu các bình diện ngữ pháp chính trong lý luận truyền thống và hiện đại ( Việt ngữ học). Để thực hiện được điều đó, những nguyên tắc phân tích và kỹ năng được coi là những tiêu chí thể hiện sự lý luận cơ bản. Dựa trên nguyên tắc ấy, người nghiên cứu sẽ tuân thủ những thao tác phân tích và mô hình hoá để giải thích những hiện tượng của ngôn ngữ Việt như một ngoại ngữ. 5. Nội dung môn học, hình thức tổ chức dạy và học Hình thức tổ chức dạy và học Lên lớp: 20 Nội dung Lí thuyết 15 Bài tập 2 Thảo luận 3 Thực hành, điền dã 0 Tự học, tự nghiên cứu 10 Tổng 30 Chương 1. Giới thiệu sơ lược về lịch sử ngữ pháp học tiếng Việt. 1.1. Sự ra đời và phát triển của các công trình nghiên cứu ngữ pháp TV. 1.2 Quan niệm phân tích ngữ pháp truyền thống và hiện đại. 3 0 1 0 2 6 Chương 2. Phân tích Từ pháp TV 2.1. Phân tích cấu trúc từ 2.2. Phân tích từ loại 2.3. Phân tích Phạm trù Ngữ pháp. 3 0 0 0 2 5 Chương 3. Ngữ pháp ngữ đoạn 3.1. Các thao tác phân tích đoản ngữ 3.2. Các thao tác phân tích Mệnh đề 3 0 1 0 2 6 Chương 4. Phân tích cú pháp Câu 4.1. Cơ sở lý luận 4.2. Các thao tác và mô 3 1 0 0 2 6 hình phân tích cơ bản. 4.3. Những ưu điểm và nhược điểm khi áp dụng vào tiếng Việt. Chương 5. Phương pháp phân tích câu TV theo ngữ pháp chức năng luận. 5.1. Cơ sở lý luận. 5.2. Các mô hình phân tích VNU.JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ECONOMICS-LAW, Nq2E, 2006 SO M E FUNDAM ENTAL ISSU ES OF NON-CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL LAW ON THE SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SEC URITY Le V an C am 1’1 I In tro d u ctio n Politburo’s Resolution 08/NQ-TW; (2) the judicial system in general and criminal justice in particular not function in an independent, scientific, ju st and lawabiding m anner so as to effectively carry out judicial procedure in general and criminal procedure in particular; and (3) there rem ains a shortage of legal documents in general and criminal-lawrelated documents in particular which have ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am greatly indebted to my teachers, colleagues, friends, and family for their support and help in the preparation and completion of this paper.First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof., Dr. Trần Hữu Mạnh for his expert advice, critical and constructive comments, invaluable suggestions and enthusiastic guidance without which the thesis would not have been successfully completed. I also wish to thank all my lecturers at Postgraduate Department, College of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their concern, lessons and support.My special thanks go to my colleagues and friends for their helpful comments and useful materials.I would like to express my gratefulness to my parents, my husband and my son whose encouragement, expectation, and assistance helped me overcome all the difficulties in fulfilling this paper.i LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Names for US-Japan coalition and North Korea in VOATable 2. Names for US-Japan coalition and North Korea in Nhan DanTable 3. Negativization of North Korea’s activities in VOATable 4. Positivization of the US- Japan coalition’s activities in VOATable 5. Lexicalization of North Korea’s activities in Nhan DanTable 6. Lexicalization of the US-Japan coalition’s activities in Nhan DanTable 7. Over-lexicalization of the North Korea’s missile launches in VOATable 8. Over-lexicalization of the North Korea’s missile launches in Nhan DanTable 9. Quotation patterns of news reports in VOATable 10. Quotation patterns of news reports in Nhan Danii TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………iList of Tables …………………………………………………………………………… iiINTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………….11. Rationale ………………………………………………………………………… 12. Scope of the research …………………………………………………………… .23. Aims of the research and research questions …………………………………… .24. Methodology ………………………………………………………………………35. Background information ………………………………………………………… 46. Design of the research …………………………………………………………… 5CHAPTER 1 – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ………………………………… .61.1. The history of Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis …………… 61.2. Theories on Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………81.2.1.What is Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………… 91.2.2.Key notions of CDA …………………………………………………………… 91.2.3.Methodology of CDA ……………………………………………………………111.2.4.Principles of CDA ……………………………………………………………….121.3. Systemic Functional Linguistics and its role in CDA ………………………… .131.4. CDA in relation with Cultural Studies ………………………………………… .13CHAPTER 2 – METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………….152.1. Data …………………………………………………………………………… .152.1.1. Data sources …………………………………………………………………… 152.1.1.1. Voice Of America ……………………………………………………………….152.1.1.2. Nhan Dan ……………………………………………………………………… 16iii 2.1.2. Data selection VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ********************* PHẠM THỊ TUẤN A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TWO SPEECHES ON WOMEN BY HILLARY CLINTON IN 1995 AND 2013 Phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán hai phát biểu phụ nữ Hillary Clinton vào năm 1995 2013 M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi, 2016 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ********************* PHẠM THỊ TUẤN A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TWO SPEECHES ON WOMEN BY HILLARY CLINTON IN 1995 AND 2013 Phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán hai phát biểu phụ nữ Hillary Clinton vào năm 1995 2013 M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Ngô Hữu Hoàng Hanoi, 2016 ` DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “A critical discourse analysis of two speeches on women by Hillary Clinton in 1995 and 2013” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY DISSERTATION THIRD PARTY INTERVENTION IN THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM Major: International Trade Policy and Law Full name: Hoang Hai Van Ha Noi – 2016 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY DISSERTATION Third party intervention in the WTO dispute settlement: International experiences and lessons for Vietnam Major: International Trade Policy and Law Full Name: Hoang Hai Van Supervisor: A Prof Ho Thuy Ngoc Ha Noi - 2016 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Hoang Hai Van declare that the dissertation with the title below and the work presented in it are my own and has been generated by me as the result of my own original research with the supervision of A Prof Ho Thuy Ngoc: Third party intervention in the WTO dispute settlement: International experiences and lessons for Vietnam I confirm that: - This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; - Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated; - Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed; - Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; - I have acknowledged all main sources of help; - Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself; TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION CHAPTER – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of WTO Dispute Settlement mechanism in general and with the participation of third party 2.1.1 WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism in general 2.1.1.1 General Facts 2.1.1.2 The principles of WTO Dispute Settlement 15 2.1.1.3 The process of WTO Dispute Settlement 17 2.1.2 WTO Dispute Mechanism with the participation of third party 24 2.1.2.1 The procedure to become a third party and the rights of third party in DSM 24 2.1.2.2 The participation of developed countries, developing countries and least developing countries as third parties in WTO DSU 25 2.2 The advantages and disadvantages when joining as a third party in WTO Dispute Settlement 32 2.2.1 The Advantages of joining as a third party in WTO Dispute Settlement 32 2.2.2 The Disadvantages of joining as a third party in WTO Dispute Settlement 34 2.3 The influence of the third party invention on WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism 35 2.3.1 Lower the possibility of early settlement and raising the cost of settlement 36 2.3.2 Decrease the discriminatory settlement between complainants and defendants 37 2.3.3 Lower the winner's pay-off and raising the loser's payoff 38 2.4 International Experiences of active countries in joining WTO Dispute Settlement as a third party 40 2.4.1 China experiences 41 2.4.1.1 Economy and international policy characteristics 41 2.4.1.2 China and WTO Dispute Settlement 44 2.4.1.3 The participation of China in WTO as third party 47 2.4.2 Thailand experiences 50 2.4.2.1 Economy and international policy characteristics 50 2.4.2.2 Thailand and WTO Dispute Settlement 53 2.4.2.3 The participation of Thailand in WTO Dispute Settlement as Third Party 56 2.4.3 India experiences 57 2.4.3.1 Economy and international policy characteristics 57 2.4.3.2 India and WTO ... rejuvenation of tectonic and m agm atic activity in the w holc area of Vietnam resulted in n um erous valuable ore and other raw - m aterial deposits Two m etallogenic epochs can be distinguished:... structural and íacial characters The crucial íactor controlling thc m etallogeny of this territory vvas m agm atic/tectonic activization cycle in Mesozoic and Cainozoic Endogenous m ineralization in Vietnam. .. Taking into consideration recent structural data and econom ic im portancc along w ith the geochem ical character of m ineralizations, five large m incralogical units can be distinguished in Vietnam