... between ES cellsand EG cells, the ED of TS cells to ES cells (77) is greater than that of EG cells to ES cells (49), confirming the similarity of EG cells to ES cells DNA methylation profiles that are ... study ofembryonicstemcells TE N Hattori and K Shiota ICM PGC TS cells Placental cells 77 ES cells 49 EG cellsEmbryoniccells Fig Epigenetic distances between ES cellsand other stemcells ... is the establishment ofembryonicstem (ES) cells, which maintain the ability to form all types ofcells in the body, and can differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro [8] The use of...
... triplicate inhibitors These results demonstrated that the reduction of neural formation by the inactivation of MAPK was caused by the blockage of ES differentiation, rather than by the enhancement of ... for the neural induction of ES cells Release of pharmacological inhibition re-initiated the ES differentiation and neurogenesis, indicating that the FGF pathway participates in the initiation of ... mES cellsand participated in the design ofthe study CSL, IMC SZL and HLS participated in the design ofthe study and performed the statistical analysis All authors read and approved the final...
... cell therapy for the heart accounts for one third ofthe publications in the regenerative medicine field29 The rationale for the use ofstemcells to repair cardiac tissues was based on the hypothesis ... with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Pigs prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources and with prior approval by the Animal Experimentation Committee ofthe Faculty of ... understanding ofthe cardioprotective mechanism of MSC-based therapy in AMI It clearly demonstrated that cardiac repair could be achieved without the actual participation ofthecells themselves...
... reprogramming at regulatory elements Pluripotent cells are in a state of permanent anticipation of many alternative developmental fates, and this is reflected in the prevalence ofthe poised promoters and ... those of hESCs and somatic cells [90] That study demonstrated that although the hESC and iPSC DNA methylation landscapes are remarkably similar overall, hundreds of differentially methylated regions ... whether poised enhancers are marked by the same chromatin signature in hESCs, mESCs and differentiated cell types, and evaluate the functional relevance ofthe Polycombmediated H3K27 methylation...
... to develop asthma [28] The risk of atopy and asthma is related to failure ofthe neonate to generate interferon-γ andthe resultant failure to transition from the Th2 to the Th1 immunophenotype ... both the in utero and postnatal state (Table 1) One common hypothesis to support this gene by environment interaction in the neonate has been the role of endotoxin and polymorphisms ofthe CD14 ... expressed in the fetus, has been noted in linkage studies of atopy [18] and asthma [19], and probably explains the familial aggregation pattern of pulmonary function noted within asthmatics [20] Maternal...
... fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection For ESC, the debate was vocal and escalated quickly to the highest levels of government In response to the 2005 Presidential State ofthe Union ... 1981 Landry DW, Zucker HA: Embryonic death andthe creation of human embryonicstemcells J Clin Invest 2004, 114:1184-1186 Voullaire L, Slater H, Williamson R, Wilton L: Chromosome analysis of ... system Stem cell research: social and political factors Public sharing of information about the basic science of ESCs has proven to be important, since those who are aware ofthestem cell debate...
... during the night because ofthe medication, the grandfather failed to scare off water buffalo thieves who made off with the family’s most valuable possession After the grandfather tells the family ... institutions that legitimate these values – the sangha andthe monarchy – are losing their once revered status in the wake of Westernization and globalization The works of Khamsing and Chart give ... village atthe same time a new road is built, opening the small hamlet up to the outside world The mother and father are both overcome by sadness atthe loss of their daughter The father traps...
... (Chuang and McMahon, 1999; Jeong and McMahon, 2005), and is part ofthe negative feedback loop to limit the range of Shh signaling Therefore, these molecules modulate the range and concentration of ... studies have shown that another function of Shh is to promote the proliferation and survival of neuroepithelial cells This was demonstrated when ectopic activation ofthe pathway via the constitutively ... induces the expression ofthe transcription factors OCT4 and NANOG that regulate hESC pluripotency and also the genes ofthe FGF pathway like FGF2 andthe receptors FGFR1, and (Xiao et al., 2006) There...
... indicative ofthe propagation of signals downstream of ALK4/5/7 Hence, the elevated phosphoSMAD2(Ser465/467) level indicates that Lefty2 RNAi triggered the activation of signaling mediated by the ... important for the maintenance ofthe undifferentiated state ofthe ES cells or regulation of Oct4, Sox2 or Nanog, ablating it by RNAi would reduce the luciferase activity Co-transfection ofthe OCT4 ... samples andthe control Withdrawal of LIF was used in this assay to allow Lefty2 shRNA knockdown to differentiate the ES cellsThecells were then dissociated with trypsin and replated at single...
... conclusion, the data presented in this thesis lead to the establishment of Lefty2 as an important regulator ofembryonicstem cell fate Also, this thesis extends the current understanding of ES cell ... beyond the established roles of LIF/STAT3, BMP and WNT pathways and that ofthe core transcriptional regulatory circuitry governed by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG Furthermore, this thesis is the first ... aim of this project hence serves to identify and delineate the roles of additional factors and pathways that are important for the maintenance of ES cell self-renewal To achieve this aim, a candidate...
... human embryonicstemcellsandembryonic carcinoma cellsStemCells 22, 659-668 Matsuda, T., Nakamura, T., Nakao, K., Arai, T., Katsuki, M., Heike, T., and Yokota, T (1999) STAT3 activation is ... implantation depends on maternal expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor Nature 359, 76-79 191 Tabibzadeh, S., and Hemmati-Brivanlou, A (2006) Lefty atthecrossroadsof "stemness" and differentiative ... Transcriptome profiling of human and murine ESCs identifies divergent paths required to maintain thestem cell state StemCells 23, 166-185 Wieduwilt Matthew J., (2003) SMAD3 in embryonic patterning,...
... OCT4 and SOX2 are key regulators of ES cell fate These factors are atthe top ofthe hierarchy ofthe ES cell regulatory network and they keep ES cells undifferentiated by either the activation of ... with the regulation ofthe growth and self renewal of iPS cells rather than the induction of pluripotency per se, as overexpression of Klf4 and c-Myc resulted in formation of tumour cells that ... strongly in the left lateral plate mesoderm The splanchnic layer that forms the future circulatory system and gut wall originates from the lateral plate mesoderm During later development and adulthood,...
... Description of Ct method used for tabulation of qPCR data For all the qPCR data presented in this thesis, the relative transcript levels for the Ct method gene of interest between test sample and control ... target in mouse Es cells LeftyB (human Lefty1) is regulated by Wnt pathway High expression in ES cellsand ICM Differential expression pattern between ES cellsand differentiated cells Co-expressed ... expression pattern between ES cellsand differentiated cells Reduced expression during retinoic acid induced differentiation of F9 cells High expression in ES cells Link to canonical Wnt pathway •...
... from the other tissues/cell lines regardless ofthe differentiation stages, Page 38 which indicated the uniqueness ofthe human ES cells from the rest ofthe cells, cancerous or normal and that ... AGGAGCTCGCAGGATGGATA CAGAATCATCCACTGACATCAAA GT TTCCTTTGCATTCATCTCTCAA GCCCGAATTCCTTGGTGACT TCACTGCATCCCAATCCATCT ATCAGCTCCACCACCACCTT GTTTCTCTCTGTTTCTGCCATCTG CGTCGATCTCCTTGTGTTCAAG CAGAGAGCACGCGGATGTC ... integration site family Page X Chapter Introduction 1.1 Human embryonicstemcells 1.1.1 Overview and characteristics of human embryonicstemcellsEmbryonicstem (ES) cells are isolated from the...
... Differentiation ofEmbryonicStemCells 13 Gene Targeting Strategies for the Isolation of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Precursors from Differentiated ES Cells 14 Establishment of Multipotent Hematopoietic ... YAMAZAKI, AND SHIN-ICHI HAYASHI 98 v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Development of Hematopoietic Repopulating Cells from EmbryonicStemCellsThe In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse EmbryonicStemCells into ... Differentiation of Mouse EmbryonicStemCells Early Commitment Steps and Generation of Chimeric Mice Lineage Specific Differentiation of Mouse ES Cells: Formation and Differentiation of Early Primitive...
... trails that employ adult stemcells (such as blood-forming hematopoietic stemcellsand cartilage-forming cells) A potential advantage of using adult stemcells is that the patient's own cells could ... all the somatic cell genes and activating theembryonic ones The reconstructed embryos are induced embryonic developments and ES cells would be isolated from the ICMs ofthe cloned preimplantation ... performed and demonstrated that the cell line originated from the cloned blastocysts reconstructed from the donor cells, not from parthenogenetic activation The statistical probability that the cells...
... which made them distinct from the undifferentiated cells Inverted microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of a number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of differentiated HPB-AML-I cells (Figure ... karyotype ofthe original leukemic cells Therefore, the complex karyotype in HPB-AML-I may not correspond to the cytogenetic status ofthe primary cells It is possible that the complex karyotype of ... flattened or spindle-like morphology and that the capability of differentiating toward adipocytes ofthe spindle-like MSCs was superior than that ofthe flattened cells Since such heterogeneous morphology...
... amplification ofthe without hematopoeticqualitative marker (c) DAG Results from(b) with BMP-2, or CD34 in ESC cells treated (a) Results from qualitative PCR showing amplification ofthe hematopoetic ... perform and evaluate the histological investigations, RD, CN, MO, NK and UM participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript All authors read and approved the final ... of mineral deposition in unstimulated control cells or cells stimulated with LIF In order to assess the differentiation of ESCs cultured under different conditions, we used the hematopoetic stem...
... activation of MSC: specifically, an increase in the mobility of these stemcellsand in their adhesion to endothelial cells Moreover, it was also found that the serum of apneic rats improved endothelial ... 7.6.1.0 software) The number ofcells that migrated to the lower side ofthe membrane was counted by means of light microscopy, operated by an investigator who was blind to the types of sera present ... OSA modulates basic mechanisms in the response to inflammation and endothelial damage: MSC migration and adhesion to endothelial cellsand endothelial wound healing Methods Application of recurrent...