M4e-Nafosted-SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE AND INFRASTRUCTURE tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớ...
Pensions Economic Watch Lima, 20 May 2011 Econimic Analysis Rosario Sánchez rdpsanchez@grupobbva.com.pe Pension funds and infrastructure in Peru • Peru still has a high infrastructure deicit, which can be inanced using pension fund resources. • The slow process of awarding concessions leads to a lack of projects to inance, and thus to an accumulation of committed resources that are still awaiting investment. • Signiicant eorts have been made in recent years to channel investments into the infrastructure sector through a series of measures that range from the creation of inancial instruments (an infrastructure trust and infrastructure fund) to regulatory changes. • There is still much room for improvement in regulatory matters. These changes could range from alterations in the concession process to more speciic regulations covering limits to investment in pension funds. Chart 1 Participations in investment by pension funds (%) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Dec-2007 Dec-2009 Feb-2011 Foreign Investment Non-Financial Companies Government Infrastructure Other* * These include inancial companies, fund administrators and securitization companies Source: SBS and BBVA Research Pension Economic Watch Lima, 20 May 2011 REFER TO IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES ON PAGE 6 OF THIS REPORT Page 2 Infrastructure inancing through pension funds is still insuicient Although Peru has improved 18 positions on the infrastructure quality ranking of the Global Competitiveness Index prepared by the World Economic Forum (from 110th to 92nd in 2009- 2011 1 , infrastructure development in the country remains among the poorest in the world, with an investment gap of an estimated USD 37,760m in 20082018, particularly in the transportation and electricity sectors 2 . This situation could limit economic growth, generate problems of competitiveness and restrict improvements in social welfare. The resources gathered by pension funds are thus an attractive alternative for inancing infrastructure investment projects, from the public-sector point of view, that of fund members and the country in general. The advantages of this participation are as follows: (1) It would free the government budget and redirect it to other urgent items; (2) It would improve the funds’ investment proile; and (3) It would boost the quality and quantity of the infrastructure needed to sustain Peru’s growth. According to data from the Superintendency for Banking, Insurance and AFPs (SBS), at the close of February 3 investment by pension funds in infrastructure accounted for 11.1% of their total portfolio assets, i.e. around USD 3,416m. The investment was focused mainly on energy (60%), and to a lesser extent on transportation (21%) and telecommunications (18%). Table 1 Companies and infrastructure investment projects in which the AFPs have invested, as of February 2011. Sector Companies investment projects and investment fund Telecommunications Mobile Telefónica, Mobile América and Telefónica of Perú Electricity Distribution Luz del Sur, Edelnor and Larraín Vial Investment Fund Electricity Generation Cahua, Duke Egenor, Edegel, Enersur, Electroandes Larraín Vial Investment Fund, Kallpa, Southern Cone y AC Capitales Investment Fund, Inkia Energy Electricity Transmission Consorcio Transmantario, Larraín Vial Investment Fund Red de Energía del Perú, Aguaytía and AC Capitales Investment Fund Hydroenergy Projects Consorcio Trasvase Olmos y Fondo de Inversión de Larraín Vial Hydrocabrons Relapasa, Gas Transportation of Perú, Annex 3e SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BASIC RESEARCH PROJECT A Project information Project name in Vietnamese Project name in English B General research hosting institution information: Research hosting Institution: Year of establishment: Address: Institution treasury account: Open at: Office Tel Fax No E-mail Head of Institution’s Name: Total Institution’s staffs hold University and postgraduated degrees: N0 Tittle 2.1 Associate Professors and/or PhD 2.2 Masters 2.3 Bachelors/Engineers Total numbers Institution’s research infrastructure List the needed research facilities, equipments or instruments that are available or can be accessed for the implementation of the proposed research The possibility to get funds from other fund agencies (if yes, provide related evidences) - Government fund( mil.đ): - Others:: B Confirms The main applicant confirms hereby the veracity of all the details and information given in this application document including the attachments (Place), Date Research hosting institution Annex 3.1e SCIENTIFIC CURRICULUM VITAE Personal details Full name Birth date Academic status Sex: M F Year of bestowal Position/ title Institution & address Department/ division/ faculty Office tel Mobile phone No Fax E-mail Qualifications: Educations Academic institutions Major/ Specialty Year of graduation University Master PhD Training Professional experience: Years Institution Professional address Position Language (rating: A- Poor/ deficient; B- Fair; C- Sufficient; D- Fluent) Language Reading Writing Speaking English Others Expertise and research interests 5.1 Last five year’s research interests: 5.2 Research funding received: List all the research grants/ projects received/ participated during the last years No Project name Funding institution & funded amount Project duration Position/ role in the project 5.3 Publications and accomplishments (List all the published scientific papers, monographs, awards for the last 10 years following: Authors, tittle of publication, publishers, ISSN, vol, page, published year) 5.3.1 Publications in international publishers: - In scientific journals - Monographs 5.3.2 Publications in national publishers: - In scientific journals - Monographs 5.4 Previous results have been applied and related to this project (if any) N0 Results/Tittle Type, scale and address of application Applied duration … 5.5 Scientific awards related to this project (if any) N0 Type of award certification Bestowal year … Applicant’s Institution (Place), Date Applicant Creating a National Infrastructure Bank and Infrastructure Planning Council How Better Planning and Financing Options Can Fix Our Infrastructure and Improve Economic Competitiveness Keith Miller, Kristina Costa, and Donna Cooper September 2012 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG THE ASSOCIATED PRESS/ROBERT F. BUKATY Creating a National Infrastructure Bank and Infrastructure Planning Council How Better Planning and Financing Options Can Fix Our Infrastructure and Improve Economic Competitiveness Keith Miller, Kristina Costa, and Donna Cooper September 2012 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 The need for an infrastructure bank and planning council 10 How would an infrastructure bank and planning council help? 15 What might a national infrastructure bank look like? 19 Getting started 23 Conclusion 25 About the authors and acknowledgements 26 Endnotes 1 Center for American Progress | Creating a National Infrastructure Bank and Infrastructure Planning Council Introduction and summary Infrastructure forms the foundation of the U.S. economy. Without highways, power grids, railroads, dams, levees, and water systems, businesses could not transport their goods, homes would be without electricity or drinkable water, par- ents could not get their kids to school, and the United States would cease to be a world leader in productivity and innovation. But despite our infrastructure’s clear indispensability, decades of negligence and underinvestment have allowed much of it to fall into a shameful state of disrepair. Ineciencies in our infrastructure aect all aspects of American life. Commuters on our highways now lose more than $100 billion every year in time spent and fuel burned due to ever-increasing congestion on their way to and from work. 1 U.S. ports are struggling to handle increased ship sizes and cargo volumes. Lock systems on inland waterways are crumbling, causing tens of thousands of hours of delays every year. And leaking pipes lose an estimated 7 billion gallons of clean drinking water every day. 2 Together, these failures jeopardize public health, contribute to environmental degradation, and make American businesses less competitive, forcing them to pass additional costs on to consumers. At the same time, our closest competitors have dramatically stepped up their investment in infrastructure and adopted ambitious plans for additional devel- opment. e United States fell to 24th place in overall infrastructure, down from ninth in 2008, according to a 2011 annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum. 3 What’s worse, under current levels of investment, this rank- ing will likely only continue to fall. A recent Center for American Progress report on America’s infrastructure funding gap estimated that the federal government is underinvesting in infrastructure by approximately $48 billion per year, assuming a goal of adequately maintaining existing infrastructure and preparing for projected economic and population growth. 4 But our situation is not hopeless. By coupling increased investment with a number of commonsense reforms, the United States could make great progress toward 2 Center for American Progress | Creating a National Infrastructure Bank and Infrastructure Planning Council bringing its infrastructure up to modern standards. e establishment of both a national infrastructure bank and a national infrastructure What Animals Want: Expertise and advocacy in laboratory animal welfare policy LARRY CARBONE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS W hat Animals Want This page intentionally left blank a LARRY CARBONE What Animals Want Expertise and advocacy in laboratory animal welfare policy 1 2004 3 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright © 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carbone, Larry. What animals want : expertise and advocacy in laboratory animal welfare policy / Larry Carbone. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-516196-3 1. Animal experimentation. 2. Laboratory animals. 3. Animal welfare. I. Title. HV4915.C37 2004 1794 —dc22 2003058032 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper F or David This page intentionally left blank Ac knowledgments ; medicine was inevitable. But neither my love for animals nor my veterinary train- ing prepared me for the conflicting feelings that life in an animal laboratory would bring; those conflicts led me to write this book. A first book is a time to thank everyone who has brought the author to the point of publication. Older first-time authors and those who have needed the most help are challenged to highlight a few dozen from the cast of thousands. My parents encouraged my animal mania, despite the parade of strange ani- mals that it brought into their house. Mentors and coworkers over the years helped me develop my knowledge and skills. Five stand out for pushing me to put that fascination with animals into a moral context of human responsibility. For this, I thank Fred Quimby, Richard Farinato, Katherine O’Rourke, Jerry Shing, and, especially, Barbara Lok. They lectured me more than I was comfortable with when I slacked, but mostly, they stand out more for the roles they modeled than for the words they spoke. Two people’s illness and death brought pain and sadness to my years of writ- ing. My father, John Carbone, died of Alzheimer’s disease at the start of this proj- ect, while my friend Joe DelPonte passed away midway through. They gave me love through the years, while their illnesses taught me that, no, I cannot call for an abolition to animal research, no matter my oath as a veterinarian to relieve animal suffering. Several people read drafts of various chapters or provided historical and pho- tographic resources, trusting me to do right by what they offered. For their assis- tance, some of it stretching out a decade or more, I thank Douglas Allchin, Tim Allen, Donna Artuso, Marc Bekoff, Gary Block, Nathan Brewer, Clive Coward, Mary Dallman, Jerry Depoyster, Katie Eckert, John Gluck, Steve Hilgartner, Katherine Houpt, Sheila Jasanoff, Mike Kreger, Hugh LaFollette, Hal Herzog, Christina Johnson, Susi D. Jones, Erin Kalagassy, Ron Kline, Monica Lawlor, Cathy Liss, EDI T O R I A L Open Access Create a translational medicine knowledge repository - Research downsizing, mergers and increased outsourcing have reduced the depth of in-house translational medicine expertise and institutional memory at many pharmaceutical and biotech companies: how will they avoid relearning old lessons? Bruce H Littman 1* and Francesco M Marincola 2 Abstract Pharmaceutical industry consolidation and overall research downsizing threatens the ability of companies to benefit from their previous investments in translational research as key leaders with the most knowledge of the successful use of biomarkers and translational pharmacology models are laid off or accept their severance packages. Two recently published books may help to preserve this type of knowledge but much of this type of information is not in the public domain. Here we propose the creation of a translational medicine knowledge repository where companies can submit their translational research data and access similar data from other companies in a precompetitive environment. This searchable repository would become an invaluable resource for translational scientists and drug developers that could speed and reduce the cost of new drug development. There is a well known problem in big pharma, low productivity despite high costs. It has become clear that the pharmaceutical industry’s business model is broken [1]. Research-based large pharmaceutical companies have failed to fil l their pipelines with enough successful new drugs to maintain growth and replace revenues from older products going off patent. Instead their pipe- lines have been filled with drug projects that largely have failed to make it to m arket [2]. Many reasons for this have been postulated but here we focus on the responses of companies to this issue and the repercus- sions of those actions for translational research in the industry. Companies have consolidated through mergers and acquisitions resulting in lay-offs for thousands of researchers and the closing of hundreds of laboratories to avoid perceived redundancies, focus on what is con- sidered to be more productive or lucrative therapeutic areas and save costs [3]. Just consider the closing of Pfi- zer’ s Ann Arbor and St. Louis research sites, the recently announced moving of drug discovery operations from their largest site in Groton, CT and the announced closure of their Sandwich Laboratories in the U.K. These four sites were involved in the demise of many drug projects due to very high rates of attrition but they were also involved in the discovery and de velopment of many great drugs over the last 25 years. Successful branded drugs discovered and/or developed at these sites (in alphabetical order) include Aricept, Cardura, Celebrex, Chantix, Diflucan, Feldene, Geodon, Glucotrol, Lipitor, Lyrica, Neurontin, Norvasc, Procardia, Selzentry, Tarceva (achieved proof of concept at Groton Labs before its required divestiture), Viagra, Zithromax, Zoloft * Correspondence: bruce.littman@transmedassociates.com 1 Translational Medicine Associates, L.L.C., Stonington, CT 06378, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Littman and Marincola Journal of Translational 5 Mass Inertia Effect based Vibration Control Systems for Civil Engineering Structure and Infrastructure Chunwei Zhang and Jinping Ou Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R.China 1. Introduction In 1972, J.T.P. Yao introduced the modern control theory into vibration control of civil structures (Yao, 1972), which started the new era of research on structural active control in civil engineering field. During the development of nearly 40 years, Active Mass Driver/Damper (AMD) control, with the better control effect and cheaper control cost, has taken the lead in various active control occasions, becoming the most extensively used and researched control systems in lots of practical applications (Soong, 1990; Housner etal., 1997; Spencer etal., 1997; Ou, 2003). Several important journals in civil engineering field, such as ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics (issue 4th, in 2004), ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering (issue 7th, in 2003), Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (issue 11th, in 2001 and issue 11th, in 1998), reviewed the-state-of-the-art in research and engineering applications of semi-active control and active control, especially AMD control. In addition, Spencer and Nagarajaiah (2003) systematically overviewed the applications of active control in civil engineering. Up to date, more than 50 high-rising buildings, television towers and about 15 large-scale bridge towers have been equipped with AMD control systems for reducing wind-induced vibration or earthquake-induced vibration of the structures. Besides, there are quite a number of successful applications with passive Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) control system, from wind induced vibration control of long-span bridge towers and building structures, to chimneys and mast structures; from the first applications of the collapsed World Trade Center towers and coetaneous John Hancock building etc., which were built in 1960s, to recently built highest structures in the world, e.g. Twin towers in Kulua- Lumpur in Malaysia, 101 skyscraper in Taipei city and Guangzhou New TV tower in China etc. It can be seen from these applications, the implementation of incorporating Mass Driver/Damper based vibration control systems for protection of Civil Engineering structures and infrastructures against wind and earthquake excitations, have already been widely accepted by the field researchers as well as engineer societies. 2. EMD control systems Zhang (2005) made a systematically comparison for different control schemes under the background of the Benchmark control problem, and disclosed that the AMD control was the Source: Vibration Control, Book edited by: Dr. Mickaël Lallart, ISBN 978-953-307-117-6, pp. 380, September 2010, Sciyo, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM www.intechopen.com Vibration Control 106 best control scheme due to these merits, such as the best ratio of control effect over control effort, simple and easy to be implemented etc. Moreover, through analysis of typical important large-scale structures subjected to different excitations, the effectiveness and feasibility of employing AMD control for civil structures has been successfully proven (Ou, 2003; Zhang, 2005), where wind and earthquake induced vibration control of high-rising buildings and bridge towers, ice induced vibration control of offshore platforms, wind- wave-current coupling excited control of deep sea platforms are all studied. Usually, an AMD control system is composed of a mass piece, an actuator, stiffness component (coil spring is commonly used), a damper, a stroke limiting device, a brake protector, sensors, a data acquisition and processing system, computerized real-time control software and hardware system (Dyke etal., 1994, 1996; Quast etal., 1995; Spencer etal., 1997). In addition, a power supplying system is needed for operating all the electrical devices mentioned above. In ... deficient; B- Fair; C- Sufficient; D- Fluent) Language Reading Writing Speaking English Others Expertise and research interests 5.1 Last five year’s research interests: 5.2 Research funding received:... scientific journals - Monographs 5.4 Previous results have been applied and related to this project (if any) N0 Results/Tittle Type, scale and address of application Applied duration … 5.5 Scientific awards... Funding institution & funded amount Project duration Position/ role in the project 5.3 Publications and accomplishments (List all the published scientific papers, monographs, awards for the last 10