Decision No. 1670 QD-TTg approving the planning for the network of research institutes, centers and biotechnology laboratories

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY -------  ------- PHAN HUONG GIANG A STUDY OF DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH LISTENING SKILL FOR BEGINNERS IN THE ASEMLINK OF INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES CENTER AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS (NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ NHỮNG KHÓ KHĂN TRONG VIỆC HỌC KỸ NĂNG NGHE TIẾNG ANH ĐỐI VỚI NHỮNG NGƯỜI MỚI BẮT ĐẦU TẠI TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ QUỐC TẾ ASEMLINK VÀ MỘT VÀI GIẢI PHÁP GỢI Ý) MASTER THESIS IN EDUCATION VINH, 2011 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY -------  ------- PHAN HUONG GIANG A STUDY OF DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH LISTENING SKILL FOR BEGINNERS IN THE ASEMLINK OF INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES CENTER And SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS (NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ NHỮNG KHÓ KHĂN TRONG VIỆC HỌC KỸ NĂNG NGHE TIẾNG ANH ĐỐI VỚI NHỮNG NGƯỜI MỚI BẮT ĐẦU TẠI TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ QUỐC TẾ ASEMLINK VÀ MỘT VÀI GIẢI PHÁP GỢI Ý) Field: Theory and methodology of english language teaching Code: 60.14.10 MASTER THESIS IN EDUCATION Supervisor: Dr. NGO HUU HOANG VINH, 2011 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Honestly, the thesis has been resulted from my own interest as well as my difficulties in teaching English to beginners in the Asemlink center. I did observation in English listening class for beginners. I directly distributed the questionnaires to the right beginner learners who are at the age of adults. Also I interviewed five of my colleagues who have been teaching beginner level classes. Therefore, all the statistic given must be realiable. Moreover, all the refferent information was quoted or summaried with the clear original sources which have been shown in the references part. I truthfully assure that the thesis has been completed by myself. ABSTRACT Listening skill is one of the most necessary skills to communicate in the real life. In learning a foreign language, it is more and more important to learn this skill. Everybody knows that in order to listen to a message is not as simple as hearing it, so the listener has to understand the message and responde in the right manner. Realizing the problems from teaching experiences, the author would like to do a research titled A Study of Difficulties in Learning English Listening Skill for beginners in the Asemlink of International Languages Center and Some Suggested Solutions. The thesis will study the subjective and objective difficulties of the beginning learners in learning the listening skill. Then, it would like to find out the reasons for those problems and the sollutions for both teachers and learners in teaching and learning the listening skill. Therefore, the author applied the qualitative and quantitative methods and descriptive methods to do the research. So the collecting data instruments like questionnaires, interviews and observation were used to do the study. The results of the research will point out the difficulties that beginners meet when they learn the Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn THE PRIME MINISTER Decision No 1670/QD-TTg dated September 28, 2015 of the Prime Minister approving the planning for the network of research institutes, centers and biotechnology laboratories to the year 2025 Pursuant to the Law on Government organization dated December 25, 2001; Pursuant to the Law on Science and Technology dated June 18, 2013; Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No 08/2014/ND-CP dated January 27, 2014 providing instructions on the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Science and Technology; Pursuant to the Prime Minister’s Decision No 14/2008/QD-TTg dated January 22, 2008 granting approval for “Master plan for development and application of biotechnology in Vietnam to the year 2020”; Pursuant to the Prime Minister’s Decision No 418/QD-TTg dated April 11, 2012 granting approval for the Strategy for scientific and technological development in 2011- 2020 period; At the request of the Minister of Science and Technology, DECIDES Article To approve "the Planning for network of research institutes, centers and biotechnology laboratories to the year 2025" as follows: I OBJECTIVES General objectives Establish a network of research institutes, centers and biotechnology laboratories to create mutually supportive interconnections aimed at enhancing capacity and efficiency in research, application and development of biotechnology for national socio-economic development in the short and long terms Particular objectives: a) To the year 2020 - Invest and develop three national-level biotechnology centers in Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam on the basis of Institute of Biotechnology affiliated to Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn Biotechnology affiliated to Hue University and Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City; - Carry out establishment and uniform development of ten key laboratories of the country including two genetic engineering laboratories, two plant cell laboratories, one animal cell laboratory, two enzyme and protein technology laboratories, one microbiology laboratory, one stem cell technology laboratory and one military pharmacy and biomedical laboratory; - Reinforce material and technical bases for at least 20 biotechnology laboratories of institutes and colleges affiliated to ministries, sectors and localities; - Construct 100% of laboratories that attain standard ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 in analysis, examination and verification; b) To the year 2025 - Develop three national biotechnology centers on a par with ASEAN countries one of which attains global level; - Continue to reinforce, develop and strengthen intensive investment in key laboratories of the country, research institutes, centers and laboratories from central to local government to perform assigned duties; at least 15 laboratories attain level of ASEAN countries and the world; - Construct 100% of laboratories qualified for conducting research into generically modified organisms; II PLANNING ORIENTATION National level a) Construct and develop three national biotechnology centers in Northern Central and Southern Vietnam that have uniform and state-of-the-art material and technical bases of international standards with a team of staff capable of dealing with duties under national strategies from fundamental research to technological research aimed to create high-quality products for pilot production and industrial production; Depending on scale, organizational structure and development stage, each center shall have an average from 200 – 500 science and technology staff; - 2016 - 2020: Invest in upgrading Institute of Biotechnology affiliated to Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology into the National Center for Biotechnology in Northern Vietnam; make additional investments in developing the Ho Chi Minh City Center for Biotechnology into the National Center for Biotechnology in Southern Vietnam; make initial investments in the LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn development of infrastructure of the National Center for Biotechnology in Central Vietnam - 2021 – 2025: Develop projects on expansion of National Center for Biotechnology in Northern Vietnam and invest in upgrading National Center for Biotechnology in Central Vietnam; b) Continue to develop the network, carry out intensive investment and strengthen capability of scientific research and technological development for ten key biotechnology laboratories at national level to have adequate state-ofthe-art technical and material bases for fundamental research, fundamental research orientated for application, development and transfer of technology; Each key laboratory at national level has from 40 – 50 staff who have professional expertise in biotechnology; - 2016 – 2020: Invest in upgrading eight key biotechnology laboratories currently in operation (including ...ISSN 1607148-4 9 771607 148006 OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES NO 64 / JULY 2007 THE USE OF PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK MODELS IN CENTRAL BANKS Task Force of the Market Operations Committee of the European System of Central Banks OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES NO 64 / JULY 2007 This paper can be downloaded without charge from http://www.ecb.int or from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=977355. THE USE OF PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK MODELS IN CENTRAL BANKS Task Force of the Market Operations Committee of the European System of Central Banks In 2007 all ECB publications feature a motif taken from the €20 banknote. © European Central Bank, 2007 Address Kaiserstrasse 29 60311 Frankfurt am Main Germany Postal address Postfach 16 03 19 60066 Frankfurt am Main Germany Telephone +49 69 1344 0 Website http://www.ecb.int Fax +49 69 1344 6000 Telex 411 144 ecb d All rights reserved. Any reproduction, publication or reprint in the form of a different publication, whether printed or produced electronically, in whole or in part, is permitted only with the explicit written authorisation of the ECB or the author(s). The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank. ISSN 1607-1484 (print) ISSN 1725-6534 (online) 3 ECB Occasional Paper No 64 July 2007 CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 CREDIT RISK IN CENTRAL BANK PORTFOLIOS 6 3 CREDIT RISK MODELS 9 3.1 Overview of credit risk modelling issues 9 3.2 Models and parameter assumptions used by task force members 10 3.2.1 Probabilities of default/ migration 13 3.2.2 Correlation 16 3.2.3 Recovery rates 18 3.2.4 Yields/spreads 18 3.3 Output 20 4 SIMULATION EXERCISE 22 4.1 Introduction 22 4.2 Simulation results for Portfolio I using the common set of parameters 23 4.3 Simulation results for Portfolio II using the common set of parameters 27 4.4 Sensitivity analysis using individual sets of parameters 30 5 CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED 33 REFERENCES 36 EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES 39 4 ECB Occasional Paper No 64 July 2007 TASK FORCE OF THE MARKET OPERATIONS COMMITTEE OF THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CENTRAL BANKS This report was drafted by an ad hoc Task Force of the Market Operations Committee of the European System of Central Banks. The Task Force was chaired by Ulrich Bindseil. The coordination and editing of the report was carried out by the Secretary of the Task Force, Han van der Hoorn. The full list of members of the Task Force is as follows: Ulrich Bindseil European Central Bank Han van der Hoorn Ken Nyholm Henrik Schwartzlose Pierre Ledoyen Nationale Bank van België/Banque Nationale de Belgique Wolfgang Föttinger Deutsche Bundesbank Fernando Monar Banco de España Bérénice Boux Banque de France Gigliola Chiappa Banca d’Italia Noëlle Honings De Nederlandsche Bank Ricardo Amado Banco de Portugal Kai Sotamaa Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank Dan Rosen University of Toronto (external consultant) 5 ECB Occasional Paper No 64 July 2007 1 INTRODUCTION In early 2006 nine Eurosystem central banks – the national central banks (NCBs) of Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Finland, as well as the European Central Bank (ECB) – established a task force to analyse and 63 ECB Monthly Bulletin October 2011 1 INTRODUCTION The role of monetary analysis in the ECB’s monetary policy strategy is founded on the robust positive relationship between longer-term movements in broad money growth and ination, whereby money growth leads inationary developments. This relationship is found to hold true across countries and monetary policy regimes. 1 Accordingly, when trying to identify the contributions to monetary growth that are associated with risks to price stability, it is necessary to look for changes of a persistent nature or that are driven by factors beyond the normal needs of the economic cycle. In this respect, the supply of money and credit may be affected by persistent advances in banks’ intermediation capacity, thus contributing to longer-term price developments in asset and goods markets, and in the short-term by market perception of the nancial soundness of banks. Thus, from a monetary analysis perspective, understanding developments in banks’ behaviour is an important element in deriving the signals for risks to price stability. Section 2 of the article develops a framework for understanding why advancements in the bank intermediation process may have led to persistent developments in money and credit growth, ultimately affecting macroeconomic developments relevant for monetary policy. Section 3 discusses selected examples, which illustrate how banking operations in the euro area have undergone signicant changes in the past decade. On the liability side of the balance sheet, the internationalisation of interbank funding is a signicant development while, on the asset side, the growing use of loan sales and securitisation activity stands out. Section 4 concludes. 2 WHAT ROLE FOR BANK BEHAVIOUR IN MONETARY ANALYSIS? Bank behaviour is one important determinant of money and credit developments, both of a cyclical and of a more persistent nature. Neglecting this role is akin to assigning nancial intermediaries only a passive role in the economy. In recent years, against the background of the nancial crisis, it has become increasingly evident that such a passive view of banks is unwarranted. 2.1 MONEY DEMAND VERSUS MONEY SUPPLY The volume of broad money in the economy is the result of the interaction of the banking sector (including the central bank) with the money- holding sector, consisting of households, non- nancial corporations, the general government other than central government, as well as non-monetary nancial intermediaries. Broad money comprises currency in circulation and See Papademos, L. and Stark, J. (eds.), 1 Enhancing Monetary Analysis, ECB Frankfurt am Main, 2010, Chapter 1 and the references cited therein. The ECB’s monetary policy strategy assigns a prominent role to monetary analysis as one element of the two-pillar framework for the assessment of risks to price stability in the euro area. Monetary analysis ensures that the important information stemming from money and credit is considered in the monetary policy decision-making process and provides a cross-check from a medium to long-term perspective of the assessment of risks to price stability based on the economic analysis. Through an analysis of EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 25.10.2012 COM(2012) 631 final/2 2012/0298 (APP) Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION authorising enhanced cooperation in the area of financial transaction tax EN 2 EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. INTRODUCTION On 28 September 2011, the Commission adopted a proposal 1 for a Council Directive on a common system of financial transaction tax (FTT) and amending Directive 2008/7/EC 2 . The legal basis for the proposed Council Directive was Article 113 TFEU, as the Commission proposed provisions for the harmonisation of legislation concerning the taxation of financial transactions to the extent necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market for transactions in financial instruments and to avoid distortion of competition. This legal basis prescribes Council unanimity in accordance with a special legislative procedure, after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. The proposal aimed at – harmonising legislation concerning indirect taxation on financial transactions, which is needed to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market for transactions in financial instruments and to avoid distortion of competition between financial instruments, actors and market places across the European Union, and at the same time – ensuring that financial institutions make a fair and substantial contribution to covering the costs of the recent crisis and creating a level playing field with other sectors from a taxation point of view 3 , and – creating appropriate disincentives for transactions that do not enhance the efficiency of financial markets thereby complementing regulatory measures to avoid future crises. While already before the onset of the financial and economic crisis some Member States had taxes only on some financial transactions in place, several others have decided or made known their intention to either introduce such a tax, broaden the scope of their existing FTT and/or increase the tax rates so as to ensure that financial institutions make a fair and substantial contribution to covering the costs of the recent crisis, and for consolidating public budgets. In this context the efficient functioning of the internal market (for financial services in essence) required action intended to avoid distortion of competition across borders, and among products and actors. Such positive effects, as well as considerations of tax neutrality required harmonisation with a broad scope, notably to also cover very mobile products such as derivatives, mobile actors and market places. 1 COM(2011) 594. 2 Council Directive 2008/7/EC of 12 February 2008 concerning indirect taxes on the raising of capital. 3 Financial institutions, either directly or indirectly, largely benefited from the rescue and guarantee operations (pre-)financed by the European taxpayer in the course of 2008 to 2012. These operations, together with the faltering of economic activity caused by the spread of uncertainty about the stability of the overall economic and financial system have triggered deterioration in the public finance balances across Europe. Also, most GOVERNMENT SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness No 175/2016/ND-CP Hanoi, December 30, 2016 DECREE ON AMENDMENTS TO CERTAIN ARTICLES OF THE DECREE No 86/2013/ND-CP DATED 29 JULY 2013 BY THE GOVERNMENT ON THE BUSINESS OF PRIZE-REWARDING ELECTRONIC GAMES FOR FOREIGNERS Pursuant to the Law of Government Organization dated June 19, 2015; Pursuant to the Enterprise Law dated November 26, 2014; Pursuant to the Law of Investment dated November 26, 2014; At the request of the Minister of Finance; The government promulgates the Decree on amendments to certain articles of the Government's Decree No 86/2013/ND-CP dated July 29, 2017 on the business of prize-rewarding electronic games for foreigners Article Amendments to certain articles of the Government's Decree No 86/2013/ND-CP dated July 29, 2017 on the business of prize-rewarding electronic games for foreigners Section and Section of Article as follows: “1 Operation of a prize-rewarding electronic game business without a certificate of business eligibility, except the companies defined in Article 51 of this Decree Operation of a prize-rewarding electronic game business in violation of the content of the business license issued by the competent state management agency pursuant to the laws.” Section of Article is amended as follows: "1 A company operating the prize-rewarding electronic game business (hereinafter referred to as the company) can operate prize-rewarding electronic games at solely one business location licensed by the competent state management agency pursuant to the laws." Section of Article 13 is amended as follows: “2 Gaming devices a) Prize-rewarding electronic gaming machines used at the business location shall be entirely new, adhere to the technical specification announced by their manufacturers and certified by independent certifying organization(s) operating in member state(s) of the G7; b) The programmed minimum flat rate of payout of a slot machine is 90% (inclusive of the accumulated prize) The payout rate, when changed by the company, shall not be lower than the minimum payout rate regulated; hence, the company shall have the machines re-certified prior to their resumption and specify the payout rate in the gaming rules.” Section and Section of Article 14 are amended as follows: “1 The companies possessing the certificate of business eligibility and those defined in Article 51 of this Decree are permitted to purchase tokens and prize-rewarding electronic gaming machines The purchase and importation of tokens and prize-rewarding electronic gaming machines pursuant to the legislation on import and export, relevant laws, this Decree and the guidelines of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism … The company has the right to maintain and repair the prize-rewarding ... partial and entire summing-ups of the implementation of the Planning and make the report to the Prime Minister; The Ministry of Planning and Investment a) Preside over and cooperate with the Ministry... network of research institutes, centers and biotechnology laboratories (including public and non-public) within state management of ministries, sectors on the basis of planning for public science and. .. Chi Minh City in the establishment of the project on the construction of the National Center for Biotechnology in Southern Vietnam and make the submission to the Prime Minister for approval in