Discovering computers fundamentals your interactive guide to the digital world 8th edition shelly test bank

Chapter 2: The Internet and World Wide Web MULTIPLE CHOICE The is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals a Internet c Web b microblog d NSFNet ANS: A PTS: REF: 56 A(n) address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet a TCP c NSF b IP d DNS ANS: B PTS: REF: 60 The , a widely used service on the Internet, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents a ARPA c Web b NSFNet d VoIP ANS: C PTS: REF: 61 Each document on the Web, called a Web , can contain text, graphics, audio, and video a host c reader b net d page ANS: D PTS: REF: 61 The purpose of a(n) Web site, as shown in the accompanying figure, is to promote or sell a product or service a entertainment c advocacy b business/marketing d informational ANS: B PTS: REF: 68 A(n) Web site, as shown in the accompanying figure, uses a diary or journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors a news c advocacy b blog d business/marketing ANS: B PTS: REF: 68 Most , as shown in the accompanying figure, are open to modification by the general public a blogs c portals b content aggregators d wikis ANS: D PTS: REF: 68 Many Web page addresses begin with , which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet a htm:// c html:// b http:// d Either A or C ANS: B PTS: REF: 63 A Web page may contain a(n) , which is a built-in connection to another Web page or part of a Web page a portal c link b directory d index ANS: C PTS: REF: 64 10 On the Web, a subject classifies Web pages into an organized set of categories and related subcategories a glossary c directory b dictionary d roster ANS: C PTS: REF: 65 11 A is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location a portal c wiki b blog d plug-in ANS: A PTS: REF: 67 12 A is a collaborative Web site that allows users to add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser a portal c blog b wiki d content aggregator ANS: B PTS: REF: 68 13 A content is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee a collector c aggregator b navigator d browser ANS: C PTS: REF: 70 14 The term refers to any application that combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality a portal c multimedia b Web app d Java applet ANS: C PTS: REF: 70 15 As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) is a digital representation of nontext information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph a applet c keyframe b pic d graphic ANS: D PTS: REF: 70 16 If any of the images in the accompanying figure could be clicked to display a larger version of the image, they would be images a keyframe c applet b thumbnail d extraction ANS: B PTS: REF: 71 17 Many Web pages, such as the one shown in the accompanying figure, use , which is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence a multimedia c animation b keyframes d keystoning ANS: C PTS: REF: 71 18 On the Web, Web sites like the one in the accompanying figure can make use of , which includes music, speech, or any other sound a vodcasting c video b audio d digeo ANS: B PTS: REF: 72 19 The more common usage of the term, page, refers to the first page that a Web site displays, such as that shown in the accompanying figure a locator c home b search d host ANS: C PTS: REF: 62 20 MP3 format much of the original quality of the sound a increases an audio file to about ten times its original size, and destroys b increases an audio file to about ten times its original size, but preserves c reduces an audio file to about one-tenth its original size, and preserves d reduces an audio file to about one-tenth its original size, but destroys ANS: C PTS: REF: 72 21 To listen to an audio file on your computer, you need special software called a a host c portal b receiver d player ANS: D PTS: REF: 72 22 is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow a Uploading c Downloading b Flowing d Streaming ANS: D PTS: REF: 72 23 consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds a Audio c Video b Vodcasting d Digeo ANS: C PTS: REF: 73 24 is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space a CAD c CAM b CMOS d VR ANS: D PTS: REF: 73 25 A(n) is a program that extends the capability of a browser a plug-in c chat client b IrDA d VoIP ANS: A PTS: 26 Web publishing involves a planning and maintaining the Web site b analyzing and designing the Web site ANS: D PTS: REF: 73 c creating and deploying the Web site d all of the above REF: 74 27 A customer visits an online business through its , which contains product descriptions, graphics, and a shopping cart a electronic storefront c online auction b data warehouse d chat room ANS: A PTS: REF: 74-75 28 As represented in the accompanying figure, is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet a e-convergence c e-marketing b e-browsing d e-commerce ANS: D PTS: REF: 74 29 The accompanying figure illustrates e-retail, which is an example of e-commerce, most of which is e-commerce a business-to-consumer (B2C) c consumer-to-consumer (C2C) b consumer-to-business (C2B) d business-to-business (B2B) ANS: D PTS: REF: 75 30 You use a(n) program to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages a FTP c transmission b e-mail d communication ANS: B PTS: REF: 75 31 , which is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network, is a primary communications method for both personal and business use a E-mail c Mailing list b FTP d Chat room ANS: A PTS: REF: 75 32 An e-mail is a combination of a user name and domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail a link c reference b address d user clause ANS: B PTS: REF: 76-77 33 In an e-mail address, the is a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user a domain name c user name b address book d subject directory ANS: C PTS: REF: 77 34 A is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer a confab c URL b chat d VoIP ANS: B PTS: REF: 79 35 enables users to speak to other users over the Internet (instead of the public switched telephone network) a IrDA c VoIP b CAD d POST ANS: C PTS: REF: 80 36 A popular Web-based type of discussion group that does not require a newsreader is a(n) a online index c browser b blog reader d message board ANS: D PTS: REF: 81 37 is the code of acceptable behavior users should follow while on the Internet; that is, it is the conduct expected of individuals while online a Netiquette c Internet behavior b Web politesse d Web civility ANS: A PTS: REF: 81 38 In e-mail, newsgroups, and chat rooms, use , such as :) and :(, to express emotion a icons c emoticons b OSPs d spam ANS: C PTS: REF: 81 39 A Web is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as documents and pictures, stored on a Web server a reader c host b site d app ANS: B PTS: REF: 61 40 A is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages a reader c browser b host ANS: C d server PTS: REF: 61 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice A wireless Internet service provider is a company that provides wireless Internet access to users with a ISPs c wireless modems b OSPs d Internet-enabled mobile devices ANS: C, D PTS: A Web address can include a a protocol b path to a specific Web page ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: REF: 58 c domain name d path to a location on a Web page REF: 63 An advocacy Web site contains content that promotes a a cause c an opinion b entertainment options d an idea ANS: A, C, D PTS: REF: 69 An e-mail message can be simple text or can include an attachment such as a(n) a FTP site c graphic b audio clip d video clip ANS: B, C, D PTS: Netiquette includes rules for a the Web b FTP ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: REF: 76 c e-mail d newgroups REF: 81 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE Pointing to, or positioning the pointer on, a link on a Web page typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index finger _ ANS: T PTS: REF: 64 A wiki is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee _ ANS: F, content aggregator PTS: REF: 70 Streaming allows users to access and use a file while it is transmitting _ ANS: T PTS: REF: 72 In an Internet e-mail address, an & symbol separates the user name from the domain name _ ANS: F, @ PTS: REF: 77 Uploading is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from a server on the Internet to your computer _ ANS: F, Downloading PTS: REF: 80 TRUE/FALSE No single person, company, institution, or government agency controls or owns the Internet ANS: T PTS: REF: 57 A dial-up Internet connection is high-speed technology ANS: F PTS: REF: 58 An ISP (Internet service provider) is a regional or national access provider ANS: T PTS: REF: 58 National ISPs usually offer fewer services and have a smaller technical support staff than regional ISPs ANS: F PTS: REF: 58 An IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a comma ANS: F PTS: REF: 60 To browse the Web, you need a computer that is connected to the Internet and that has a Web browser ANS: T PTS: REF: 61 All current browsers and Web sites require the http:// and www portions of a Web address ANS: F PTS: REF: 63 Text links may be underlined and/or displayed in a different size from the other text on a Web page ANS: F PTS: REF: 64 Many current Web browsers support tabbed browsing, where the top of the browser displays a tab for each Web page you open ANS: T PTS: REF: 64 10 An entertainment Web site contains factual information ANS: F PTS: REF: 69 11 Most Web pages include only formatted text and links ANS: F PTS: REF: 70 12 It is legal to download copyrighted music only if the song’s copyright holder has granted permission for users to download and play the song ANS: T PTS: REF: 72 13 Podcasters register their podcasts with wikis ANS: F PTS: REF: 72 14 Video files seldom are compressed because they are quite small in size ANS: F PTS: REF: 73 15 The Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) defines a popular video compression standard, the current one being called MPEG-4 ANS: T PTS: REF: 73 16 To develop a Web page, you must be a computer programmer ANS: F PTS: REF: 74 17 The first step in Web publishing is to plan a Web site ANS: T PTS: REF: 74 18 B2C e-commerce occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, as illustrated in the accompanying figure ANS: F PTS: REF: 74 19 Just as you address a letter when using the postal system, you must address an e-mail message with the e-mail address of your intended recipient ANS: T PTS: REF: 76 20 To add your e-mail name and address to a mailing list, you unsubscribe from it ANS: F PTS: REF: 78 21 Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing must be online at different times ANS: F PTS: REF: 78 22 All IM programs follow IM standards ANS: F PTS: REF: 79 23 All FTP sites restrict file transfers to those who have authorized accounts ANS: F PTS: REF: 80 24 Most Web sites use newsgroups instead of message boards because they are easier to use ANS: F PTS: REF: 81 25 A rule of netiquette is to read the FAQ (frequently asked questions), if one exists ANS: T PTS: REF: 81 COMPLETION A(n) is any computer that provides services and connections to other computers on a network ANS: host PTS: REF: 56 The _ oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet ANS: W3C World Wide Web Consortium PTS: REF: 57 A(n) provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem ANS: cable Internet service PTS: REF: 57 Unlike high-speed connections that always are on, with access, you must establish a connection to the Internet ANS: dial-up PTS: REF: 58 In addition to providing Internet access, a(n) _, such as AOL or MSN, also has many members-only features, including special content and services ANS: online service provider OSP PTS: REF: 58 A(n) provider is a business that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet free or for a fee ANS: access PTS: REF: 58 The major carriers of traffic on the Internet are known collectively as the Internet ANS: backbone PTS: REF: 59 A(n) is the text version of an IP address ANS: domain name PTS: REF: 60 A Web is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer ANS: server PTS: REF: 61 10 is the process of a computer receiving information, such as a Web page, from a server on the Internet ANS: Downloading PTS: REF: 62 11 A Web page has a unique address, called a(n) _ ANS: URL Uniform Resource Locator PTS: REF: 63 12 Some people use the phrase, the Web, to refer to the activity of using links to explore the Web ANS: surfing PTS: REF: 64 13 A(n) , such as that illustrated in the accompanying figure, is a program that finds Web sites and Web pages ANS: search engine PTS: REF: 65 14 To find Web pages easily, simply enter a word or phrase, called , in the text box, as shown in the accompanying figure ANS: search text PTS: REF: 66 15 A(n) Web site contains content that promotes or sells products or services ANS: business/marketing PTS: REF: 68 16 A(n) group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name ANS: mailing list PTS: REF: 78 17 A(n) is a location on an Internet server that permits users to have real-time, typed conversations with each other ANS: chat room PTS: REF: 79 18 is an Internet standard that permits the process of file uploading and downloading (transferring) with other computers on the Internet ANS: File transfer protocol FTP PTS: REF: 80 19 A(n) is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject ANS: newsgroup PTS: REF: 80 20 According to the rules of netiquette, in e-mail, newsgroups, and chat rooms you should avoid sending or posting ANS: flames PTS: REF: 81 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition a Web application f search engine b real time g player c VR h TLD d portal i link e plug-in j DSL Provides high-speed Internet connections using regular telephone lines To activate one of these on a Web page, you point to it and then press the left mouse button Special software used to listen to music on a computer This identifies the type of organization associated with a domain Program that finds Web sites and Web pages Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single location 10 A Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser, for example Means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a 3-D space Extends the capability of a browser 10 ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: J I G H F D A B C E PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 57 64 72 60 65 67 69 78 73 73 CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 2-1 You are taking an economics class, as part of which you are studying the various types of e-commerce As part of your research, you’ve learned about the flourishing business in online auctions, in which an individual user bids on something being sold by another person Which of the following types of commerce does this exemplify? a C2C b m-commerce c B2B d C2B ANS: a PTS: REF: 75 TOP: Critical Thinking A major search engine is preparing to provide Web-based purchasing, tracking, and transaction downloading capabilities to corporations What kind of commerce is this an example of? a B2B b m-commerce c B2C d C2C ANS: a PTS: REF: 75 TOP: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2-2 You’ve just moved to a new community and are investigating options in terms of access providers where you are now living 3 Which of the following is NOT true? a Access providers often charge about $5 to $24 per month for dial-up access b Due to their larger size, national ISPs usually offer more services and have a larger technical support staff than regional ISPs c Access providers often charge about $13 to $120 per month for high-speed access d Examples of regional ISPs are AT&T and EarthLink ANS: d PTS: REF: 58 TOP: Critical Thinking You have decided you would like an access provider that offers a number of members-only features in addition to just e-mail access Which of the following is your best option? a AOL b EarthLink c AT&T d Both B and C ANS: a PTS: REF: 58 TOP: Critical Thinking ESSAY Discuss what netiquette is and list the rules of netiquette ANS: Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors user should follow while on the Internet; that is, the conduct expected of individuals while online Netiquette includes rules for all aspects of the Internet In e-mail, chat rooms, and newsgroups: Keep messages brief Use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation Be careful when using sarcasm and humor, as it might be misinterpreted Be polite, avoiding offensive language Read the message before you send it Use meaningful subject lines Avoid sending or posting flames, which are abusive or insulting messages Do not participate in flame wares, which are exchanges of flames Avoid sending spam Do not use all capital letters, which is the equivalent of SHOUTING! Use emoticons to express emotion Use abbreviations and acronyms for phrases Clearly identify a spoiler Read the FAQ, if one exists Many newsgroups and Web pages have an FAQ Do not assume material is accurate or up-to-date Be forgiving of other’s mistakes Never read someone’s private e-mail PTS: REF: 81 TOP: Critical Thinking Define at least seven of the different types of Web sites ANS: Thirteen types of Web sites are portal, news, informational, business/marketing, blog, wiki, online social network, educational, entertainment, advocacy, Web application, content aggregator, and personal Many Web sites fall in more than one of these categories PORTAL A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location Most portals offer the following free services: search engine; news; sports and weather; Web publishing; reference tools such as yellow pages, stock quotes, and maps; shopping; and e-mail communications services Popular portals include AltaVista, AOL, Excite, GO.com, iGoogle, Lycos, MSN, and Yahoo! NEWS A news Web site contains newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather Newspapers and television and radio stations are some of the media that maintain news Web sites INFORMATIONAL An informational Web site contains factual information Many United States government agencies have informational Web sites providing information such as census data, tax codes, and the congressional budget Other organizations provide information such as public transportation schedules and published research findings BUSINESS/MARKETING A business/marketing Web site contains content that promotes or sells products or services Nearly every business has a business/marketing Web site Many companies also allow you to purchase their products or services online BLOG A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order A blog that contains video clips is called a video blog or vlog A microblog allows users to publish short messages, usually between 100 and 200 characters, for others to read Twitter is a popular microblog The term blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of blogs, and the vlogosphere refers to all vlogs worldwide Blogs reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors Blogs have become an important means of worldwide communication WIKI A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser Most wikis are open to modification by the general public Wikis usually collect recent edits on a Web page so someone can review them for accuracy The difference between a wiki and a blog is that users cannot modify original posts made by the blogger A popular wiki is Wikipedia, a free Web encyclopedia ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS An online social network, also called a social networking Web site, is a Web site that encourages members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users Popular social networking Web sites include MySpace and Facebook, with Facebook alone boasting more than 300 million active users A media sharing Web site is a specific type of online social network that enables members to share media such as photos, music, and videos Flickr, Fotki, and Webshots are popular photo sharing communities; PixelFish and YouTube are popular video sharing communities EDUCATIONAL An educational Web site offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning For a more structured learning experience, companies provide online training to employees; and colleges offer online classes and degrees Instructors often use the Web to enhance classroom teaching by publishing course materials, grades, and other pertinent class information ENTERTAINMENT An entertainment Web site offers an interactive and engaging environment Popular entertainment Web sites offer music, videos, sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chats, and more ADVOCACY An advocacy Web site contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea These Web sites usually present views of a particular group or association WEB APPLICATION A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser on any computer or device that is connected to the Internet Some Web applications provide free access to their software Others offer part of their software free and charge for access to more comprehensive features or when a particular action is requested Examples of Web applications include Google Docs, TurboTax Online, and Windows Live Hotmail CONTENT AGGREGATOR A content aggregator is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee Examples of distributed content include news, music, video, and pictures Subscribers select content in which they are interested Whenever this content changes, it is downloaded automatically (pushed) to the subscriber's computer or mobile device RSS 2.0, which stands for Really Simple Syndication, is a specification that content aggregators use to distribute content to subscribers PERSONAL A private individual or family not usually associated with any organization may maintain a personal Web site People publish personal Web pages for a variety of reasons Some are job hunting Others simply want to share life experiences with the world PTS: REF: 67-70 TOP: Critical Thinking Discuss FTP, including all relevant terms in your explanation ANS: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits the process of file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet Uploading is the opposite of downloading; that is, uploading is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from your computer to a server on the Internet Many operating systems include FTP capabilities An FTP site is a collection of files including text, graphics, audio clips, video clips, and program files that reside on an FTP server Many FTP sites have anonymous FTP, whereby anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files Some FTP sites restrict file transfers to those who have authorized accounts (user names and passwords) on the FTP server PTS: REF: 80 TOP: Critical Thinking ... telephone lines To activate one of these on a Web page, you point to it and then press the left mouse button Special software used to listen to music on a computer This identifies the type of organization... Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee a collector c aggregator b navigator d browser ANS: C PTS: REF: 70 14 The term refers to any application... users to publish short messages, usually between 100 and 200 characters, for others to read Twitter is a popular microblog The term blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of blogs, and the