Structural conversion with modal verbs (supplementary practice for teaching part e unit 11 12 english 12)

PART I: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the Study Modal verbs are essential parts of spoken and written English at all levels These are really difficult topics but interesting when we take deep investigation into them Not only students but also many teachers are challenged by modal verbs They appear in part E of Unit 11 and Unit 12 of the textbook of English 12 – basic curriculum When teaching these points, I myself find it confusing to get students to memorize their usage The only way to keep them in our minds is to learn by heart and to practice regularly During my teaching and carrying out extensive research into this problem, I found it necessary to provide more theory and also extra practice for teachers and students when teaching and learning this For all the reasons, I would like to conduct my research on the topic: “Structural Conversion With Modal Verbs” Aim of the Study The main aims of the research are: - To provide teachers and students with full theory of Modal Verbs in English used in sentence transformation exercises - To provide opportunity to practice writing skills, especially the skill of doing sentence transformation exercises for gifted students - To hope to provide reference materials for any teachers or students who intend to master the language of English or want to make their English more natural and more fluent Method of the Study Multi-methods are integrated to conduct this research, including mainly methods of observation and analysis Beside, the research is undertaken as a result of the reality of the long-time process of my daily teaching at school, especially my teaching gifted students Objective and Scope of the Study The objective of the study is modal verbs that are often used in sentence transformation exercises, including rewrite the sentences using the given words and rewrite the sentences using the key word(s) These exercises are collected from a variety of kinds of material sources Because of many reasons, both subjective and objective, the study will limit itself within “sentences transformation with modal verbs”, and this will mainly apply to the gifted students or those who intentionally attend the classes learning Literature, Math and English, known as group D or Math, Physics and English – group A1 PART II: PROBLEM SOLVING Theoretic basis of the problem As mentioned, modal verbs play a vital role in learning English Anyone who does not know them well are not considered good learners or speakers Modal verbs occur around the textbooks of English 10, English 11 and English 12 and are the main contents of part E – Language Focus in English 12 at units 11 and 12 The only way to master them is to learn by heart and to practice them again and again This research hopes to be a good material for both teachers and students in their teaching and learning Practical basis of the problem Mai Anh Tuan High School is located in the rural area with many mountainous and poor villages People here are mainly farmers with average and low living standard As a result, students did not have much good chance of studying and using English until recently Students (and even their teachers) not have an English environment to practice Learning English here has not still been really important to students and people here Therefore, the teachers have so much difficulty in teaching English Working as a teacher for a long time, I myself understand the nature of the problem and usually find it necessary to find out the ways to improve the situation I try my best to this research with a view to getting my students and other teachers to benefit from it by giving them more opportunities to practice and to better their English Solutions to the problem After studying the content of the textbooks English 10, 11 and 12, especially the part E – Language Focus of units 11 and 12, and taking deep investigation into this problem, I have found out some useful measures to deal with this problem The study consists of two main parts: Part A – Theory of Modal Verbs and Part B – Practice on Sentence Transformation Exercises with Modal Verbs Part A consists of characteristics, functions of modal verbs and structural conversion with them and synonymous expressions Part B gives students a chance to practice doing sentence transformation exercises with modal verbs at all levels PART A: MODAL VERBS FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURAL CONVERSION I Characteristics of Modal Verbs Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should) are auxiliary verbs that give imformation about ability, possibility or necessity They take no –s in the third person singular They come before the subject in questions and are followed by “not” in negations The modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without TO except for “ought to” and their form doesn’t change E.g - He could speak French and Italian (Not: He coulds speak…) - Could you speak French before you lived there? (Not: Did you could speak…?) Certain verbs or expressions have virtually the same meaning as some modals These are Need (= must), had better (= should), have to/have got to (= must), be able to (= can), used to (= would) and so on E.g I have got to hurry to catch the bus (= I must hurry) We use modal verbs to express: ability, advice, criticism, logical assumptions, necessity, offters, obligations/duty, permission, possibility, probability, prohibition, requests/suggestions II Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions USE Ability PRESENT/FUTURE - He can read Arabic - She’s able to run a marathon Possibility - He can win the race (90% certain) - They could still be at school (50% certain; it’s possible they are still at school) - Tom may be studying in his room (perhaps; 50% certain; it’s possible that he’s studying) - He might want some more food (40% certain; perhaps he wants some more food) - It is likely that he will arrive tonight - He is likely to arrive tonight PAST - He could/was able to rea Arabic when he was four (repeated action – ability in the past) - He was able to escape (single action) - She could have been killed in the car crash (Luckily, she wasn’t killed.) - He may have spoken to Jenny yesterday (Perhaps he spoke to Jenny) - He might have forgotten (Perhaps he has forgotten) - It was likely that he had arrived the day before - He was likely to have arrived the day before Probability - They will be home soon (100% certain; prediction) - Greg should win easily (90% certain; future only; he’ll win easily) - They ought to be home by now (90% certain; they will probably be home.) Logical - She must be working (90% Assumptions certain – possitive; I’m sure she’s working.) - She can’t be over forty (negative; I’m sure she isn’t over forty.) - He couldn’t be at work (negative; I don’t think he’s at work.) Permission - You can/can’t borrow my car (giving or refusing permission; informal) - Could I use your phone? (more polite; asking for permission) - You may use the phone (formal; giving permission) - Might I speak to Mr Jones, please? (more formal; asking permission) - I’m afraid you can’t/mustn’t see the patient (informal; refusing permission) - Children may not be left unaccompanied (Formal; refusing permission + written notice) Necessity - I must buy a new jacket (I say so.) - He has to put some petrol in the car (necessity coming from - He should have received his prize by now (He has probably received it by now.) - They ought to have arrived an hour ago (They have probably arrived.) - She must have been working (possitive; I’m sure she was working.) - She can’t have stolen the money (negative; I’m sure she didn’t steal the money.) - He couldn’t have been at work yesterday (negative; I don’t think he was at work yesterday.) - He wasn’t allowed to/ couldn’t cross the border - He was allowed to enter the country (not: could) - I had to buy a new jacket (I was obliged to) - Since his car was being repaired he had to go to York by train Advice Criticism Obligation outside the speaker) - I’ve got to go the bank now (informal) - My car needs repairing Or: My car needs to be repaired (it’s necessary) - They don’t have to/ do’t need to/ needn’t come if they don’t want to (It isn’t necessary – absence of necessity) - I ought to get my hair cut (it’s necessary) - I had to go to the bank yesterday - You should drink more water (general advice; I advice you) - You ought to respect the elderly (I advice you; most peole belive this) - You had better finish it (it’s a good idea; advice on a specific situation) - Shall I buy that car? (asking for advice) - You could at least help me - You should have gone to bed earlier last night (but you didn’t) - He ought to have seen a doctor earlier (but he didn’t) - It would have been better if you had finished it yesterday (but you didn’t) - I must go on a diet (I’m obliged to; I say so.) - I have to go on a diet (i’m obliged to; the doctor says so.) - We ought to help the poor It’s - My car needed repairing Or: My car needed to be repaired (it was necessary) - She didn’t have to go (It wasn’t necessary – absence of necessity) - He needn’t have worn such heavy clothes (It wasn’t necessary for him to wear such heavy clothes but he did.) - She didn’t need to/ didn’t have to buy any apples (It wasn’t necessary for her to buy any apples and she didn’t.) - You could have at least helped me last night - They should have tried harder (but they didn’t) - You ought to have behaved yourself yesterday (It was the right thing to but you didn’t it.) - I had to go on a diet a month ago - I had to go on a diet a month ago Requests Offers Suggestions Prohibition Duty the right thing to do, but people don’t always it - Can I borrow your book? (informal) - Could I borrow your book? (polite) - May I have a cup of coffee, please? (formal) - Might I used your phone? (very formal) - Will you phone Jane tonight? (very friendly) - Would you mind sending this fax? (polite) - Can I/we anything for you? (informal) - Shall I/we it for you? (informal) - Would you like me to help? - Shall we dance? - I/We can go now if you like - We could leave if you want - You can’t smoke there (You aren’t allowed to) - You mustn’t smoke there (It’s forbidden.) - You may not smoke there (formal) - Everyone must obey the law - People ought to be more tolerant (It’s the right thing to but they not always it.) - He could have consulted a lawyer - They couldn’t smoke there (They weren’t allowed) - All the villagers had to obey the law - He ought to have been more tolerant (It was the right thing to but he didn’t it.) * Some special notes Can – could – was able to (ability) - Can expresses ability in the present and future Could expresses ability in the past The verb can is used only in the present or future and could in the past Can borrows the rest of its tenses from be able to E.g He could climb up mountains before he had an accident He cana’t climb mountains now but he had been able to so before his accident - Was able to (= managed to) is used to express ability in the past for either single or repeated actions E.g He was able to reach Brighton before midnight (single action) (Not: could) - Could is used in statements to express general ability in the past for repeated actions E.g She could/was able to read when she was four (could/was able to are both correct) However with “feel/hear/see/smell/understand…” we normally use could for single actions E.g I could hear a noise coming from the dining room (single action) (not: was able to) - Could/Was able to are both used in negations and questions for either single or repeated actions E.g They weren’t able to/ couldn’t win the race (single action) Could you/Were you able to drive a car when you were fifteen? (repeated action – general ability in the past) Must – have to – have got to - Must is used when the speaker decides what it is necessary to E.g I must buy some new clothes (I say so I decide what to do.) - Have to is used when the necessity comes from outside the speaker or when others decide for the speaker what it was necessary to E.g He has to be at work at 9.00 (The boss says so.) - Have got to has the same meaning as have to but it is used in spoken English E.g “Mum, I’ve got to go to the library.” - Must is stronger than have to and indicates urgency and importance E.g I must meet Jane tonight (It’s very urgent that I meet her.) I have to meet Jane tonight (I need to meet her.) - Must is used only in the present or future E.g I must go to the meeting tomorrow It borrows the rest of its tense from have to E.g She had to be present at the lecture last Monday Mustn’t – needn’t - Mustn’t (it’s forbidden): You mustn’t get off the bus before it stops - Needn’t/ Don’t have to (it isn’t necessaryy): Today is a holiday – you needn’t/don’t have to go to work Needn’t – Didn’t need to – Needn’t have - Don’t have to/ Don’t need to/ Needn’t + present infinitive (it is not necessary in the present or future) E.g You don’t have to/ don’t need to/needn’t worry about it any more I’ll take care of that (It is not necessary to worry…) - Didn’t need to/; didn’t have to (It was not necessary in the past and we may not know if the action heppened or not.) E.g She didn’t need to/ didn’t have to buy a dress for the party (It wasn’t necessary for her to buy a dress, and we don’t know if she bought one.) - Needn’t + bare perfect infinitive (We know that something happened in the past although it was not necessary.) E.g You needn’t have said that She was very upset by your remarks (You said it, although it was not necessary.) Expressions similar to Modal Verbs - Be supposed to + infinitive means “should” but it expresses the idea that someone else expects something to be done E.g I’m supposed to attend the seminar (The manager expects me to so I should attend the seminar It’s a good idea because I might get some useful information.) - Be to + infinitive means “must” but it expresses the idea that someone else demands something E.g I am to be at the air port at 9.00 (My boss has told me to go there, so I can’t avoid it.) I must be at the airport at 9.00 (If I don’t go there, there will be no one to meet Mr.Jons who is coming tonight.) Be supposed to and be to are used to express what someone expects about a previously arranged event E.g The conference is supposed to/is to start tomorrow (it is sheduled.) - Be likely to mean “may” (possibility) To express possibility in questions we don’t use “may” We use: Is he likely to …?, Is it likely that he …?, Can he …?, Could he…?, Might he…? E.g Is he likely to win the reace? Is it likely that he will win the race? Could he win the race? etc - Would you mind is used to express polite, formal requests E.g Would you mind lending me a hand? - Lets…/How about…?/Why don’t we…?/ What about…? are used to make suggestions E.g Let’s go for a ride How about going for a ride? Why don’t we go for a ride? What about going for a ride? - Would you like to/ Would you like me to…? (= Shall I…?) are used when we offer to something E.g Would you like me to pick up your laundry? (Shall I pick up your laundry?) - Be allowed to is used to express permission, to say what the rule is E.g He was allowed to cross the border (Not: He could cross…) Was he allowed to enter the building? Adverbs and Alternative to modals Adverbs like also, always, never, sometimes, just and only come after modal verbs: E.g You should always carry plenty of loose change You must never that again To add extra emphasis we can use really before the verb: E.g You really have to see it to believe it Adverbs like certainly, probably, possibly, perhaps and may can be used to express similar ideas to modal verbs: E.g He had probably been attacked and robbed (= he must have been attacked) We can use it + be + certain/likely/probable/possible/impossible to express ability, probability and possibility: E.g It is possible to program your computer to translate texts automatically (= you can probram your computer) E.g It is possible that the train will be late (= the train might be late) III Structural Conversion of Modal Verbs May = Perhaps Must = I think/ I suppose, I strongly believe think, I don’t suppose Can’t = I don’t STRUCTURAL CONVERSION - Perhaps she is abroad  She may be abroad - Perhaps she moved to Rome  She may have moved to Rome - Perhaps she wasn’t taking a bath  She may not have been taking a bath - Perhaps he was studying/ he has been  He may have been studying studying - I think she has lost her way  She must have lost her way - I suppose he has left Austria  He must have left Austria - I think he was in Germany  He must have been in Germany - It is certain that he’ll fail  He is bound to fail - It is certain that she (has) attended the  She is certain to have attended the ceremony ceremony / She must have attended the ceremony - I’m sure she is sleeping  She must be sleeping - I’m sure he hasn’t left  He can’t have left - It’s forbidden to smoke in hospitals  You mustn’t smoke in hospitals - I must reject this plan  I have no option but to reject this plan / I will have to reject this plan  She can’t have forgotten - I don’t think she’s forgotten - I’m sure he isn’t lying to us - He is likely to win the race  He can’t be lying to us  It is likely that he’ll win the race  - She is unlikely to pass her exams He’ll probably win the race  It is unlikely/ not likely that she’ll pass her exams./  There’s little likelihood/ possibility of her passing her exams  There’s little likelihood/ possibility that she’ll pass her exams  It’s doubtful whether she’ll pass her exams  In all probability, he will win the - He is likely to win the prize prize  It is likely that he will win the prize  It is very possible that he will win the prize  He could certainly win the prize  There is every likelihood that he will - It wasn’t necessary for you to finish it today - Was it necessary for Ann to leave the party that early? - It isn’t necessary to the ironing today - It wasn’t necessary for you to buy so many roses as you did - Was it necessary for her to behave like that? - It wasn’t necessary for me to walk to work as he gave me a lift - There’ no need to correct the tests today - He isn’t obliged to tell you the truth - It is important for you to learn to drive - Are exams compulsory at this school? 10 win the prize  You needn’t have finished it today  Did Ann need to/have to leave the party that early?  You don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t the ironing today - You needn’t have bought so many roses - Did she need/ have to behave like that? - I didn’t need to walk to work as he gave me a lift - Don’t bother to correct the tests today - It isn’t necessary to correct the tests today - You needn’t correct the tests today - You don’t need to correct the tests today - He needn’t tell you the truth - He doesn’t need/ have to tell you the truth - You need/have to learn to drive - Do you have to sit for exams at this school? - It’s optional for senior students to take tests./ It’s not compulsory for senior students to take tests - You mustn’t write your answer in ink - Senior students don’t have to take tests - It is against the rules to write your answer in ink - It is forbidden to speed in the city centre - You mustn’t speed in the city centre / Under no circumstances should/ must you drive fast in - He couldn’t go out because it was - The rain prevented him from going raining out - You’d better ask for some advice - You should ask for some advice - It is advisable to speak politely to your - You should speak politely to your teachers teachers./ You had better speak politely to your teachers - It would be a good idea to go on a diet - You had better go on a diet./ You should/ ought to go on a diet./ It is advisable to go on a diet - Why don’t you go to see the dentist? - You should go to see the dentist - Why didn’t you consult your lawyer? - You shouldn’t have consulted your lawyer - Shall I help you with the dishes? - Would you like me to help you with the dishes? - Would you mind if I used your phone? - May/Might I use your phone? - Let’s work out the details - Shall we work out the details?/ Why don’t we work out the details? - Let’s go for a walk - Shall we go for a walk? - Shall I help you with the dishes? - Would you like me to help you with the dishes? - Could you come on Monday? - Would Monday be convenient for you?/ How does Monday suit you? - May I borrow your car? - Do you mind if I borrow your car?/ Could I borrow your car, please? 11 / Would you mind if I borrowed your car?/ I was wondering if I could borrow your car - Would it interest you to open an account?/ Would you be interested in opening an account?/ How would you/ you feel about opening an account?/ How about opening an account? - Would you like to open an account? PART B: PRACTICE ON STRUCTURAL CONVERSION WITH MODAL VERBS 12 EXERCISE 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence You must use between two and five words Do not change the word given It wasn’t necessary for you to bring me flowers as I already had a lot (need) => You …………………………………………………….… flowers Perhaps he left the car unlocked (may) => He …………………………………………………………… the car unlocked I’ll carry that bag for you (like) => Would …………………………………………………………… that bag for you? I advice you to drive more slowly (should) => You …………………………………………………………… slowly It would be a good idea for you to leave early (better) => You …………………………………………………………… early Driving without headlights is forbidden (drive) => You …………………………………………………………… headlights Let’s go shopping in town (about) => What …………………………………………………………… in town? I’m sure he lied to you (have) => He …………………………………………………………… to you I don’t think he has been feeling well lately (have) => He …………………………………………………………… well lately 10 It’s possible that Ann is looking for a new job (may) => Ann …………………………………………………………… a new job EXERCISE 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence You must use between two and five words Do not change the word given He will probably pass his driving test (likely) => He …………………………………………………………… his driving test It was not necessary for him to pay for the damage, although he did (needn’t) => He …………………………………………………………… for the damage You are not allowed to leave until the exam has finished (mustn’t) => You ………………………………………………… the exam has finished I’d better start saving for my summer holiday (should) => I ……………………………………………………… for my summer holiday We’ll probadly stop and get something to eat on the way home (likely) => It ……………………………… stop and get something to eat on the way home It’s possible that you forgot to pick up your change (have) => You …………………………………………………………… up your change You mustn’t take photos in the cathedral (allowed) => You …………………………………………………… photos in the cathedral 13 It wasn’t necessary for them to pay for our meal, but they did (paid) => They …………………………………………………………… for our meal Is it possible that hats are coming back into fashion? (be) => Could ………………………………………………… back into fashion? 10 It wasn’t necessary to get dressed up, so we didn’t (need) => We …………………………………………………………… get dressed up EXERCISE 3: Rewrite the following sentences using the words in capitals It’s possible that Eve forgot about the meeting (MAY) => …………………………………………………………………………………… It is necessary for governments to take action against tax evasion (MUST) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Would you like me to help you? (CAN) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Sue didn’t leave home in time and now she is running late for work (SHOULD) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Give this massage to Mrs Bates, please! (WILL) => …………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t believe the President made such a contradictory statement (CAN’T) => …………………………………………………………………………………… I believe business is now experiencing a severe recession (MUST) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Is it possible to pay in installments? (COULD) => …………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t believe Harry spent the whole evening studying for his French exam (CAN’T) => …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Do you want to have a look at my article before I hand it in? (WOULD) => …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 4: Rewrite the following sentences using the words in capitals Is it really necessary for me to make the presentation tomorrow? (HAVE) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Aunt May cooked chicken soup for us, even though we told her were eating out (NEED) => …………………………………………………………………………………… It is doubtful whether he will be appointed Minister of Health (MIGHT) => …………………………………………………………………………………… He didn’t make sure he had a spare tyre and he got a puncture miles from anywhere (SHOULD) => …………………………………………………………………………………… It is not advisable to make personal phone calls at work (OUGHT) => …………………………………………………………………………………… 14 It is extremely dangerous to strike a match at a petrol station (MUST) => …………………………………………………………………………………… It was wrong of you to rely on Michael’s support (SHOULD) => …………………………………………………………………………………… It’s a good idea to get a dental check-up every six months (OUGHT) => …………………………………………………………………………………… Perhaps she was behaving so arrogantly because of her insecurity (MAY) => …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Is there any possible of the flight being cancelled? (LIKELY) => …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 5: Rewrite the following sentences using the suitable modals I don’t think Madonna’s new CD has been released yet => …………………………………………………………………………………… I think Mark was living in Spain at the time => …………………………………………………………………………………… I strongly believe David is not lying this time => …………………………………………………………………………………… Perhaps you will need to hand in a research paper => …………………………………………………………………………………… George is thinking of buying a house this year but he’s not sure whether he will => …………………………………………………………………………………… I strongly believe he wasn’t just speculating when he said that prices will rise => …………………………………………………………………………………… I’m sure Linda is earning a high salary => …………………………………………………………………………………… You aren’t allowed to use a dictionary during the exam => …………………………………………………………………………………… It isn’t necessary for Mary to go to work tomorrow => …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 It isn’t necessary for Brian to finish the reports quickly => …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 6: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between three and eight words, including the word given Jeff, shall we go out tonight? (how) => Jeff, ……………………………………………………………… tonight? It is very possible that he’ll be promoted (every) => There …………………………………………………………… promoted It is certain that he will return this afternoon (bound) => He ……………………………………………………………… this afternoon He wasn’t able to understand the radio message because of interference (impossible) 15 => The interference on the radio ………………………………… the message Why haven’t you signed this form at the bottom? (sign) => Weren’t …………………………………………………… at the bottom? Could he have been telling the truth? (likely) => Is ………………………………………………………………… the truth? Could you come on Saturday? (suit) => How ………………………………………………………………… you? How you feel about going on an excursion? (like) => How …………………………………………………… on an excursion? You don’t have to inform the agency beforehand (compulsory) => It ……………………………………………………… the agency in advance 10 May I borrow your typewriter? (mind) => Do …………………………………………………… your typewriter? SUGGESTED ANSWER EXERCISE 1: 16 You … needn’t have brought me … flowers He may have left the car unlocked Would you like me to carry that bag for you? You should drive more slowly You’d better leave early You mustn’t drive without headlights What about going shopping in town? He must have lied to you He can’t have been feeling well lately 10 Ann may be looking for a new job EXERCISE 2: He is likely to pass his driving test He needn’t have paid for the damage You mustn’t leave until the exam has finished I should start saving for my summer holiday It is likely that we will stop and get something to eat on the way home You might have forgotten to pick up your change You aren’t allowed to take photos in the cathedral They needn’t have paid for uour meal Could hats be coming back into fashion? 10 We didn’t need to get dressed up EXERCISE 3: Eve may have forgotten about the meeting Government must take action against tax evasion Can I help you? Sue should have left home earlier/in time Will you give this massage to Mrs Bates? The President can’t have made such a contradictory statement Business must be now experiencing a severe recession Could I/we pay in installments? Harry can’t have spent the whole evening studying for his French exam 10 Would you like to have a look at my article before I hand it in? EXERCISE 4: Do I really have to make the presentation tomorrow? Aunt May needn’t have cooked chicken soup for us He might not be appointed Minister of Health He should have made sure he had a spare tyre We oughtn’t to make personal phone calls at work They mustn’t strike a match at a petrol station You shouldn’t have relied on Michael’s support You ought to get a dental check-up every six months She may have been behaving so arrogantly because of her insecurity 17 10 Is it likely that the flight will be cancelled?/Is the flight likely to be cancelled? EXERCISE 5: Madonna’s new CD can’t have been released yet Mark must have been living in Spain at the time David can’t be lying this time You may need to hand in a research paper George may buy a house this year He can’t have been just speculating when he said that prices will rise Linda must be earning a high salary You mustn’t use a dictionary during the exam Mary needn’t go to work tomorrow /Mary doesn’t have to go to work … 10 Brian needn’t finish the reports quickly EXERCISE 6: Jeff, how about going out tonight? There is every likelihood that he’ll be/ is every possibility of his being promoted He is bound to return this afternoon The interference on the radio made it impossible for him to understand the message Weren’t you supposed to sign this form at the bottom? Is he likely to have been telling/ it likely he was telling the truth? How does coming on Saturday suit you? How would you like to go on an excursion? It is not compulsory for you to inform the agency in advance 10 Do mind if I borrow/ mind lending me your typewriter? Evaluatiion the results of the study 4.1 Findings of the study 18 After a trial period in some classes at Mai Anh Tuan High School (mainly class 12M and 12I), I noticed that the students made a considerable progress They know more phrasal verbs and know how to rewriting sentences exercises with them effectively Specific findings Number Class of Boys student 12I 50 26 12M 43 32 Total 93 58 8-10 6.5-7.9 5-6.5