NCRP report no 114 maintaining radiation protection records

NCRP REPORT No 114 MAINTAINING RADIATION PROTECTION RECORDS Recommendations of the NATIONAL COUNCIL O N RADIATION PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS Issued November 30, 1992 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 7910 WOODMONT AVENUE Bethesda, M D 20814 LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) The Council strives to provide accurate, complete and useful information in its reports However, neither the NCRP, the members of NCRP, other persons contributing to or assisting in the preparation of this Report, nor any person acting on the behalf of any of these parties: (a) makes any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information contained in this Report, or that the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report, under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 701 et seq as amended 42 U.S.C Section 2000e et seq (Title VZZ) or any other statutory or common law theory governing liability Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Maintaining radiation protection records : recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements cm.-(NCRP report ; no 114) p Prepared under the auspices of Scientific Committee 46 on Operational Radiation Safety "Issued November 30, 1992." Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-929600-27-4 Radiation-Safety measures Files (Records)-Management Radiation-Dosage-Reporting I National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee 46 on Operational Radiation Safety 11 Title III Series Records-standards [DNLM: Radiation Protection-standards WN 650 N2775ml RA569.N353 1992 363.17'996-dc20 DNWDLC 92-49562 for Library of Congress CIP Copyright O National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 1992 All rights reserved This publication is protected by copyright No part of this publicationmay be reproduced in any formor by any means, includingphotocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews Preface This Report is part of a series prepared under the auspices of Scientific Committee 46 on Operational Radiation Safety It provides guidance on maintaining radiation protection records Record keeping is a n essential element of every radiation protection program This Report describes the elements that should enter into the design of a program for the maintenance of operational radiation safety records The problems of the length of time for retention of records for operational, regulatory, epidemiologic and legal uses are discussed in detail Serving on NCRP Scientific Committee 46-5 for the preparation of the draft material were: Roscoe M Hall, Jr.",Chairman Westinghouse Savannah River Plant Aiken, South Carolina Members Joyce P Davis Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Washington, D.C Peter S Littlefield Yankee Atomic Electric Co Bolton, Massachusetts Nancy A Dreyer Epidemiology Resources, Inc Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts Bette L Murphy Rockville, Maryland Richard J Vetter Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Scientific Committee 46 Liaison Member Thomas D Murphy U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C iv / PREFACE Consultant Richard J 'll'raub Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories Richland, Washington NCRP Secretariat James A Spahn, Jr (1986-1992) Robert T Wangemann (1986) E Ivan White (1983-1985) Serving on Scientific Committee 46 on Operational Radiation Safety for the preparation of this Report were: Kenneth R.Kase, Chairman (1990-) Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford, California Charles B Meinhold, Chairman (1983-1990) Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York Members Ernest A Belvin (1983-1987) Tennessee Valley Authority Chattanooga, Tennessee David S Myers (1987-) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, California W Robert Casey (1983-1989) Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York John W Poston (1991-) Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Robert Catlin University of Texas Houston, Texas Keith Schiager University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Joyce P Davis (1990-) Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Washington, D.C Ralph Thomas (1989-) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, California William R Hendee Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin Robert G Wissink 3M Company St Paul, Minnesota PREFACE James E McLaughlin Canoga Park, California I v Paul L Ziemer (1983-1990) Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Thomas D Murphy U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C The Council wishes to express its appreciation to the Committee members for the time and effort devoted to the preparation of this Report Charles B Meinhold President, NCRP Bethesda, Maryland 15August 1992 Table of Contents Introduction Guidance for Systematic Generation and Retention of Records Relating to Radiation Protection 2.1 Records System Design and Operation 2.1.1 Record Handling Procedures 2.1.2 Codes and Coding Conventions 2.1.3 Definitions 2.2 Records Generation 2.2.1 Specificity 2.2.2 Completeness 2.2.3 Ancillary Information 2.2.4 Identity of Originator of Records 2.2.5 Record Status Information 2.2.6 Radiation Dose 2.3 Records Linkage 2.4 Files 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 Files for Individuals 2.4.3 File for Places and Activities 2.4.4 Other Files 2.4.5 Computer Files Derived from Original Records 2.4.6 Original and Reproduced Records 2.4.7 Backup Files 2.5 Storage and Maintenance of Records 2.5.1 Records Format 2.5.2 Records Retention 2.6 Records Retrieval 2.7 Quality Control : 2.7.1 Records Quality Control 2.7.2 File Storage and Retrieval Quality Control 2.8 Legal Aspects of Records Management 2.8.1 Evidentiary Considerations 2.8.2 Incorporation by Reference 2.8.3 Disposition of Records of Defunct Organizations 2.8.4 Privacy and Other Confidentiality Considerations viii / CONTENTS Radiation Protection Program Records 2.8.5 Documentation of Computer Programs 3.1 Objective 3.2 Records Management 3.3 Types of Program Records 3.3.1 Authorizing Documents 3.3.2 Accreditations and Certifications 3.3.3 Guidance Documents 3.3.3.1 External Documents 3.3.3.2 Internal Documents 3.3.4 Radiation Protection Organization and Personnel 3.3.4.1 Personnel Identification and Qualifications 3.3.4.2 Position Descriptions 3.3.4.3 Radiation Protection Personnel Training 3.3.5 Program for Quality Control and Assessment of the Radiation Protection Program 3.3.6 Radiological Training Program for General Workers 3.3.7 Source and Access Control Program 3.3.8 Radiological Measurement and Control Programs 3.3.9 Calibration Program 3.3.10 Respiratory Protection Program 3.3.11 Radiation Work Control Program 3.3.12 Dosimetry and Exposure Control Program 3.3.13 Ventilation Monitoring Program 3.3.14 Environmental Radiation Monitoring and Dose Assessment Program 3.3.15 Radioactive Waste Program 3.3.16 Radioactive Materials Receipt and Shipment Program 3.3.17 Incident Response Programs 3.3.17.1 Emergency Response Planning Program 3.3.17.2 Program for Notification Investigation Tracking and FollowUp of Incidents and Emergencies 3.3.18 Programs to Maintain Exposures As LOWAs Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) 3.3.19 General and Administrative Programs 3.3.19.1 Reports CONTENTS 3.3.19.2 Administrative Program 3.3.19.3 Record-Keeping Program 3.4 Changes in Guidance Procedures and Methods Individual Records 4.1 Exposure Categories for Individuals 4.2 Personal Data 4.3 External Dosimetry 4.3.1 Dose Assessment Records 4.3.1.1 Whole Body Dose EquivaIent 4.3.1.2 Effective Dose Equivalent 4.3.1.3 Dose Equivalent to Skin 4.3.1.4 Dose Equivalent to the Lens of the Eye 4.3.1.5 Extremity Dose Equivalent Individual Dose Records for Internal Dosimetry Summation of Internal and External Exposure Exposure History Missing Dosimetry Results Abnormal Exposures Training Records Workplace Records 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 General Description 5.1.2 Controlled Areas 5.1.3 Ventilation and Exhaust Features 5.1.4 Access Control 5.2 Radiation Work Permits (RWP) 5.3 Area Radiation and Contamination Records 5.4 Instrumentation 5.5 Protective Equipment 5.5.1 General Description 5.5.2 Quality Assurance 5.6 As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) 5.7 Radioactive Material Shipments 5.8 Radioactive Material Inventory 5.9 Accidents and Incidents Environmental Records 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pre-Operational Monitoring Program 6.2.1 Climatic Topographic Land Use and Demographic Studies 6.2.2 Radiological Surveillance Records 6.3 Operational Environmental Monitoring Program 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 X CONTENTS 6.4 Radioactive Materials Release and Dose Assessment 6.4.1 Radioactive Material Release Reports 6.4.2 Dose Assessment Reports 6.5 Off-Site Incident Investigations and Special Studies Radiation Protection Instrumentation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Specifications 7.3 Calibration Facility Description and Source Certification 7.3.1 Calibration Facility 7.3.2 Source Certification 7.4 Calibration 7.5 Maintenance Records 7.6 Instrument Inventory Records Appendix A Types of Linkages A.1 Intrafile Linkages A.2 Interfile Linkages Appendix B Retention of Radiation Records Glossary : References The NCRP NCRP Publications Index Introduction For many years the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and its predecessors have provided recommendations dealing with many aspects of radiation protection The NCRP seeks to provide practical recommendations for the establishment of a radiation safety program and record keeping is an essential element of a radiation safety program (NCRP, 1978a; 1989a) The objective of this Report is to describe the elements that should enter into the design of a program for the maintenance of operational radiation safety records to: aid in protection of individuals, evaluate the effectiveness of radiation protection programs, and provide for accuracy, reliability, confidentiality and retrievability This Report is offered as a guide for the appropriate maintenance of records as required by the radiation protection program and should be helpful in determining when a record is needed, what a particular record should contain and what records should be retained Decisions concerning how best to implement the recommendations of this Report are subject to an evaluation of the needs of the organization Factors that should be considered when judging which radiation safety records should be incorporated in any program are the: benefits of maintaining the record, costs and resources required to maintain the record, and risks associated with not maintaining the record Radiation safety records can be used for a variety of purposes, including: evaluation of the radiation safety program to ensure effective program operation, evidence of regulatory compliance, data for epidemiologic studies, and information for making or contesting claims for radiationinduced injury An effective radiation safety program can much to reduce exposures to a level as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) within the 72 / THENCRP American Industrial Hygiene Association American Insurance Services Group American Medical Association American Nuclear Society American Osteopathic College of Radiology American Podiatric Medical Association American Public Health Association American Radium Society American Roentgen Ray Society American Society of Radiologic Technologists American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Onmlogy American Veterinary Medical Association American Veterinary Radiology Society Association of University Radiologists Battelle Memorial Institute Chem Nuclear Systems Center for Devices and Radiological Health College of American Pathologists Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Defense Nuclear Agency Eastman Kodak Company Edison Electric Institute Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr Foundation EG&G Idaho, Inc Electric Power Research Institute Federal Emergency Management Agency Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Genetics Society of ~ m e i i c a Health Effects Research Foundation (Japan) Health Physics Society Institute of Nuclear Power Operations James Picker Foundation Martin Marietta Corporation National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Association of Photographic Manufacturers National Cancer Institute National Electrical Manufacturers Association National Institute of Standards and Technology Nuclear Management and Resources Council Radiation Research Society Radiological Society of North America Richard Lounsbery Foundation Sandia National Laboratory Society of Nuclear Medicine Society of Pediatric Radiology United States Department of Energy United States Department of Labor United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Navy United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Victoreen, Inc THENCRP 73 Initial funds for publication of NCRP reports were provided by a grant from the James Picker Foundation The NCRP seeks to promulgate information and recommendations based on leading scientific judgement on matters of radiation protection and measurement and to foster cooperation among organizations concerned with these matters These efforts are intended to serve the public interest and the Council welcomes comments and suggestions on its reports or activities from those interested in its work NCRP Publications NCRP publications are distributed by the NCRP Publications' Office Information on prices and how to order may be obtained by directing an inquiry to: NCRP Publications 7910 Woodmont Avenue Suite 800 Bethesda, MD 20814-3095 The currently available publications are listed below NCRP Reports No Title Control and Removal ofRadioactive Contamination in Laboratories (1951) Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclldes in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure (1959) [Includes Addendum issued in August 19631 Measurement of Neutron Flux and Spectra for Physical and B wlogical Applications (1960) Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons, and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gamma Rays (1961) Stopping Powers for Use with Cavity Chambers (1961) Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials (1964) Radiation Protection in Educational Institutions (1966) Dental X-Ray Protection (1970) Radiation Protection in Veterinary Medicine (1970) Precautions i n the Management of Patients Who Have Received Therapeutic Amounts of Radionuclides (1970) Protection Against Neutron Radiation (1971) Protection Against Radiation from Brachytherapy Sources (1972) Specification of Gamma-Ray Brachytherapy Sources (1974) Radiological Factors Affecting Decision-Making i n a Nuclear Attack (1974) NCRP PUBLICATIONS / 75 Krypton-85 in the Atmosphere-Accumulation, Biological Significance, and Control Technology (1975) Alpha-Emitting Particles in Lungs (1975) Tritium Measurement Techniques (1976) Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies Up to 10 MeV (1976) Environmental Radiation Measurements (1976) Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for 0.1 -100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities (1977) Cesium-137 from the Environment to Man: Metabolism and Dose (1977) Review ofNCRP Radiation Dose Limit forEmbryo and Fetus in Occupationally-Exposed Women (1977) Medical Radiation Exposure of Pregnant and Potentially Pregnant Women (1977) Protection of the Thyroid Gland in the Event of Releases of Radioiodine (1977) Instrumentation and Monitoring Methods for Radiation Protection (1978) A Handbook ofRadioactivity Measurements Procedures, 2nd ed (1985) Operational Radiation Safety Program (1978) Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Radiocerium Relevant to Radiation Protection Guidelines (1978) Radiation Safety Training Criteria for Industrial Radiography (1978) Tritium in the Environment (1979) Tritium and Other Radionuclide Labeled Organic Compounds Incorporated in Genetic Material (1979) Influence of Dose and Its Distribution i n Time on DoseResponse Relationships for Low-LET Radiations (1980) Management of Persons Accidentally Contaminated with Radionuclides (1980) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields-Properties, Quantities and Units,Biophysical Interaction, and Measurements (1981) Radiation Protection i n Pediatric Radiology (1981) Dosimetry of X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Beams for Radiation Therapy in the Energy Range 10 keV to 50 MeV (1981) Nuclear Medicine-Factors Influencing the Choice and Use of Radionuclides in Diagnosis and Therapy (1982) Operational Radiation Safety-Training (1983) NCRP PUBLICATIONS Radiation Protection and Measurement for Low-Voltage Neutron Generators (1983) Protection in Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Diagnostic Procedures in Children (1983) Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (1983) Iodine-129: Evaluation ofReleases from Nuclear Power Generation (1983) Radiological Assessment: Predicting the Transport,Bioaccumulation, and Uptake by Man of Radionuclides Released to the Environment (1984) Exposures from the Uranium Series with Emphasis on Radon and Its Daughters (1984) Evaluation of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters in the United States (1984) Neutron Contamination from Medical Electron Accelerators (1984) Induction of Thyroid Cancer by Ionizing Radiation (1985) Carbon-14 i n the Environment (1985) SI Units in Radiation Protection and Measurements (1985) The Experimental Basis for Absorbed-Dose Calculations in Medical Uses of Radionuclides (1985) General Concepts for the Dosimetry of Internally Deposited Radionuclides (1985) Mammography-A User's Guide (1986) Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (1986) Use ofBioassayProcedures for Assessment oflnternal Radionuclide Deposition (1987) Radiation Alarms and Access Control Systems (1986) Genetic Effects from Internally Deposited Radionuclides (1987) Neptunium: Radiation Protection Guidelines (1988) Recommendations on Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (1987) Public Radiation Exposure from Nuclear Power Generation in the United States (1987) Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States (1987) Exposure of the Population i n the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation (1987) Radiation Exposure of the U.S Population from Consumer Products and Miscellaneous Sources (1987) NCRP PUBLICATIONS 77 Comparative Carcinogenicity of Ionizing Radiation and Chemicals (1989) Measurement of Radbn and Radon Daughters in Air (1988) Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities (1989) Quality Assurance for Diagnostic Imaging (1988) Exposure of the U.S Population from Diagnostic Medical Radiation (1989) Exposure of the U.S Population from Occupational Radiation (1989) Medical X-Ray, Electron Beam and Gamma-Ray Protection for Energies Up to 50 MeV (Equipment Design, Performance and Use) (1989) Control of Radon in Houses (1989) The Relative Biological Effectiveness ofRadiutions ofDifferent Quality (1990) Radiation Protection for Medical and Allied Health Personnel (1989) Limit for Exposure to "Hot Particles" on the Skin (1989) Implementation of the Principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) for Medical and Dental Personnel (1990) Conceptual Basis for Calculations of A bsorbed-DoseDistributions (1991) Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Organisms (1991) Some Aspects of Strontium Radiobiology (1991) Developing Radiation Emergency Plans for Academic, Medical or Industrial Facilities (1991) Calibration of Survey Instruments Used in Radiation Protection for the Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Fields and Radioactive Surface Contamination (1991) Exposure Criteria for Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound: I Criteria Based on Thermal Mechanisms (1992) Maintaining Radiation Protection Records (1992) Binders for NCRP Reports are available Two sizes make it possible to collect into small binders the "old series" of reports (NCRP Reports Nos 8-30) and into large binders the more recent publications (NCRP Reports Nos 32-114) Each binder will accommodate from five to seven reports The binders carry the identification "NCRP Reports" and come with label holders which permit the user to attach labels showing the reports contained in each binder The following bound sets of NCRP Reports are also available: Volume I NCRP Reports Nos 8, 22 78 NCRP PUBLICATIONS Volume 11 NCRP Reports Nos 23, 25, 27,30 Volume 111 NCRP Reports Nos 32,35, 36, 37 Volume IV NCRP Reports Nos 38, 40, 41 Volume V NCRP Reports Nos 42,44, 46 Volume VI NCRP Reports Nos 47, 49, 50, 51 Volume VII NCRP Reports Nos 52,53,54,55, 57 Volume VIII NCRP Reports No 58 Volume IX NCRP Reports Nos 59,60,61, 62, 63 Volume X NCRP Reports Nos 64,65,66,67 Volume XI NCRP Reports Nos 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 Volume XII NCRP Reports Nos 73, 74, 75, 76 Volume XIII NCRP Reports Nos 77, 78, 79, 80 Volume XIV NCRP Reports Nos 81,82,83, 84,85 Volume XV NCRP Reports Nos 86,87, 88, 89 Volume XVI NCRP Reports Nos 90, 91, 92, 93 Volume XVII NCRP Reports Nos 94, 95, 96, 97 Volume XVIII NCRP Reports Nos 98, 99,100 Volume XIX NCRP Reports Nos 101, 102,103, 104 Volume XX NCRP Reports Nos 105, 106, 107, 108 Volume XXI NCRP Reports Nos 109, 110, 111 (Titles of the Individual reports contained in each volume are given above) NCRP Commentaries No Title Krypton-85 in the Atmosphere-With Specific Reference to the Public Health Significance of the Proposed Controlled Release at Three Mile Island (1980) Preliminary Evaluation of Criteria for the Disposal of Transumnic Contaminated Waste (1982) Screening Techniques for Determining Compliance with Environmental Standards-Releases of Radionuclides to the Atmosphere (1986), Rev (1989) Guidelines for the Release of Waste Water from Nuclear Facilities with Special Reference to the Public Health Significance of the Proposed Release of Treated Waste Waters at Three Mile Island (1987) Review of the Publication, Living Without Landfills (1989) Radon Exposure of the U.S Population-Status of the Problem (1991) Misadministration of Radioactive Material in MedicineScientific Background (1991) NCRP PUBLICATIONS / 79 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting No Title Perceptions of Risk, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting held on March 14-15,1979(includingTaylor Lecture No 3) (1980) Critical Issues in Setting Radiation Dose Limits, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting held on April 8-9, 1981 (including Taylor Lecture No 5) (1982) Radiation Protection and New Medical Diagnostic Approaches, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting held on April 6-7, 1982 (including Taylor Lecture No 6) (1983) EnvironmentalRadioactivity, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting held on April 6-7,1983 (includingTaylor Lecture No 7) (1983) Some Issues Important in Developing Basic Radiation Protection Recommendations, Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting held on April 4-5,1984 (includingTaylor Lecture No 8) (1985) Radioactive Waste, Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Meeting held on April 3-4,1985 (includingTaylor Lecture No 9) (1986) Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiations and Ultrasound, Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Meeting held on April 2-3,1986 (includingTaylor Lecture No 10)(1988) New Dosimetry a t Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Its Implications for Risk Estimates, Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Meeting held on April 8-9,1987 (including Taylor Lecture No 11)(1988) Radon, Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting held on March 30-31, 1988 (including Taylor Lecture No 12) (1989) Radiation Protection Today-The NCRP at Sixty Years, Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting held on April 5-6, 1989 (including Taylor Lecture No 13) (1990) Health and Ecological Implications of Radioactively Contaminated Environments,Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting held on April 4-5,1990 (includingTaylor Lecture No 14) (1991) Genes, Cancer and Radiation Protection, Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting held on April 3-4,1992 (including Taylor Lecture No 15) (1992) 80 NCRP PUBLICATIONS Lauriston S Taylor Lectures No Title The Squares of the Natural Numbers in Radiation Protection by Herbert M Parker (1977) Why be Quantitative about Radiation Risk Estimates? by Sir Edward Pochin (1978) Radiation Protection-Concepts and Trade Offs by Hymer L Friedell (1979) [Available also i n Perceptions of Risk, see above] From "Quantity ofRadiation" and "Dose" to '%xposure" and "Absorbed Dose7'-An Historical Review by Harold Wyckoff(1980) How Well Can We Assess Genetic Risk? Not Very by James F Crow (1981) [Availablealso i n CriticalIssws in Setting Radiation Dose Limits, see abovel Ethics, Trade-offs and Medical Radiation by Eugene L Saenger (1982) [Available also in Radiation Protection and New Medical Diagnostic Approaches, see abovel The Human Environment-Past, Present and Future by Merril Eisenbud (1983) [Available also i n Environmental Radioactivity, see abovel Limitation and Assessment in Radiation Protection by Harald H Rossi (1984) [Available also i n Some Issues Important i n Developing Basic Radiation Protection Recommendations, see above] Truth (and Beauty) in Radiation Measurement by John H Harley (1985) [Available also in Radioactive Waste, see abovel BiologicalEffects ofNon-ionizingRadiations:CellularProperties and Interactions by Herman P Schwan (1987) [Available also i n Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiations and Ultrasound, see above] How to be Quantitative about Radiation Risk Estimates by Seymour Jablon (1988) [Available also i n New Dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and its Implications for Risk Estimates, see above] How Safe is Safe Enough? by Bo Lindell (1988) [Available also i n Radon, see abovel Radiobiology and Radiation Protection: The Past Century and Prospects for the Future by Arthur C Upton (1989) [Available also ih Radiation Protection Today, see abovel NCRP PUBLICATIONS 14 15 16 81 Radiation Protection and the Internal Emitter Saga by J Newel1 Stannard (1990) [Available also in Health and Ecological Implications of Radioactively Contaminated Environments, see above] When is a Dose Not a Dose? by Victor P Bond (1992) [Available also in Genes, Cancer and Radiation Protection, see above] Dose and Risk in Diagnostic Radiology: How Big? How Little? by Edward W Webster (1992) Symposium Proceedings The Control of Exposure of the Public to Ionizing Radiation in the Event of Accident or Attack, Proceedings of a Symposium held April 27-29, 1981 (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1982) NCRP Statements No Title "Blood Counts, Statement of the National Committee on Radiation Protection," Radiology 63, 428 (1954) "Statements on Maximum Permissible Dose from Television Receivers and Maximum Permissible Dose to the Skin of the Whole Body," Am J Roentgenol., Radium Ther and Nucl Med 84, 152 (1960) and Radiology 75, 122 (1960) X-Ray Protection Standards for Home Television Receivers, Interim Statement of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1968) Specification of Units ofNatura1 Uranium and Natural Thorium, Statement of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1973) NCRP Statement on Dose Limit for Neutrons (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1980) Control ofAir Emissions ofRadionuclides (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1984) 82 NCRP PUBLICATIONS Other Documents The following documents of the NCRP were published outside of the NCRP Report, Commentary and Statement series: Somatic Radiation Dose for the General Population, Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, May 1959, Reprinted from Science, February 19,1960, Vol 131, No 3399, pages 482-486 Dose Effect Modifying Factors I n Radiation Protection, Report of Subcommittee M-4 (Relative Biological Effectiveness) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Report BNL 50073 (T-471) (1967) Brookhaven National Laboratory (National Technical Information Service Springfield, Virginia) The following documents are now superseded andlor out of print: NCRP Reports No Title X-Ray Protection (1931) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 31 R a d i u m Protection (1934) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 41 X-Ray Protection (1936) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 61 Radium Protection (1938) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 131 Safe Handling of Radioactive Luminous Compound (1941) [Out of Print] Medical X-Ray Protection U p to Two Million Volts (1949) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 181 Safe Handling of Radioactive Isotopes (1949) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 301 Recommendations for Waste Disposal ofPhosphorus-32 and Iodine-131 for Medical Users (1951) [Out of Print] Radiological Monitoring Methods and Instruments (1952) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 571 Maximum Permissible Amounts of Radioisotopes in the Human Body and Maximum Permissible Concentrations i n Air and Water (1953) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 221 NCRP PUBLICATIONS 83 Recommendations for the Disposal of Carbon-14 Wastes (1953) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 81.1 Protection Against Radiations fiom Radium, Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137 (1954) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 241 Protection Against Betatron-Synchrotron Radiations Up to 100 Million Electron Volts (1954) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 511 Safe Handling of Cadavers Containing Radioactive Isotopes (1953) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 211 Radioactive-Waste Disposal in the Ocean (1954) [Out of Printl Permissible Dose from External Sources of Ionizing Radiation (1954) including Maximum Permissible Exposures to Man, Addendum to National Bureau of Standards Handbook 59 (1958) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 391 X-Ray Protection (1955) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 261 Regulation of Radiation Exposure by Legislative Means (1955) [Out of Printl Protection Against Neutron Radiation Up to 30 Million Ebctron Volts (1957) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 381 Safe Handling of Bodies Containing Radioactive Isotopes (1958) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 371 Protection Against Radiations from Sealed Gamma Sources (1960) [Superseded by NCRP Reports No 33,34 and 401 Medical X-Ray Protection Up to Three Million Volts (1961) [Superseded by NCRP Reports No 33,34,35 and 361 A Manual of Radioactivity Procedures (1961) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 581 Exposure to Radiation i n an Emergency (1962) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 421 Shielding for Hzgh-Energy Electron Accelerator Installations (1964) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 511 Medical X-Ray and Gamrna-Ray Protection for Energies up to 10 MeV-Equipment Design and Use (1968) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 1021 Medical X-Ray and Gamma-RayProtection for Energies Up to 10 MeV-Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation Handbook (1970) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 491 Basic Radiation Protection Criteria (1971) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 911 Review of the Current State ofRadiation Protection Philosophy (1975) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 911 84 45 48 56 58 66 / NCRP PUBLICATIONS Natural Background Radiation in the United States (1975) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 941 Radiation Protection for Medical and Allied Health Personnel (1976) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 1051 Radiation Exposure fiom Consumer Products and Miscellaneous Sources (1977) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 951 A Handbook of Radioactivity Measurements Procedures, 1st ed (1978) [Superseded by NCRP Report No 58,2nd ed.] Mammography (1980) [Out of Print] NCRP Proceedings No Title Quantitative Risk in Standards Setting, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting held on April 2-3, 1980 [Out of Print] Index Abnormal exposures, 34 Accidents and incidents, 41 ALARA, 40 Area radiation and contamination records, 38 Dose assessment records, 29-3 effective dose equivalent, 30 extremity dose equivalent, 31 eye dose equivalent, 30-31 skin dose equivalent, 30 whole body dose equivalent, 29-30 Environmental records, 42-46 dose assessment, 45-46 off-site incident investigations, 46 operational monitoring program, 43-44 pre-operational monitoring program, 42 radioactive materials release, 44-45 special studies, 46 Exposure history, 33 Files, 9-12 backup files, 11-12 computer files, 11 facilities, 9, 35-37 individuals, 9-10 master files, original or reproduced files, 11 Individual records, 28-34 abnormal exposures, 34 dose assessment records, 29-31 exposure categories, 28 exposure history, 33 external dosimetry, 29-31 internal dosimetry, 31-32 missing dosimetry results, 33 personal data, 28-29 summation of internal and external exposures, 32-33 training records, 34 Instrumentation, 39 Internal dosimetry, 31-32 annual assessment of dose, 31 bioassay data, 31 biokinetic data, 31 dosimetric models, 31-32 Linkages, types of, 52-54 interfile, 54 intrafile, 52-53 Missing dosimetry results, 33 Off-site incident investigation and special studies, 46 Operational environmental monitoring program, 43-44 air sampling, 43 biota sampling, 44 direct measurements, 44 food sampling, 43 surface deposition, 44 water sampling, 43 Pre-operational environmental monitoring program, 42-43 climatic studies, 42 demographic studies, 42-43 land use studies, 42-43 radiological surveillance records, 43 topographic studies, 42-43 Protective equipment, 39 Quality control, 13-14 records, 13 storage and retrieval, 13-14 Radiation protection instrumentation, 47-51 calibration, 48,49-51 instrument inventory, 50-51 maintenance, 47, 50 specifications, 47-48 Radiation protection program records, 18-27 accreditation and certification, 19 ALARA programs, 27 authorizing documents, 18-19 calibration program, 23 dose assessment program, 25 dosimetry and exposure control program, 24-25 environmental radiation monitoring program, 25 86 INDEX general and administrative programs, 27 general worker training, 22 guidance documents, 19-20 incident response programs, 26-27 materials receipt and shipment program, 26 measurement and control programs, 23 organization and personnel, 20 personnel identification and qualification, 20 personnel training, 21 position descriptions, 20 quality control and assessment programs, 21-22 radiation work control program, 24 radioactive waste program, 26 respiratory protection program, 23-24 source and access control programs, 22 ventilation monitoring program, 25 Radiation records, retention of, 55-58 epidemiologic research, 55, 57 litigation, 55, 57-58 program control, 55-57 regulatoly compliance, 55, 57 Radiation work permits, 37-38 Radioactive material inventory, 40 Radioactive material shipments, 40 Radioactive materials release and dose assessment, 44-46 dose assessment reports, 45-46 radioactive material release reports, 44-45 Records generation, 5-8 ancillary information, completeness, originator of records, identity of, radiation dose, records status information, 7-8 specificity, 5-6 Records generation and retention, guidance for, 4-17,55-58 files, 9-12 legal aspects, 14-17 records confidentiality, records generation, 5-8 records identification, records linkage, 8-9 records retention, 12, 55-58 records retrieval, 4, 13 records safeguards, records system design and operation, 4-5 storage and maintenance, 12-13 Records linkage, 8-9,52-54 grouped basis, individual basis, locational identifiers, types of linkages, 9,52-54 Records management, legal aspects of, 14-17 computer program documentation, 16-17 disposition of records, 15 evidentiary considerations, 14 incorporation by reference, 15 privacy and confidentiality, 15-16 rules of evidence, 14 Records retention, 12-13,55-58 epidemiologic records, 12, 57 health and safety records, 12-13 litigation records, 12, 57-58 program control records, 55-57 time period, 12-13 Records retrieval, 13 Records system, design and operation, 4-5 codes and coding conventions, definitions, record handling procedures, Storage and maintenance of records, 12-13 format, 12 retention, 12-13 Summation of internal and external, 32-33 Training records, 34 Workplace records, 35-41 access control, 37 accidents and incidents, 41 ALARA, 40 area radiation and contamination records, 38 controlled areas, 36 facility description, 35-36 instrumentation, 39 protective equipment, 39-40 quality assurance, 39-40 radiation work permits, 37-38 radioactive material inventory, 40 radioactive material shipments, 40 ventilation and exhaust features, 36-3 ... on Radiation Protection and Measurements Maintaining radiation protection records : recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements cm.- (NCRP report ; no 114) ... relating to radiation protection personnel 3.3 TYPES OF PROGRAM RECORDS / 21 3.3.4.3 Radiation Protection Personnel Training Program records include documentationof the training of radiation protection. .. documented These program records should be linked to the person's radiation exposure records, employment records, training records, medical records, security records and to program records relating to