CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY

CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY Definition Organization Sentence patterns and language materials DEFINITION  Causes are the reasons why an event happened Most events result from a number of causes, which not necessary related In cause paper, just develop only those causes that are closely related in time to the event It means that you should not cite a cause that happened 12 years earlier Also beware of false causal relationship Ex: You should not mention that the cause of your obesity is the hobby of collecting stamps example Countless bills to pay for … Needs a professional care … My father’s welfare …… -> Putting my mother in the nursing home  Effects are the results of a particular occurrence The effects should be distinct and separate from one another Furthermore, the effects should not be too distant in time, too Example: > Have little privacy Being a Celebrity > Be under constant pressure > Have no safety Distinguish Between Cause and Effect     To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?" To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?“ - example of one cause producing one effect: CAUSE You are out of gas EFFECT Your car won't start CAUSE People clear land for agriculture by cutting down tree EFFECT The topsoil washes away - Sometimes, many causes contribute to a single effect CAUSES like business in high school salary in the field is high my aunt is an accountant good with numbers EFFECT Choose major in accounting - Many effects may result from a single cause CAUSE Reduce work hours EFFECTS Less income Employer is irritated More time to study More time for family and friends chain of cause and effect - an effect becomes the cause of another effect - that effect becomes the cause of still another effect, and so on Example of a chain reaction: CAUSE EFFECT People move into new areas and clear land for agriculture by cutting down trees The tree roots no longer hold the soil in place CAUSE EFFECT The tree roots don’t hold the soil in place The topsoil washes away during heavy rains CAUSE EFFECT The topsoil washes away during heavy rains There is no good soil to grow crops in CAUSE EFFECT There is no good soil to grow crops in People move to new areas and clear land by cutting down trees HOW TO WRITE Thesis statement * Make it clear to the readers whether the essay is being developed by cause or by effect It does not have to be persuasive * A paper for a causal analysis - states briefly the causes to be discussed - key question: “What caused this?” Ex: Child violence is caused by lack of parental attention, parental abuse and parental immaturity * A paper for an effect analysis - states the central idea - key question: “What effects result from this cause?” Ex: Watching violent films has a great impact on the child’s psychological and physiological condition body  Warning * immediate (called direct) causes/effects Ex: The causes for my fear of the water - I can not swim (immediate cause) -My mother had an unreasonable fear of the water (remote cause) * remote (called indirect) causes/effects Ex: The effects of watching TV - More people get eyestrain (immediate effect) -People get fat (remote effect)  Organization * spend one body paragraph on each of the causes/effects - this paragraph provides explanation, facts … any evidences that show how it contributes to the effect - this paragraph provides explanation that shows the relationship between the cause and the effect  * the body paragraphs can be arranged: - order of importance (the most important last) - order of interest (less interesting to more interesting) - order of familiarity (obvious to less obvious) - order of time (Chronological order) Details are arranged in the order in which the events occurred - categorical: details are arranged by dividing the topic into parts or categories Examples Thesis statement: Air pollution is caused by the following factors: exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled factory releases, and burning of low-quality coal for heating Body: P1: Exhausts Gases From Car A government does not have enough control B citizens are not conscientious P2 Uncontrolled Factory Gases A no regular checks on gases released B factories are inside the borders of residential areas P3 Burning of Low- Quality Coal for Heating A no governmental control B other forms of energy too expensive Conclusion: Sentence patterns and language materials  Words and phrases that show the cause:              - Because - Because of - Due to - One cause is - Another is - Since - As - For - To result from - To be the result of - The effect of - The consequence of - As a result of - As a consequence of Words and phrases that show the effects: - Consequently                - As a result - As a consequence - Thus - Hence - Resulted in - One result is - Another is - Therefore - So - To result in - To cause - To have an effect on - To affect - The cause of - The reason for  Structures showing cause and effect  leads to results in (daãn ñeán kquaû) NOUN results from (do bôûi) causes has an effect on  Ex: Smoking causes lung cancer  NOUN Lack of exercise can lead to poor health  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ... friends chain of cause and effect - an effect becomes the cause of another effect - that effect becomes the cause of still another effect, and so on Example of a chain reaction: CAUSE EFFECT People... Between Cause and Effect     To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?" To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?“ - example of one cause producing one effect: CAUSE You... of gas EFFECT Your car won't start CAUSE People clear land for agriculture by cutting down tree EFFECT The topsoil washes away - Sometimes, many causes contribute to a single effect CAUSES like